| ℹ | Passing the mouse over words underlined with dots will show a translation in English of that Anglish or rare word. |
| Drawth |
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| ℹ | This leaf is a drawth wordwrestling a riddle or a wen that has arisen in the making of Anglish. See other drawths. |
Anglish is a speechly fanding, therefore speechlorely wording is often noted.
There are manikin ways to overset these and there is often no right or wrong word, so all sties are worthy of looking into.
Others in the Anglish Moot have done some loanwends: here. However, instead of making up these new words, the dead Old English words could have been brought back to life.
Ælfric was an abbod known for his writings (see the Wikipedia leaf). He wrote a book on speechcraft, and although it's an addled blend of Old English and Leeden and is forolded by today's outlook as its craftspeech is not fastened and it sought to glass Leeden meanings onto English, it could nonetheless be noteful to the Moot.
These are the words he noted:
Loanwords:
| English | Ælfric Latin | Ælfric OE | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| case | casus | casu | |
| to inflect | inflectere | declinian | |
| declinable | declinabilis | declinigendlic | |
| declension | declinatio | declinung | |
| diphthong | dyptongus | dyptongon | |
| ? | glossa | glesing | |
| part | pars | part | |
| not declinable | indeclinabilis | undeclinigendlic |
Onefold meaning loans:
| English | Ælfric Latin | Ælfric OE | Anglish |
|---|---|---|---|
| proper noun | nomen proprium | agen nama | own name, ownname |
| gender | genus | cynn | kin |
| action | actum | dæd | deed |
| part | pars | dæl | deal |
| silent | mutum | dumb | whist |
| English | anglica lingua | englisc | English |
| meter (rhymes) | pedes | fēt | feet |
| case | casus | fyll | fall |
| inflect | inflectere | gebīgan | bye |
| mixed | compositum | gefēged | fayed |
| accident | accidentia | gelimp | limp |
| common | comunis | gemǣne | mean |
| general | generalis | gemǣnelīc | meanly |
| mood | modus | gemet | mete |
| meter | metrum | gemet | ~ |
| number | numerus | getel | atell |
| person | persona | hād | hoad |
| form | figura | hiw | hue |
| aspect | species | hiw | ~ |
| cause | causa | intinga | inting |
| prolonged | productus | lang | lengthened |
| error | vitium | leahtor | leighter |
| meaning | potestas | miht | meaning |
| noun | nomen | nama | name |
| rule | regula | regol | rail |
| story | fabula | saga | saw, saga (‹ON) |
| short | correpta (littera) | scort | short |
| shorten | corripio | scyrtan | shorten |
| letter | gramma | stæf | staff |
| letter | littera | stæf | staff |
| degree | gradus | stæp | step |
| voice | vox | stemn | steven |
| accent/tone | accentus | sweg | tonguefall/yack |
| tense | tempus | tīd | tide |
| ~ | tempus | tīma | time |
| difference | differentia | todāl | todole |
| positura | distinctio | todāl | todole |
| positura | positura | todāl | todole |
| recipere | underfōn | ||
| actus | weorc | work | |
| verb | verbum | word | tideword, deedword |
| ulterior (modus) | yttra (gemet) | utter |
Manifold meaning loans:
| English | Ælfric Latin | Ælfric OE | Anglish |
|---|---|---|---|
| articulata | andgytfullic | ||
| present | praesens | andwerd | anward |
| simplex | simplex | ānfeald | onefold |
| singular | singularis | ānfeald | onefold |
| integrex | ansund | ||
| interrogatio | axung | ||
| articulatio | clyping | ||
| exclamatio | clypung | ||
| vox | clypung | ||
| period | periodos | clȳsing | fullstop |
| participle | participium | dǣlnimend | dealnimming, dealnimmend |
| ordinal | ordinalis | endebyrdlīc | endbirdly |
| order | ordo | endebyrdnys | endbirdness |
| preterite | praeteritus | forðgewiten | forthwitten |
| past perfect | praeteritus perfectus | forðgewiten fulfremed | forthwitten fulfremmed |
| preposition | praepositio | foresetnys | foresetness |
| primitive | primitivus | frumcenned | fromkenned |
| primitive | primitivus | fyrmyst | foremost |
| oblique | obliquus (casus) | gebīged | byed |
| conjugation | conjugatio | geðēodnys | theedness |
| conjuctio | geðēodnys | ||
| ending | terminatio | geendung | ending |
| accident | accidentia | gelimplic (ðing) | |
| common | comunis | gemǣnelīc | |
| appellative | appellativus | gemǣnlic | |
| epicene | epicoenus | gemenged | |
| promiscuus | gemenged | ||
| confusa (vox) | gemenged (stemn) | ||
| intentive | intentivus | geornfullīc | |
| historia | gerecednys | ||
| meaning | significatio | getācnung | |
| barbarismus | gewemmednyss (anes wordes) | wemmedness | |
| oratio | lēdensprǣc | Leedenspeech | |
| Latin | latina (lingua) | lēdensprǣc, lēden | Leeden (speech) |
| nota | mearcung | ||
| plural | pluralis | menigfeald | manifold |
| pluraliter | menigfealdlice | ||
| neuter | neuter | naðor | neither |
| spiritus | orðung | ||
| affirm | adfirmare | seþan | seethe, soothe |
| grammar | grammatica | stæfcræft | staffcraft |
| syllable | syllaba | stæfgefeg | staffay |
| specialis | synderlīce | sunderly | |
| temporalis | tīdlīc | tidely | |
| corruptus | tōbrocen | ||
| future | futurus | tōwerd | toward |
| fixum (participium) | unawendendlic | ||
| anomalous | anomalum (verbum) | unefn (word) | |
| indeclinable | indeclinabils | ungebīgendlīc | unabyingly |
| absolutivus | ungebunden | ||
| inequalis | ungelic | uneven | |
| incorporeal/abstract | incorporalis | unlīchamlīc | |
| syncope | sincopa | wanung | waning |
| masculine | masculinus | werlīc | werely |
| comparative | comparativus | wiðmetenlīc | withmetely |
| feminine | feminina | wīflīc | wifely |
| passive | passivus | þrōwung | throeing |
Loanwends:
| English | Ælfric Latin | Ælfric OE | Anglish |
|---|---|---|---|
| enclitic | encletica (coniunctio) | āhyldendlīc | ahieldingly |
| ~ | inclinativus | āhyldendlīc | ahieldingly |
| deponent | deponens (verbum) | alecgend (word) | allaying |
| deponent | deponens (verbum) | alecgendlīc (word) | allayingly |
| disjunctive | disiunctiva (coniunctio) | āscyrigendlīc | ashearingly |
| remissivus | āslacigendlīc | ||
| defective (verb) | defectivum (verbum) | āteorigendlīc (word) | atiringly, wemmy (deedword) |
| mobilis | āwendedlīc | ||
| metaplasm | metaplasmus | āwend sprǣc | speechshift |
| interrogative | interrogativus | axigendlic | askingly |
| ablative | ablativus | ætbrēdendlic | atbraidingly |
| demonstrative | demonstrativus | ætēowigendlīce | atewingly |
| imperative | imperativus | bebēodendlīc | biddingly |
| interjection | interiectio | betwuxālegednys | betwixtalaidness |
| ~ | interiectio | betwuxāworpennyss | betwixtwarp |
| vocalic | vocalis | clypiendlīc | clependy |
| vocative | vocativus | clypiendlīc | cleapingly |
| active | activus | dǣdlīc | deedly |
| participle | participale (verba) | dǣlnymendlic (word) | dealnimmer |
| gentile (nomen) | ðeodlic nama | ||
| passive | passivus | ðrōwigendlic | throeingly |
| relative | relativus | edlesendlīc | edleasingly |
| infinity | infinitio | endleasnys | endlessness |
| demonstrative | demonstrativus | ēowigendlīc | |
| affirmative | adfirmativus | fæstnigende | |
| confirmative | confirmativus | fæstnigende or seðende | |
| conjunction | coniunctio | feging | faying |
| dehortative | deortativus | forbēodendlīc | forbiddingly |
| praepositivus | foresettendlic | ||
| dative | dativus | forgyfendlic | foryeavingly |
| congregative | congregativus | gadrigendlīc | gatheringly |
| genitive | genitivus | geāgniendlīc | owningly |
| possessive | possessivus | geāgnigendlīc | ~ |
| indicative | indicativus | gebīcniendlīc | beckoningly |
| declination | declinatio | gebigednyss | abying |
| vocative | vocativus | gecīgendlīc | chyingly |
| appellative | appellativus | gecīgendlīc | ~ |
| copulative | copulativa (coniunctio) | geðēodendlīc | theedingly |
| adnectens | gefæstniende | ||
| figura | gefēgednys | ||
| completive | completiva (conjunctio) | gefyllendlīc | fillingly |
| frequentative | frequentativum (verbum) | gelōmlǣcende | loomledging |
| genitive | genitivus | gestrȳnendlīc | streeningly |
| desiderative | desiderativus | gewilnigendlīc | willeningly, listingly |
| optative | optativus | gewīscendlīc | wishingly |
| semivowel | semivocalis | healfclypiend | glide |
| dehortative | deortativus | mistihtendlīc | mistightingly |
| nominative | nominativus | nemniendlīc | nemmeningly |
| superlative | superlativus | oferstīgendlīc | overstyingly |
| derivative | dirivativus | ofgangend | |
| ~ | dirivativus | ofgangendlic | stemmingly |
| inchoative (aspect) | inchoativa (species) | onginnendlīc (hiw) | aginningly (hue) |
| affirmative | adfirmativus | seðende | |
| confimativus | seðende | ||
| meditativus | smeagendlīc | smeyingly | |
| localis | stowelic | stowly | |
| vocalis | swegendlic | sweyingly | |
| iurativus | swerigendlic | swearingly | |
| discretive | discretivus | syndrigendlic | |
| hortative | ortativus | tihtendlīc | tightingly, shyingly |
| vocandum (adverbium) | toclypigendlic | ||
| dubitative | dubitativus | twynigendlic | |
| subjunctive | coniunctivus/subiunctivus | underðeodendlic | undertheedingly |
| subauditio | underhlystung | ||
| subdistinctio | undertodal | ||
| imperfect (preterite) | (praeteritum) imperfectum | unfulfremed (forðgewiten) | unfulfremmed (forthwitten) |
| infinitive | inifinitivus | ungeendigendlic | unendingly |
| diminutive | diminutivus | wanigendlic | waningly |
| adversative | adversativus | wiðerrædlic | |
| comparative | comparativus | wiðmetendlic | |
| negative | abnegativus | wiðsacendlic | withsakingly |
| accusative | accusativus | wregendlic | wrayingly |
Loan renditions:
| English | Ælfric Latin | Ælfric OE | Anglish |
|---|---|---|---|
| voice | vox | cræftspræc | craftspeech |
| relatio | edlesung | ||
| casualis (forma) | gebigendlic (hiw) | ||
| loquelaris | gespræclic | ||
| derivative | dirivativus | ofcumende | |
| adjective | adiectivus | togeicendlic | ekingly |
| comparative | comparativus | wiðmetenlic | |
| ad mirandum (adverbium) | wundrigendlic |
Loan creation:
| English | Ælfric Latin | Ælfric OE | Anglish |
|---|---|---|---|
| case | casus | gebigednyss | byedness, abying |
| ago | getacnian | ||
| utrumque (activum et passivum) | geþafung | ||
| relative | relativus | ongeāncyrrendlīc |
Many-word terms:
| English | Ælfric Latin | Ælfric OE | Anglish |
|---|---|---|---|
| univocus | ane clypung | ||
| monoptotes | monoptota | ane gebigednyss | having one abying |
| appellativum | ælc oþer nama | ||
| impersonale (verbum) | butan hade (word) | ||
| pars orationis | dæl ledenspræce | ||
| derived | dirivativus | ða ðe cumað of oðrum namum | |
| hexaptotes | hexaptota | ða ðe habbað syx casus | |
| pentaptotes | pentaptota | ða ðe habbað fif casus | |
| temporalia | ða ðe tida getacniað | ||
| tetraptotes | tetraptota | ða ðe habbað feower casus | |
| triptotes | triptota | ða ðe habbað þry casus | |
| patriae | ða geswuteliað þæs mannes eþel | ||
| dividua | ða getacniað todal mid | ||
| gentilia | ða getacniað, hwylcere þeode he sig | ||
| qualitatis | ða getacniað hwylcnysse, hu hit gedon sy | ||
| quantitatis | ða getacniað mycelnysse or lytelnesse | ||
| similtudinis | ða getacniað gelicnysse | ||
| diptotes | diptota | ða habbað twegen mislice casus | |
| ad aliquid dicta | ða synd gecwedened to sumum þinge and ne magon beon gecwedene buton ðam ðinge | ||
| adjectives | adiectiva | ða ðe beoð geihte to oðrum namum and getacniað oððe herunge oððe tal | |
| neutropassivum (verbum) | ðrowigendlic (word) | ||
| denominative | denominativa | eal þæt of naman cymð | |
| patronomicus | fæderlice naman | ||
| prosa | forðriht leden | ||
| periodos | geendung ðæs ferses | ||
| poetae | gelærede sceopas | ||
| analogia | gelicera ðinga wiðmetnys | ||
| ordinals | ordinalia | geswuteliað endbyrdnysse | |
| cardinal numbers | cardinales numeri | heafod getel | |
| sinonima id sunt plurivoca | ða getacniað an ðing mid menigfealdre clypunge | ||
| fabulae | idele spellunga | ||
| plurivoca | mænigfeald clypung | ||
| finitas | mid fulre gewissunge | ||
| media distinctio | middan todal | ||
| mentis affectum | modes gewilnunge | ||
| neuter | neutrum | naðres cynnes | |
| pronoun | pronomen | naman speliend | byname |
| homonyms | omonima | ða getacniað ma þinga mid anre clypunge | |
| etymology | ethimologia | nomena ordfruma & gescead | in AM wordroot |
| denominative | denominativa | of ðam naman | |
| gerund | gerundia | of ðam worde gero ic bere, forðan ðe hi berað manega andgytu. | |
| in loco | on stowe | on stow | |
| orthography | ortographia/rectu scriptura | riht gewrit | stafflore |
| consonant | consonans | samod swegend | samedsweyend |
| superlative | superlativa | se ðridde stæpe | the third step |
| positive | positivus | se forma stæpe | the first step |
| comparative | comparativa | se oðre stæpe | the other step |
| quasi ad aliquid dicta | sume syndan fornean þisum | ||
| ad locum | to stowe | to stow | |
| diphthong | diptongus | twyfeald sweg | |
| dubii generis | twylices cynnes | ||
| voce incondita | ungesceapenre stemn | ||
| supine | supinum | up awend | |
| comparatio similium rerum | wiðmetenys geliccra ðinga | ||
| adverb | adverbium | wordes gefera | byword |
| numerals | numeralia | þa geswuteliað getel | |
| collectiva | þa getacniað on anfealdum getele mycele meniu | ||
| facticia | þa synd geworhta æfter gelicnysse getacniað, hwylcere þeode he sig | ||
| causales | þas beoð for sumon intinga gecwedene | ||
| impersonal | impersonale | þæt gæð ofer ealle ða oþre fif on ðam ðriddan hade |
References[]
Don Chapman, Uterque Lingua / Ægðer Gereord: Ælfric’s Grammatical Vocabulary and the Winchester Tradition, The Journal of English and Germanic Philology , Vol. 109, No. 4 (October 2010), pp. 421-445