No edit summary Tags: mobileedit sourceedit |
No edit summary Tags: mobileedit sourceedit |
||
Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
|wantonness, recklessness |
|wantonness, recklessness |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |'''abandonment''' |
||
+ | |"n" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
+ | |shedding |
||
|'''abase''' |
|'''abase''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
Revision as of 04:05, 9 March 2015
Staff A of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WLG = West Low Theech
- ELG = East Low Theech
- NL = Netherlandish
- NHG = New High Theech
- IC = Icelandish
- HIC = High Icelandish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Theech
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Theech
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Theech
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
English | Rank | Anglish | |||
Attested | Unattested | ||||
aardvark | n | ant bear, ant-bear, antbear | earthpig, earthswine, earthfarrow | ||
abandon | vb |
shed, forgo, forsake (Barnes) |
forlet UK dialectal ~ cf. Fr. ferlitte, Du. verlaten, Nw. forlate, NHG verlassen) of-give, up-give, forleave, forlese, unget | ||
abandon | n | wantonness, recklessness | - | abandonment | "n" |
shedding | abase | vb | cheapen, warp; shame, sink | unar, anether | |
abash | vb | faze, rattle | - | ||
abate | vb | drain away, drop off, dwindle, ease, ebb fall (away), lessen, let up, lower, shrink, wane | - | ||
abattoir | n | slaughterhouse | - | ||
abbess | n | - | overmother | ||
abbreviation | n | - | forshortening | ||
abdicate | vb | step down, step aside from | - | ||
abdomen | n | midriff, belly | kite (<OE cwiþ) riff (<OE hrif) | ||
abduct | vb | kidnap, steal, lead away, offlead, nab | - | ||
aberrant | n | black-sheep | - | ||
aberration | n | - | unfollowing | ||
abet | vb | goad, spur, hearten | fuse (<ME fusen) | ||
abhor | vb | hate, loathe, mislike | - | ||
ability | n | skill, might, craft, knack in-born: mother-wit |
- | ||
abject | adj | - | heanly (<OE heanlic), downcast (Barnes) | ||
abjure | vb | foreswear, take back, unsay, withdraw | of-swear, aftercwethe | ||
ablactate | vb | wean | - | ||
ablative | n | - | atbraidingly | ||
ablaut | n | - | offlloud | ||
able | adj | fit, skilled |
dow, stand (cf. Dn, Nw.) | ||
-able | sfx | - |
-endly/-ingly -worth (<OE -wierþe) -ber (cf. OE -bære, Fr. -ber, NHG -bar) -some | ||
able to | phr | can, may | dow to, skilled to | ||
ablution | n | washing, cleansing | furbing | ||
abnegate | vb | forgo, forswear | - | ||
abnormal | adj | amiss, unwonted, odd | unmean, unshapely (Barnes) | ||
abolish | vb | black out, stamp out, sweep away, wipe out | fordo, forend | ||
abominable | n | aweful, dreadful, evil, loathsome, sickening | shandful (<OE scandful), slithely, besmearful, wargedly (<OE) | ||
aboriginal | adj | inborn | - | ||
aborigine | n | - | orfolk (OE or 'origin') | ||
abort | vb | lay off, call off | - | ||
abortion | n | misbirth | forbirthing, awaywarpness (<OE) | ||
abound | vb | brim, teem, overflow | - | ||
abrasion | n | graze, scrape | - | ||
abridge | vb | cut back, forshorten | littlen (<OE) | ||
abrupt | adj | quick, fast, steep | scorn (<OE scoren) | ||
abscess | n | swelling | gatheredness (<OE) | ||
abscond | vb | break out, runoff, steal away | - | ||
absence | n |
lack, needfulness, want; dearth |
of-being, offwardness (<OE) | ||
absent | adj | missing, wanting | off-being, offward (<OE) | ||
absenteeism | n | - | offwardness | ||
absent-mindedness | n | daydreaming, flighty, thoughtless, unheeding, unmindful, woolgathering | - | ||
absinthe | n | wormwood | - | ||
absolute | adj |
outright, utter, full, rank |
- | ||
absolutely | adv | fully, wholly | - | ||
absolve | vb | forgive | offloosen (Barnes) | ||
absorb | vb | drink, soak up, suck up, take up; grip; burn, drain, draw down, play out | bedrink (<OE bedrincan) up-soak, forsoak (Barnes) | ||
abstain | vb | forbear (Barnes), forego withhold, hold back |
- | ||
abstinence | n | - | forbearing, forhaveness (<OE forhæfnes) | ||
abstract | vb | withdraw, take from, pull out | - | ||
abstract | adj | - | fallenly | ||
abstract | n | withdrawal, outline | outpulling, outdraught, offdrawal (abstraction) | ||
abundance | n | wealth | fullsomeness (<OE) | ||
abundant | adj | teeming, swarming overflowing, fulsome rife, fat, thick, awash |
- | ||
abuse | vb | scathe, mishandle | hean (<OE hienan), smittle, misbrook | ||
abysmal | adj | 1. hellish, hopeless, dreadful 2. fathomless, bottomless |
netherly, unfathomly | ||
abyss | n | 1. hell 2. depth, ground, deep, pit, netherworld |
newel (<OE neowol) | ||
acacia | n | - | thornbloom, hookthorn | ||
academia | n | - | learnedom, loredom, frod (<OE) | ||
academic | adj | - | moot, booksome, lorewise | ||
academic | n/adj | adj: book-learned | n: loreman | ||
accede | vb | - | agree: thware (<OE) | ||
accelerate | vb | hasten, speed up, quicken (Barnes) | yare, swiften | ||
acceleration | n | - | yareness | ||
accent | n | - | tungfall (cf. Du. tongval ), word-strain (Barnes) | ||
accept | vb | swallow, trust; bear, shoulder; intake (Barnes) |
thave, thware (<OE þwarian 'to bring into agreement, make harmonious') ontake, onfang (<OE onfon) | ||
acceptable | adj | all right, fairish, good | thwaringly, thewsome | ||
access | n | doorway, gateway, key | infare, ingoing | ||
accessible | adj | - | yea-fare, thuringly | ||
accessory | n | - | bykeeper, deedmate (Barnes) | ||
accident | n | mishap; hap, luck | onfall, hapliness (Barnes) | ||
accidental | adj | - | fallenly, happensome (Barnes) | ||
accompany | vb | - | beglide (cf. Du. begeleiden, NHG begleiten) | ||
accomplish | vb phr | fulfill, sow up, bring about | - | ||
accord | n | deal, meeting of minds | thaving, thwaring | ||
accordion | n | - | bellowharp | ||
according to | adj | as of, by | nigh (cf. NHG nach), after, following (calque) | ||
account | n | ledger | - | ||
account of | vb | witness (give) | forof (on) | ||
accountant | n | - | teller (cf. Du. tal, NHG Zahle 'number') | ||
accumulate | vb | heap,, build up, gather up | - | ||
accurate | adj | right on, spot-on | swotel (<OE sweotol)
narrowcore (calque of Du. nauwkeurig, narrow - core 'choice') | ||
accusative (case) | adj | - |
wrayingly (<OE wregendlic), end-case (Barnes) | ||
accuse | vb | wray, guilt | atwite | ||
accuse falsely | vb | - | forwray (<OE forwregan) | ||
accustom | vb | wean, wean on, wean to | onwone (Barnes) | ||
accustomed | adj | wont | - | ||
acephalous | adj | headless (Barnes) | - | ||
acetone | n | - | sourghost | ||
acid | n/adj | - | sour | ||
acne | n | - | redmeal (OE mal 'spot') | ||
aconite | n | wolfsbane | - | ||
acoustics | n | - | dinlore | ||
acquaint | vb | befriend | kennen (<OE cunnan (“to become acquainted with, to know”)) | ||
acquaintance | n | friend, neighbor | kenning | ||
acquiesce | vb | bow | thave (<OE) | ||
acquire | vb | earn, foster | beget (<OE) | ||
acquisition | n |
windfall (unexpected) |
begetting | ||
acrobat | n | - | stringtumb | ||
acropolis | n | - | highburg | ||
across | adv | over | thwarse, thweer, athwart (Barnes) | ||
act | n | deed, work, play | - | ||
act | v | do, work | - | ||
action | n | deed (Barnes) doing, work |
dodrive | ||
active | adj | snell, deedy; mettlesome, springy; hopping, tied-up | ongoing, doingsome (Barnes), doughty, sprack (Barnes) | ||
actor(ess) | n | player | showplayer(in) | ||
actual | adj | sooth | nowly | ||
actually | adv | indeed, truly, soothly, forsooth | workly, wittedly (<OE) | ||
acupuncture | n | pinpricking | nailhealing | ||
acute | adj | sharp, high (Barnes), keen, honed; shrill (accent) | swotel | ||
A.D. | adv | - | Y.L. | ||
ad infinitum | adv | forevermore | at eke, ekely, for eke, unto everness | ||
adamant | adj | unyielding, unswayed | - | ||
adaptable | adj | - | onwending (cf. Du. aanwendbaar) | ||
adapter | n | - | eck-on, fayfitter | ||
add | vb | eke | reckon up, put on, onput (Barnes), at-eke (OE) | ||
add up | vb | cast up, tally up | - | ||
addiction | n | craving, yearning | - | ||
additionally | adv |
again, also, besides, either, further, furthermore, likewise, moreover, then, too, withal, yet, over and above |
eke (also) | ||
address | vb | call, name, clip, bespeak | at-speak, bequethe, hote | ||
address | n | - | sitline (<OE: asittan 'to live together') | ||
adept | adj | skillful, skilled | - | ||
adequate | adj | right, even, fair, fit, befitting | makeshift/ make-do | ||
adhere | vb | cling, stick, cleave to, follow, stand by | at-cleave (<OE) oncleave (Barnes) | ||
adherence to good morals | n | - | thewfastness | ||
adherent | n | follower | liever | ||
adiposis | n | overweight | - | ||
adjacent | adj | near, next | - | ||
adjective | n | - | mark-word (Barnes) | ||
adjunct | n | helpmate, sidekick | - | ||
adjust | vb | set, fit | offstal (cf. Du. afstellen) | ||
administer | vb | wield | bewit | ||
admiral | n | - | fleethelm, fleetleader | ||
admire | vb | - | bewonder | ||
admission | n | - | thwaring | ||
admit | vb | let, let in (of a group), acknowledge | andet (<OE andhetan)
give to (cf. NHG zugeben, Du. toegeven) | ||
admonish | vb | chide, forewarn, upbraid | tell off, man (<OE manian) | ||
adolescence | n | youthhood | - | ||
adolescent | n | youth, youngling, youngster | - | ||
adopt | vb | foster | intake | ||
adoption | n | fostering | intaking | ||
adorable | adj | comely, lovely, looksome | - | ||
adorn | vb | bedeck (Barnes), yare, trim | breen (<OE berenian) | ||
adrenaline | n | - | thringwield | ||
adulation | n | - | hallowing | ||
adult | n | grown-up | fullwaxener | ||
adultery | n | - | wedlock breach | ||
adumbrate | vb | outline | - | ||
advance | vb | forward, further, go (on) | forthgo, wade on | ||
advance | n | headway; breakthrough in advance: beforehand |
forthgoing | ||
advancing | adj | striding | - | ||
advantage | n | high ground, upper-hand | boot, behoof, upside | ||
advantageous | adj | - | behovely | ||
advent | n | coming | - | ||
adventure | n | happening, time; flutter, throw | wayspell (cf. Sw.vågspel) | ||
adventurous | adj | daring, free-swinging, gutsy | - | ||
adverb | n | - | byword (cf. Du. bijwoord, Dn. biord) | ||
adversarial | n | - | thwartsome (Barnes), witherlike | ||
adversary | n | foe, witherling | - | ||
adversity | n | ill, knock, mishap; hardship, hurdle, pitfall | thwartsomeness, hardhap, witherness | ||
adversive | n | - | thwartsome, withersome | ||
advertize | vb | play up | showmede | ||
advice | n | tip | rede (<OE raed) | ||
advise | vb | - | rede, mind | ||
advocacy | n | backing | forspeech (<OE forspæc) | ||
advocate | n | spokesman | forspeaker, midspeaker | ||
advocated | ppt | backed up | forespoken (<OE foresprecan) | ||
aerial | adj | - | loften (<OE lyften) | ||
aerodynamic | adj | streamlined | wind deft, windfit, loftlithe | ||
aerodynamics | n | - | loftcraft (calque Gk.) | ||
aeronaut | n | - | roomfarer (room = space; cf. NHG Raum...) | ||
aerospace | n | - | loftroom | ||
aesthetic | adj | comely, fair | wlitty (<OE wlitig) | ||
affair | n | fling; blowout; handiwork; happening; business | - | ||
affection | n | fondness; illness; leaning; hallmark | child: bairnlove (<OE bearnlufe) | ||
affectionate | adj | loving, warm-hearted | lovesome (Barnes) | ||
affinity | n | leaning | - | ||
affirm | vb | - | foraye (Barnes) | ||
affirmative | adv | aye, yea, so, yes, yeah, yep | yea-some, yea-ly, ayesome | ||
affix | n | - | wordfastening | ||
afflict | vb | ail, smite, dretch | swench (<OE swinc) | ||
affluentce | n | wealth, riches, fat | weal | ||
affluent | adj | wealthy, well-off, well-to-do rich, fat |
- | ||
afraid | adj | aghast, fearful, frightened | afeared | ||
Africa | n | - | Highsun | ||
age | n | - | eld, tide (era) | ||
age | vb | - | eld | ||
aged | adj | elderly, old(en), yore | forolden | ||
agenda | n | to-do-list | worklist (cf. Fr. wurklist) | ||
agglomerate | vb | - | clodden (Barnes) | ||
agglomeration | n | - | swelltown | ||
agglutinate | vb | wordlink | upcleam (Barnes) | ||
aggressive | adj | go-getting | fightsome (Barnes) | ||
aggressor | n | raider | scather | ||
agile | adj | nimble, limber, lithe light-footed, yare |
- | ||
agitate(d) | vb | stir, toss, keyed-up | - | ||
agitation | n | worry | mindfret, ything, seething, churning | ||
agoraphobia | n | - | steadfear | ||
agree | vb | settle on hold with (Barnes) |
thware (<OE þwǽrian) thave (<OE þafian) | ||
agreement | n | deal, meeting of minds | mirth, thwaring, thaving | ||
agrarian | adj | field (Barnes) | - | ||
agriculture | n | farming, tilling, harvest | fieldlore, earth-tilth (Barnes), croplore landwardship (cf. NHG Landwirtschaft) | ||
aid | n | helpmate, sidekick; backing, helping hand, leg up | filst (<OE fylst)
atstall (<OE ætstæl) fultum (<OE fultum/fulteam) | ||
aid | vb | help, bestead | filst (<OE fylstan), andfilst (<OE andfylstan) | ||
aimsome | adj | single-minded (Barnes) | - | ||
AIDS | n | - | Earned Bodyweir Scantness Sickness | ||
aim | n | goal, mark | ettle | ||
aim at | vb | - | eye for, nought in | ||
air | n | - | loft (<OE lyft, cf. NHG Luft, Du. lucht)
life's breath | ||
air force | n | - | loft-weir, loftmight (cf. Du. luchtmacht) | ||
airplane | n | - | flycraft (cf. Du. vliegtuig), loftcraft, flyflack (cf. Fr. flak, Du. vlak 'level, platform') | ||
airport | n | - | lofthub, lofthaven (calque) | ||
aisle | n | - | gangway | ||
alarm clock | n | - | wak(k)er (cf. NHG: Wecker, Du wekker)
wire-waker, wirerooster | ||
alas | interj | alack, ay, woe | welaway, lackaday, alack | ||
albedo | n | - | whiteness (<ME<OE hwitness), whiteshine | ||
albino | n | - | whiteling | ||
album | n | - | whitebook | ||
albumen | n | egg white | egg lime | ||
alcohol | n | booze, firewater | wineghost | ||
alcoholic | adj | boozen | - | ||
alcoholic | n | sot, drunkard, boozen | malt-worm | ||
alert | adj | awake, watchful; heedful, wary; numble, sharp-witted; ready, willing | gleg rathe (<OE rathe) | ||
algorithm | n | - | reckonwrit | ||
alien | n/adj | way-out, fremd, outlandish | unkith | ||
alienate | vb | - | unkithen | ||
alienation | n | unfriendliness | unkithenness | ||
allegory | n | likeness | forlikening (Barnes) | ||
allergy | n | - | overfeeling | ||
alleviate | vb | allay, lighten | - | ||
alley | n | - | narrow lane, footlane, houselane, townlane | ||
alliance | n | bond, tie | sameworking (cf. Du. samenwerking ) | ||
allied | adj | bound, wed | fayed | ||
alligator | n | - | dread athex | ||
alliteration | n | - | staverime, mate-penning (Barnes) | ||
allocate | vb | earmark, let | fordeal | ||
allotment | n | - | fordealing | ||
allow | vb | let (Barnes) leave |
thware (<OE þwárian)
thave (<OE þafian) | ||
allowable | adj | - | leavely, leavesome, thavesome | ||
alloy | n | - | mastling | ||
allude | vb | hint (at) | anent | ||
allure | vb | draw to | span (<OE spanan), adwell | ||
almanac | n | yearbook | - | ||
alphabet | n | ABCs | abecede (<OE) staffhoard, staverow, staffrow (<OE stæfrǣw, Ic. stafrófið, Fa. stavraðið) | ||
alphabet (runic) | n | futhorc | - | ||
altar | n | - | giftboard, worship board glowstead (<OE glédstede) waybed (<OE wigbed) | ||
alter | vb | wend | frother (cf. Fr. feroar, Du veranderen) | ||
altercation | n | flite, brangle, brawl, row, dust-up | - | ||
alternative | adj | other | - | ||
altitude | n | height | highmete, aloftness | ||
altruism | n | selflessness | - | ||
altruistic | adj | selfless, unselfish | - | ||
amaranthus caudatus | n | - | love-lies-bleeding | ||
amass | vb | gather, heap, huddle | mill | ||
amateur | n | greenhorn, beginner, starter | - | ||
ambassador | n | - | rikesboder, landspellsman | ||
amber | n | - | brimstone, glarestone | ||
ambidextrous | vb | two-handed | umberight, umbecrafty, umbehandy
either-handed | ||
ambience | n | mood, feeling | roomfeel | ||
ambiguous | adj | - | twowordy (<OE twiwyrdig), twysided (Barnes)
twymeaning, unsifer, unswotel | ||
ambiguity | n | - | twowordiness | ||
ambivalence | n | - | waver | ||
ambulance | n | - | sickwain crankwain (<NHG Krankenwagen) | ||
ambulant | adj | roving, wandering, wayfaring | - | ||
ambush | n | net, web; waylay (Barnes) | inbush | ||
ameliorate | vb | better | eather | ||
amen | interj |
- |
soothly (<OE soþlice) so be it (used in the early English Reformation), true dat (colloquial), yelayay | ||
America | n | New World |
Markland (<OE mearcland "borderland," cognate to ON markland, the name given by Leif Eriksson to a Labrador shoreline; the element m a r k incidentally shares the same three consonant sounds as A m e r i c a)
Westlands, Redlands | ||
amicable | adj | friendly, hail-fellow-well-met | blithe | ||
amigo | n | friend | - | ||
ammonia | n | - | hartshorn | ||
amnesia | n | blackout | eftmind loss | ||
amoeba | n | - | shapeshifter, slimebrick, slimedeer (cf. Ic. slímdýr), slimewight | ||
amorphous | adj | shapeless | - | ||
amount | n | score, lot, whit, deal (Barnes) | - | ||
amount to | vb | - | eke | ||
amphibian | n | - | shorewight, frogdeer (cf. Ic. froskdýr), frogwight | ||
amphibious | adj | - | two-breathed (Barnes) | ||
amphitheater | n | - | playstow, umbewitstow | ||
amplifier | n | - | forstronger | ||
amplify | vb | - | outbroaden (Barnes) | ||
amplitude | n | breadth, reach, width | - | ||
amputate | n | cut (off) | rend, snithe, forcarve (Barnes) | ||
amusement | n | fun | gamon (<OE) | ||
amusing | adj | delightful | listing | ||
anachronism | n | mistiming (Barnes) | - | ||
anaconda | n | - | whipsnake | ||
anaesthetic | n | - | dwale | ||
anagram | n | - | stavewrixel | ||
anal | adj | bottom | arsely | ||
analgesic | n | - | andwark | ||
analyze | vb | check | forloosen (Barnes) | ||
anarchism | n/adj | - | |||
anarchy | n | lawlessness |
redelacking, rikelessness | ||
anastomosis | n | shunt | - | ||
anathema | n | - | forputting (calque Gk. anathema) | ||
anatomy | n | - | bodylore | ||
ancestor | n | forebear (Barnes) forefather (Barnes) elder, forerunner fore-elder (Barnes) |
foremother
foreolder (cf. Du. voorouder) | ||
ancestry | n | strain, seed, bloodties, house | strind | ||
ancient | adj | hoary, olden, old-time
foreold (Barnes) |
fern (<OE fyrn)
orold (calque of NHG uralt) | ||
andiron | n | - | firegoat | ||
anemometer | n | - | windmeter (Barnes) | ||
anemone | n | - | windrose | ||
angel | n | - | rotherer, errand-ghost (<OE ærendgást) | ||
angle | n | nook, bight, winkle | nookspan, nookwidth | ||
angry | adj | wrathful | - | ||
angular | adj | - | nook-shot, sharp-nooked, straight-edged | ||
anguish | n | wrath | headhell | ||
animal | n | - | deer, wight, wilder, soulend, livle | ||
animate | vb | liven literary: quicken (Barnes) |
beliven besoul (cf. NHG beseelen, Du. bezielen) | ||
anime | n | - | dawnlandish livedrawing | ||
animosity | n | hate(red) | - | ||
annals | n | - | year-bookings | ||
annelid | n | ringworm | - | ||
annihilate | vb | wipe out, be'nothing | fornaughten (Barnes) | ||
anniversary | n | yearday, yeartide (Barnes) | - | ||
anno Domini | adv | in the year of our lord | - | ||
announce | vb | ban, bode, bid, kithe | forthspell, spell out, meld (cf. Du. melden) | ||
annoy | vb | irk (Barnes), nettle | - | ||
annoying | adj | irksome (Barnes) | - | ||
annual | adj | yearly | - | ||
annual | n | yearbook | - | ||
annul | vb | fordo | - | ||
anoint | v | smear | anele | ||
anonym | adj | nameless | - | ||
anorexia | n | - | fastlust | ||
antagonist | n |
fiend, foe |
witherling, gainstander | ||
antarctic | n | southend | - | ||
Antarctica | n | South End | South Hern | ||
antecedence | n | beforemath, foregoing | - | ||
antediluvian | adj | - | foreflood | ||
anterior | adj | foreward; foregoing, former | - | ||
anterior | n | fore, foreside | - | ||
anthem | n | - | folksong (cf. Du volkslied) | ||
anthology | n | reader | fayness | ||
anthropology | n | - | theedlore, manlore, werelore | ||
anti- | n | wither- | gain-, off- | ||
anticipate | vb | foretell, foresee | - | ||
anticlockwise | adj/adv | - | withclockwise, withershins | ||
antics | n | - | odd behaveness, childishness | ||
anticonstitutionally | adv | - | witherlawwritly | ||
antidote | n | - | atterloathe (<ME atterllothe) | ||
antigen | n | - | offweirstuff | ||
antilope | n | - | bloomgoat | ||
antimatter | n | - | gainstuff, unbeing, unstuff | ||
antipathy | n | mislike | - | ||
antiquated | adj | careworn, timestruck | - | ||
antiquity | n | elderliness; hoariness |
afern (OE fyrn 'former, ancient') oldendom, eldern, eldtime, eldness | ||
antisemitism | n | - | jewhate | ||
antiseptic | adj | - | withersmite | ||
anti-statism | n | - |
witherlawwardness | ||
anti-statist | adj | - | witherlawmootish | ||
anti-statist | n | - | leedward witherling | ||
antitoxin | n | - | gainatter | ||
antler | n | - | blowhorn (<OE blōwan) | ||
antonym | n | - | witherword | ||
anulus | n | ring | - | ||
anus | n | asshole | assgang, outgang, settle (OE) | ||
anxiety | n | worry, fear | angness, angens, angs | ||
aorta | n | - | loftleat | ||
apart | adj | cleaved, sundered, shedded | - | ||
apart from | adv | aside | - | ||
apartment | n | flat, room, by-room | - | ||
apathetic | adj | samewise | - | ||
aperture | n | opening, breech | - | ||
apex | n | tip, yop | - | ||
aphid | n | greenfly, blackfly | wortlice | ||
aphrodisiac | n | - | lustdrive | ||
apogee | n | - | hightip | ||
apologise | vb | - | besorrow, forshild (cf. Du. verontschuldigen) | ||
apology | n | - | rueword, sorroword, besaying | ||
apostle | n | - | errander, sendling (cf. NHG 'Sendling'),
fro-sent (Sir John Cheke) | ||
apothecary | n | - | leefwinkle (leef 'medicine', see Ic. lyf) | ||
apparel | n | clothes, wear, threads, weed | glad rags, donnings, step-outs | ||
apparent | adj | seeming | - | ||
apparently | adv/phr | seemingly, at first sight, in name only, on the outside, openly, to the eye |
staringly | ||
appeal | vb | call (upon) | ask, beckon, clepe | ||
appealing | adj | fair | - | ||
appear | vb | show up | tew up (cf. OE ætīwan, ætywan), forshine (cf. Du. verschijnen) | ||
appearance | n |
blee, look, cast |
leer | ||
appease | vb | allay | frithen | ||
appellation | n | name | - | ||
appendage | n | outgrowth | - | ||
appendicitis | n | - | blindgut addle | ||
appendix | n | - | organ: blindgut blindtharm (cf. Fr. blineterm, NHG Blinddarm) book: tack-on | ||
appetite | n | craving, hunger | - | ||
appetizer | n | starter | - | ||
application | n | bearing, putting-on | - | ||
apply | vb | beseech | - | ||
appoint | vb | afix, set up, earmark, deem, settle, name | wend out | ||
apprehension | n | foreboding, misgiving | - | ||
apprentice | n | - | learnend | ||
approach | vb | near, nigh
draw near to, come forth |
atgang (<OE ætgangan), atstep (<OE ætsteppan)
nighletch (<OE neahlæcan) | ||
approaching | adj | nearing, forthcoming, upcoming, oncoming | nighleching | ||
appropriate | adj | befitting, fitting, seemly, meet | roadly (cf. OE geradlic) | ||
(be) appropriate | vb | befit, beseem, behoove | - | ||
approximate | adj | rough, near | - | ||
approximately | adv | about, roughly, nearly, nigh | umbe | ||
appurtenance | n | - | sidemarking, nethermark | ||
April | n | - | Eastermonth | ||
apron | n | - | barmcloth | ||
apt | adj | fit | deeve (<OE defe), eroadly (<OE geradlic) | ||
aquaculture | n | fish-farming | - | ||
aqualung | n | waterlung | - | ||
aquamarine | adj | seagreen | - | ||
aquarium | n | - | fishglass | ||
aquatic | adj | waterly | - | ||
aqueduct | n | - | waterleat | ||
aqueous | adj | water like, water bearing | - | ||
arable | adj | - | ploughsome | ||
arachnid | n | - | eight-legger | ||
arboreal | adj | - | treewise | ||
arbitrary | adj | - | fallenly (cf. Du. toeval) willkeirly (<OE willa + cyre 'choice' + 'līc) | ||
arboretum | n | - | treestead | ||
arc | n | bow | - | ||
archaeology | n | - | delvelore, fernfrod (cf. Ic. fornleifafræði) | ||
archaeopterix | n | - | stoneset orfowl (cf. NHG Urvogel) stonelayed oldenwing | ||
archangel | n | - | high-ghost | ||
archer | n | bowman | bowyer, shooter (<OE scytta) | ||
archery | n | - | bowcraft | ||
archipelago | n | - | itune (<OE ieg 'island' + tun) | ||
architecture | n | framework, shell | orshafting | ||
architrave | n | - | silebeam | ||
arctic | adj | - | bear- (Ursa Minor), far-northern | ||
arctic | n | Land of the Midnight Sun | northend | ||
ardour | n | keenness, lust | hotheartedness (<OE hatheortnes) | ||
area | n | land, landspan, swathe | field of knowledge: breadth | ||
argent | n | silver | - | ||
Argentina | n | - | Silverland | ||
arguable | adj | moot | sakebere | ||
argue | vb | flite, wrestle, squabble, wrangle, bicker, tilt | sake (<OE sacan) | ||
argument | n | flite | rake (<OE racu) | ||
aridity | n | drought, dryness | rainlack, dryth | ||
aristocrat | n | blue-blood | rikeborn, richard | ||
aristocratic | adj | full-blooded, highborn, highbred | rikeborn, richborn, athelborn | ||
arithmetic | n | - | telcraft (<OE getælcræft) | ||
arm | vb | - | beweapon | ||
arm | n | - | handweapon | ||
armadillo | n | - | shieldling
girdledeer (cf. NHG Gürteltier, Du. gordeldier) | ||
armistice | n | truce | - | ||
armour | n | shield | shieldwear, helmcladding
heraweed (< OE herewǣde) | ||
army | n | - |
hera, landfyrd, dright, drightfolk, weremight, herafolk, ganghera (foot men) thrim (<OE þrymm; cf. MnE trim) | ||
Arnemuiden (NL) | n | - |
Ernemouth (< ME[1]; Cf. Zeelandish Erremu, Erremuje 'Arnemuiden') | ||
aroma | n | smell | duft | ||
around | prep/adj/adv | about | umb dialectal (<OE ymb) | ||
arouse | vb | stir, awake, arear | - | ||
arrange | vb |
fix, set, settle; draw up, lay out |
stight, berede (cf. OE geradian) | ||
arrangement | n | layout | - | ||
array | vb | lay out, set out | - | ||
arrest | vb | nab, avast | - | ||
arrive at | vb | reach, come upon, get to | oncome (<OE ancuman) | ||
arrogant | adj | proud, highhanded overbearing, overweening |
wlonk (<OE wlank) | ||
arsenal | n | - | weaponhoard | ||
arsonist | n | - | firestarter | ||
art | n | craft | list (calque) | ||
artery | n | - | loftblood adder | ||
artesian | adj | - | thringrising | ||
arthritis | n | - | lithbulge (cf. Ic. Liðbólga) | ||
article | n | thing | writ grammar: lithword (cf. Du. lidwoord) | ||
artificial | adj | manmade, craftly | - | ||
artillery | n | gunware | - | ||
artisan | n | craftsman, wright, handyman | - | ||
artistry | n | craft, deftness | - | ||
Asatru(ar) (maður) | n | - | Esetroth(er), Ostroth(er) | ||
asbestos | n | - | thrumstone, stone-flax, earthflax | ||
ascend | vb | climb, stigh/sty | - | ||
Ascension Day | n | - | Gang-Day (<OE gangdæg) | ||
ascent | n | upgoing | - | ||
asexual | n | - | swiveless | ||
Asia | n | the East | easterngreatland | ||
Asian (race) | n | yellow (vulgar slang) | Eastern, Far-Eastern | ||
asparagus | n | sparrowgrass | - | ||
asphalt | n | - | streettar | ||
assail | vb | scathe lay into col.; raid, storm | - | ||
assassin | n | hitman, murderer | - | ||
assault | n | onset, onrush | - | ||
assemble | vb | cleave, gather, huddle, ban frame, build, set up |
samen (<OE samnian, cf. ON samna, NHG sammeln, Du. zamelen) | ||
assembly | n | ingathering, meeting; church; get-together, huddle |
moot samening (<OE samnung), leedsteven (<OE léodstefn) | ||
asset | n | holding | - | ||
assiduous | adj | hopping, tied-up, working | workfast | ||
assign | vb | allot, deed, trust | - | ||
assimilate | vb | - | inblend, upnim (cf. NHG. aufnehmen) | ||
assist | vb | help, bestead, prop up | filst (<OE fylstan) | ||
assistance | n | help, backing, helping hand, lift | filst (<OE fylst)
midhelp (<OE midhelp), atstall (<OE ætstæl) fultum (<OE fultum), byhelp (cf. NHG Beihilfe) | ||
assistant | n | helper |
filstend (<OE fylstend) atstandand (<OE ætstandend) | ||
association | n | hookup, linkup, tie-up; brotherhood, guild, club, fellowship | underbind forband (cf. NHG Verband) | ||
assume | vb | deem; foreguess, bear, shoulder, undertake |
huy, hedge (<OE hycgan 'bear in mind, confide, trust') smigh (<OE smēagan 'consider think about mediate examine scrutinize') ween, behowe (<OE behawian), ettle (<OE eahtian) | ||
aster | n | - | starbloom | ||
asterisk | n | star | starling | ||
asteroid | n | - | roomrock, rock wanderer | ||
asthma | n | - | angbreast (<OE angbreost) | ||
astonish | vb | astound, dumbfound, amaze bewilder, bewonder,startle |
- | ||
astonishing | adj | amazing, astounding, blindsiding, eye-opening startling; stunning, wonderful |
bewondering | ||
astral | adj | - | rotherly (OE rodor) | ||
astrology | n | starcraft | tungle sway, tungleshed (<OE tungolgescead) | ||
astronaut | n | - | roomfarer | ||
astronomy | n | - | roomlore | ||
astute | adj | shrewd, cunning, sharp quick-witted |
yepe (<OE geap) | ||
asylum | n | haven, madhouse | - | ||
asymptote | n | - | ameetend | ||
atavism | n | throwback | - | ||
atelier | n | workshop | - | ||
atheist | adj | godless | liefless, unliefsome, ungodsome | ||
-ative | suffix | - | -ingly | ||
atlas | n | - | land book | ||
atmosphere | n | - | welkin, lofthelm (<OE lyfthelm) | ||
atom | n | - | formote, uncleft | ||
atrocious | adj | frightful; rotten | - | ||
atrophy | n | withering, dying, waning | - | ||
attack | n | onslaught, onset, onrush, strike | hildrush, onshot | ||
attack | vb | raid, rush, strike | - | ||
attain | vb | reach | - | ||
attempt | n | bid, crash, fling, go , shot, whack, whirl | cunning, fanding, minting | ||
attempt | vb | seek | cun (<OE cunnian), fand, mint | ||
attend | vb | hearken, mind; care, oversee, watch | - | ||
attendant | n | steward | thew, theen, atstandand (<OE ætstandend) | ||
attention | n | heed, mind | bemarkening | ||
attest | vb | witness; swear; bear out | - | ||
attic | n | loft | thackroom | ||
attire | n | cladding | - | ||
attitude | n | standing, outlook | installing (cf. Du. instelling) | ||
attorney | n | lawyer | - | ||
attract | vb | draw, draw in |
span (<OE spannan), adwell (<OE adwellan) | ||
attractive | adj | comely, fair, good looking, handsome | wlitty (<OE wlitig) | ||
attribute | n | ownship | - | ||
aubergine | n | - | eggwort | ||
audacious | adj | daring, bold, ballsy, fearless, unafeared, cheeky, dare-all, dareful, unfearing, reckless stoor |
thriste | ||
audacity | n | gall, guts, mettle hardihood, hardiness boldness, balls |
- | ||
audible | adj | - | hearly, hearsome | ||
audience | n | hearing, listeners | - | ||
augment | vb | eke | bemore | ||
August | n | - | Weedmonth | ||
aunt | n | - | father's sister: fathe (<OE Faðe or Faðu) mother's sister: Modrey, Mothrey (<OE Modrige or Modrie) | ||
aurora | n |
dawning, daylight |
- | ||
aurora borealis | n | northern lights | - | ||
aurum | n | gold | yellow dust | ||
auscultation | n | harkening | lossening (<OE hlosnian: to listen wait be on the lookout for) | ||
austere | adj | - | yarewit | ||
austerity | n | hardliness | tighthold | ||
Australia | n | - |
Andland (cf. H Ic. proposal 'Andland,' found here ) | ||
author | n | writer | bookwright | ||
authority | n | shark; death grip | elderdom (<OE ealdordóm)
lorowdom, learnedom (<OE láréowdóm) swinge | ||
auto- | pref | self- | - | ||
autodidact | adj | self-taught | - | ||
automaker | n | wainwright | - | ||
automatic | adj |
knee-jerk gunning: self-loading, half-tilt, full-tilt |
machinery: self-working | ||
autonomy | n | - | selflaw | ||
autonym | n | selfname | - | ||
autopsy | n | - | open bodychecking | ||
autumn | n | fall | till, harvest | ||
auxiliary | adj | backup, fallback | eke
helpand (cf. Du. helpend, NHG helfend) | ||
avail | vb | - | dow (< archaic NE dow < ME duʒen < OE dugan; cf. Sc. dow )
frim, miling | ||
available | adj | free, in stock, at hand | - | ||
avalanche | n | snowslide | bergfall, fellfall | ||
avant garde | n | forhead | - | ||
avarice | n | - | yetsing (<OE gitsung) | ||
avatar | n | - | fleshbilth | ||
avenge | vb | wreak | - | ||
average | adj | mean, middling | evenscore | ||
avert | vb | forestall, head off, stave off | mithe, forecome, offwend, umbewend (redirect) | ||
aviary | n | birdhouse | - | ||
aviator | n | birdman, flyer | loftman, rotherer | ||
avid | adj | eager | - | ||
avoid | vb | miss, shun, ware | mithe, forecome | ||
avow | vb | swear, trow, own | yea-say | ||
award | vb | bestow | - | ||
axis | n | axle | - | ||
azimuth | n | - | south hern (cf. Ic. Attarhorn) | ||
azure | adj | - | swail blue |