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{{Wordbook Head | staff = A }} |
{{Wordbook Head | staff = A }} |
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− | {| style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background:transparent; border: 1px #cccccc solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |
+ | {| style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background:transparent; border: 1px #cccccc solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" |
| rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Chancery English ''' |
| rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Chancery English ''' |
||
| rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Class''' |
| rowspan="2" align="center" |'''Class''' |
||
| colspan="3" align="center" |'''Anglish/English''' |
| colspan="3" align="center" |'''Anglish/English''' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | align="center" |'''Attested |
+ | | align="center" |'''Attested''' |
− | | align="center" |'''Unattested |
+ | | align="center" |'''Unattested''' |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''a |
+ | |'''a cappella''' |
− | |'' |
+ | |''avb/adj'' |
+ | |singing |
||
− | | |
||
− | |mouthglee, mouthly |
+ | |loneglee, [[mouthglee|mouthglee,]] mouthly |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''a la carte''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |by-the-list |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''a la mode''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | |trendy, running, (beef) cooked with wine |
||
+ | |nowen, (beef) wine-stewed, (pie) with ice salve |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aardvark''' |
|'''aardvark''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|ant bear, ant-bear, antbear |
|ant bear, ant-bear, antbear |
||
− | |earthpig, earthswine, earthfarrow |
+ | |[[earthpig]], earthswine, earthfarrow |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''abacus''' |
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |[[reckonboard]] (cf. NHG Rechenbrett) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''abandon (non-Germanic prefix)''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
| |
| |
||
− | shed, forgo, forsake (Barnes)<br />give up, forget |
+ | shed, forgo, forsake (Barnes)<br />give up, forget, let go of |
| |
| |
||
− | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forlet forlet] ''UK dialectal'' ~ cf. Fr. ferlitte, Du. verlaten, Nw. forlate, NHG verlassen) of-give, up-give, forleave, forlese, unget |
+ | forban (cf. O.Frank. *ban (bor. OF ''à bandon), ''cf. OE bannan. In Anglish, the calque of ''abandon'', ''at ban'', would mean "at jurisdiction," making it a false friend), [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forlet forlet] (''UK dialectal'' ~ cf. OE forlǣtan, Fr. ferlitte, Du. verlaten, Nw. forlate, NHG verlassen) of-give, up-give, forleave, forlese, unget |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''abandon''' |
+ | |'''abandon (non-Germanic prefix)''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |wantonness, recklessness |
+ | |1:wantonness, recklessness. |
+ | 2: forsaking |
||
− | | overgive |
||
+ | | 1:[[overgive]], with-ban |
||
+ | 2:forban |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''abandonment''' |
+ | |'''abandonment (non-Germanic prefix & suffix)''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | forsaking |
+ | | forsaking, forgoing |
− | |shedding |
+ | |shedding, forbanning |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''abandoned (non-Germanic prefix)''' |
||
+ | |''adj/vb'' |
||
+ | |left behind, forsaken, forgotten, forgone |
||
+ | |forbanned, forlet, forleft, forleased, ungotten |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abase''' |
|'''abase''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |cheapen, warp; shame, sink, belittle |
+ | |cheapen, warp; shame, sink, belittle, lay low, fell, drop |
|unar, anether |
|unar, anether |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|'''abate''' |
|'''abate''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |drain away, drop off, dwindle, ease, ebb fall |
+ | |drain away, drop off, dwindle, ease, ebb, fall away, lessen, let up, lower, shrink, wane |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|'''abbess''' |
|'''abbess''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | |
+ | | mother |
| overmother |
| overmother |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abbreviation''' |
|'''abbreviation''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | short for, shorthand |
||
− | | - |
||
− | | forshortening |
+ | | offshortening, forshortening, shortening, shortshape, shortstaving |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abdicate''' |
|'''abdicate''' |
||
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|'''abdomen''' |
|'''abdomen''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
− | |midriff, belly |
||
− | | kite, quith (<OE cwiþ) riff (<OE hrif) |
+ | | kite, quith (<'''OE''' cwiþ) riff (<'''OE''' hrif) |
[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bouk bouk] (Eng., ''calque of all Ger. speeches'') |
[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bouk bouk] (Eng., ''calque of all Ger. speeches'') |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|'''aberrant''' |
|'''aberrant''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |black-sheep |
+ | |black-sheep, weird |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aberration''' |
|'''aberration''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | freak, way-outness |
||
− | | - |
||
| unfollowing |
| unfollowing |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|goad, spur, hearten |
|goad, spur, hearten |
||
− | | fuse (<ME fusen) |
+ | | fuse (<'''ME''' fusen) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abhor''' |
|'''abhor''' |
||
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|'''ability''' |
|'''ability''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |skill, might, craft, knack |
+ | |skill, might, craft, ken, cunning, knack<br />''in-born:'' mother-wit |
+ | | formay (cf. Du. vermogen) |
||
− | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abject''' |
|'''abject''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
| low |
| low |
||
− | |heanly (<OE heanlic), downcast (Barnes) |
+ | |heanly (<'''OE''' heanlic), downcast (Barnes) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abjure''' |
|'''abjure''' |
||
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|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |atbraidingly, shiftfall (<Ic. skiftafall) |
+ | |atbraidingly, shiftfall (<'''Ic'''. skiftafall) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ablaut''' |
|'''ablaut''' |
||
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|'''-able''' |
|'''-able''' |
||
|''sfx'' |
|''sfx'' |
||
− | | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-worthy#English -worthy] |
+ | | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-worthy#English -worthy], -some, -bearing, -ly, -wende |
| |
| |
||
-endly/-ingly, -cannish, -canny |
-endly/-ingly, -cannish, -canny |
||
− | -worth (<OE -wierþe) |
+ | -worth, (<'''OE''' -wierþe) |
− | - |
+ | -bear, -beare (cf. OE -bære, Fr. -ber, NHG -bar) |
− | |||
− | -some |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''able to''' |
|'''able to''' |
||
|''phr'' |
|''phr'' |
||
+ | |can, may, to be canny enough, to be cunning enough, up to |
||
− | |can, may, |
||
− | to be canny enough, |
||
− | |||
− | to be cunning enough |
||
|dow to, skilled to |
|dow to, skilled to |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|'''abolish''' |
|'''abolish''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |black out, stamp out, sweep away, wipe out |
+ | |end, let die out, die off, stop;<br />quench, black out, stamp out, sweep away, wipe out |
| |
| |
||
− | fordo, forend, adiley (<OE ādīlegian) |
+ | fordo, forend, adiley (<'''OE''' ādīlegian) |
offship (cf. NHG abschaffen) |
offship (cf. NHG abschaffen) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abominable''' |
|'''abominable''' |
||
− | |'' |
+ | |''adj'' |
− | | |
+ | |awful, dreadful, evil, loathsome, sickening |
− | |shandful (<OE scandful, cf. NGH/Du. schandvoll), slithely, besmearful, wargedly (<OE) |
+ | |shandful (<'''OE''' scandful, cf. NGH/Du. schandvoll), slithely, besmearful, wargedly (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aboriginal''' |
|'''aboriginal''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |inborn |
+ | |inborn, dwelt before |
− | | |
+ | |firstfolkish, orfolkly (see or- ) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aborigine''' |
|'''aborigine''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | | orfolk (OE or 'origin') firstfolk |
+ | | orfolk (OE or 'origin') firstfolk, beginner-folk, (see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/or-#English or-] ) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abort''' |
|'''abort''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |lay off, call off |
+ | |lay off, call off, end |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|misbirth |
|misbirth |
||
− | | forbirthing, awaywarpness (<OE) |
+ | | forbirthing, awaywarpness (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abound''' |
|'''abound''' |
||
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|'''abridge''' |
|'''abridge''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |cut back, forshorten, cut |
+ | |cut back, forshorten, cut |
− | |littlen (<OE) |
+ | |littlen (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abrupt''' |
|'''abrupt''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | | quick, fast, steep |
+ | | anon, at once, quick, fast, steep |
− | |shorn (<OE scoren) |
+ | |shorn (<'''OE''' scoren) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abscess''' |
|'''abscess''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| swelling |
| swelling |
||
+ | | atterboil (cf. NHG Eiterbeule, Du. etterbuil) |
||
− | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abscond''' |
|'''abscond''' |
||
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| |
| |
||
time off, lack, needfulness, want; dearth |
time off, lack, needfulness, want; dearth |
||
− | |offwardness (<OE) |
+ | |offwardness (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''absent''' |
|'''absent''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |missing, wanting |
+ | |missing, wanting, out |
− | |offward (<OE) |
+ | |offward (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''absenteeism''' |
|'''absenteeism''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | how often out |
||
− | | - |
||
|offwardness |
|offwardness |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|'''absinthe''' |
|'''absinthe''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |wormwood |
+ | |wormwood drink |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''absolute''' |
|'''absolute''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
+ | | unanswering, answering to none, God-king |
||
− | | |
||
− | outright, utter, full, rank |
+ | outright, utter, full, rank, checkless (Barnes) |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|'''absorb''' |
|'''absorb''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |drink, soak up, suck up, take up; grip; burn, drain, draw down, play out |
+ | |drink, soak, sop, soak in, soak up, suck up, take up; grip; burn, drain, draw down, play out |
− | |bedrink (<OE bedrincan)<br />up-soak, forsoak (Barnes) |
+ | |bedrink (<'''OE''' bedrincan)<br />up-soak, forsoak (Barnes) |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''abstain''' |
+ | |'''abstain (from)''' |
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|forbear (Barnes), forego<br />withhold, hold back |
|forbear (Barnes), forego<br />withhold, hold back |
||
+ | swear off |
||
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |forbearing, forhaveness (<OE forhæfnes) |
+ | |forbearing, forhaveness (<'''OE''' forhæfnes) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abstract''' |
|'''abstract''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |withdraw, take from, pull out |
+ | |withdraw, take from, pull out, seethe out |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abstract''' |
|'''abstract''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
+ | | dreamlike, foggy, floating |
||
− | | - |
||
− | |fallenly |
+ | |fallenly, unbodied |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abstract''' |
|'''abstract''' |
||
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|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|wealth, lot |
|wealth, lot |
||
− | |fullsomeness (<OE) |
+ | |fullsomeness (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abundant''' |
|'''abundant''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |teeming, swarming |
+ | |teeming, swarming, overflowing, fulsome, rife, fat, thick, awash |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abuse''' |
|'''abuse''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |scathe, mishandle |
+ | |scathe, mishandle, smite, strike, harm, wound |
− | |hean (<OE hienan), smittle, misbrook |
+ | |hean (<'''OE''' hienan), smittle, misbrook |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abysmal''' |
|'''abysmal''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | | |
+ | |lowest, at bottom, deep, hellish, in the hole, hopeless, dreadful<br />2. fathomless, bottomless |
|netherly, unfathomly |
|netherly, unfathomly |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''abyss''' |
|'''abyss''' |
||
+ | | |
||
− | |''n'' |
||
− | |1. hell<br /> |
+ | |1. hell<br /> |
+ | 2. depth, ground, deep, pit, netherworld |
||
− | | newel (<OE neowol) |
||
+ | |newel (<'''OE''' neowol) |
||
offground (cf. NGH. Abgrund, Du. Afgrond) |
offground (cf. NGH. Abgrund, Du. Afgrond) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |learnedom, loredom, frod (<OE) |
+ | |learnedom, loredom, frod (<'''OE'''),<br />lorekeep, brainhall, highspire, bookborough, mindthralldom |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''academic''' or '''academik''' |
|'''academic''' or '''academik''' |
||
|''n/adj'' |
|''n/adj'' |
||
− | |highbrow, book-learned |
+ | |highbrow, book-learned, bookish |
|moot, booksome, lorewise, mighty-brained<br />''n'': loreman |
|moot, booksome, lorewise, mighty-brained<br />''n'': loreman |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''açaí''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |koleberry |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''accede''' |
|'''accede''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |''agree:'' thware (<OE) |
+ | |''agree:'' thware (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''accelerate''' |
|'''accelerate''' |
||
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|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| speeding up |
| speeding up |
||
− | | yareness |
+ | | yareness, swifteness |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''accent''' |
|'''accent''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | twang, drawl, sound |
||
− | | - |
||
| tungfall (cf. Du. tongval ), word-strain (Barnes) |
| tungfall (cf. Du. tongval ), word-strain (Barnes) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|swallow, trust; bear, shoulder; intake (Barnes) |
|swallow, trust; bear, shoulder; intake (Barnes) |
||
| |
| |
||
− | thave, thware (<OE þwarian 'to bring into agreement, make harmonious') |
+ | thave, thware (<'''OE''' þwarian 'to bring into agreement, make harmonious') |
− | ontake, onfang (<OE onfon) |
+ | ontake, onfang (<'''OE''' onfon) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''acceptable''' |
|'''acceptable''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | | all right, |
+ | | all right, fair, good |
− | |thwaringly, thewsome |
+ | |thwaringly, thewsome, |
+ | quemely (<OE ''cwēmlīċ)'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''access''' |
|'''access''' |
||
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|'''accompany''' |
|'''accompany''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | | go with, follow |
+ | | go with, follow, see off |
| |
| |
||
− | beglide (cf. Du. begeleiden, NHG begleiten), samodsithe (<OE samodsīðian) |
+ | beglide (cf. Du. begeleiden, NHG begleiten), samodsithe (<'''OE''' samodsīðian) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''accomplish''' |
|'''accomplish''' |
||
|''vb phr'' |
|''vb phr'' |
||
|fulfill, sow up, bring about, reach |
|fulfill, sow up, bring about, reach |
||
+ | | fulcome (<'''ME''' [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary/MED17892/track?counter=1&search_id=3822820 ful-cǒmen]) |
||
− | | - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''accomplishment''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |bringing(s)-forth; Shakespeare |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''accord''' |
|'''accord''' |
||
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|'''according to''' |
|'''according to''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |as of, by |
+ | |as of, by, true to |
+ | quoth |
||
|nigh (cf. NHG nach), after, following ''(calque)'' |
|nigh (cf. NHG nach), after, following ''(calque)'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''account''' |
|'''account''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |ledger, reckoning |
+ | |ledger, reckoning, log |
− | | reckoning (cf. Du. rekening, Fr. rekken) |
+ | | reckoning (cf. Du. rekening, Fr. rekken), reckonbook, reckonreme (reme - number) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''account of''' |
|'''account of''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |witness ''(give)'' |
+ | | take of, witness ''(give)'' |
| forof ''(on)'' |
| forof ''(on)'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|right on, spot-on |
|right on, spot-on |
||
− | |swotel (<OE sweotol) |
+ | |swotel (<'''OE''' sweotol) |
narrowcore (calque of Du. nauwkeurig, narrow - core 'choice') |
narrowcore (calque of Du. nauwkeurig, narrow - core 'choice') |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''accusation''' |
|'''accusation''' |
||
|''noun'' |
|''noun'' |
||
− | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bewrayment#English bewrayment] |
+ | |bewraying (cf. Eng. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bewrayment#English bewrayment]) |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
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|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
− | |wrayingly (<OE wregendlic) |
+ | |wrayingly (<'''OE''' wregendlic) |
end-case (Barnes) |
end-case (Barnes) |
||
+ | tholfall (cf. Ic. þolfall) |
||
− | whonefall (<OE hwone, the accusative of "hwæt", refer to German "wen" and "Wenfall") |
||
+ | |||
+ | whonefall (<'''OE''' hwone, the accusative of "hwæt", refer to German "wen" and "Wenfall") |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''accuse''' |
|'''accuse''' |
||
Line 486: | Line 519: | ||
atwite |
atwite |
||
− | fromtyghtle (<OE |
+ | fromtyghtle (<'''OE''' frumtyhtle,<br />originally meaning first accusation) |
− | ''falsely:''< |
+ | ''falsely:''<br />forwray (<'''OE''' forwregan) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''accustom''' |
|'''accustom''' |
||
Line 509: | Line 542: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|sourghost |
|sourghost |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''achievement''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |bringing(s)-forth; Shakespeare |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''acid''' |
|'''acid''' |
||
Line 532: | Line 570: | ||
|'''acquaint''' |
|'''acquaint''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |befriend |
+ | |befriend, get to know |
− | |ken (<OE cunnan (“to become acquainted with, to know”)) |
+ | |ken (<'''OE''' cunnan (“to become acquainted with, to know”)) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''acquaintance''' |
|'''acquaintance''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |friend, neighbor |
+ | |friend, neighbor, kith |
|kenning |
|kenning |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 543: | Line 581: | ||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|bow |
|bow |
||
− | | thave (<OE) |
+ | | thave (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''acquire''' |
|'''acquire''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|earn, foster, get, win |
|earn, foster, get, win |
||
− | |beget (<OE) |
+ | |beget (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''acquisition''' |
|'''acquisition''' |
||
Line 563: | Line 601: | ||
|'''acropolis''' |
|'''acropolis''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | high town, upper town, show town |
||
− | | - |
||
+ | | highborough, highbury |
||
− | |highburg |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''across''' |
|'''across''' |
||
Line 573: | Line 611: | ||
|'''act''' |
|'''act''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |deed, work, play |
+ | |deed, work, play, behaving |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''act''' |
|'''act''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |do, work |
+ | |do, work, behave, happen |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''action''' |
|'''action''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |deed (Barnes), doing, work |
+ | |deed (Barnes), doing, work,<br />do (as, 'all talk and no do'), liveliness, behaving, happening |
− | | |
+ | | ishown (<'''OE''' ġescēon, cf. NHG Geschehen) |
dodrive |
dodrive |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''activate''' |
||
+ | |''vb'' |
||
+ | | switch on |
||
+ | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''active''' |
|'''active''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |snell, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deedy deedy]; mettlesome, springy; hopping, tied-up |
+ | | switched on, snell, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deedy deedy];<br />mettlesome, springy; hopping, tied-up, unruly |
|ongoing, doingsome (Barnes), doughty,<br />sprack (Barnes) |
|ongoing, doingsome (Barnes), doughty,<br />sprack (Barnes) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''activist''' |
|'''activist''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | backer, upholder, fighter, |
+ | |browbeater, henpecker, backer, upholder, fighter, diehard,<br /> |
+ | wrangler, arm-bender, bully, busybody, blusterer |
||
− | | - |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''actor |
+ | |'''actor/actress''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | |
+ | |player, showman |
− | | |
+ | |showplayer [cf. NHG Schauspieler(in)] |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''actual''' |
|'''actual''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
+ | |sooth, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soothfast#Adjective soothfast], true |
||
− | |sooth, true |
||
− | |nowly |
+ | |new, nowly |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''actually''' |
|'''actually''' |
||
Line 611: | Line 655: | ||
|indeed, truly, soothly, forsooth, truthfully, |
|indeed, truly, soothly, forsooth, truthfully, |
||
all in all, truth to tell, word for word |
all in all, truth to tell, word for word |
||
− | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workly workly], echtly (see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/echt#German echt]), wittedly (<OE) |
+ | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workly workly], echtly (see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/echt#German echt]), wittedly (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''acupuncture''' |
|'''acupuncture''' |
||
Line 625: | Line 669: | ||
|'''A.D.''' |
|'''A.D.''' |
||
|''adv'' |
|''adv'' |
||
+ | | in the year of our lord |
||
− | | - |
||
|Y.L. |
|Y.L. |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 635: | Line 679: | ||
|'''adamant''' |
|'''adamant''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |unyielding, unswayed |
+ | |unyielding, unswayed, loud |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 650: | Line 694: | ||
|'''add''' |
|'''add''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
+ | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fay#English fay], eke |
||
− | |eke |
||
+ | ''"fay to this wordbook!"'' |
||
| reckon up, put on, onput (Barnes), at-eke (OE) |
| reckon up, put on, onput (Barnes), at-eke (OE) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 657: | Line 702: | ||
|cast up, tally up |
|cast up, tally up |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''addict''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |soughtier (cf. NHG Süchtiger) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''addicted''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |soughty (cf. NHG süchtig) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''addiction''' |
|'''addiction''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|craving, yearning |
|craving, yearning |
||
− | | sought (<ME soght cf. NHG Sucht) |
+ | | sought (<'''ME''' soght cf. NHG Sucht) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''addition''' |
|'''addition''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |faying |
||
− | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|togive |
|togive |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 686: | Line 741: | ||
|'''address''' |
|'''address''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | |
+ | | link |
− | |sitline (<OE: asittan 'to live together'), callword |
+ | |sitline (<'''OE''': asittan 'to live together'), callword |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adept''' |
|'''adept''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |skillful, skilled, good, deft |
+ | |skillful, skilled, good, deft, cunning |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 701: | Line 756: | ||
|'''adhere''' |
|'''adhere''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |cling, stick, cleave to, follow, stand by |
+ | |cling, stick, cleave to,<br />follow, stand by |
− | |at-cleave (<OE)<br />oncleave (Barnes) |
+ | |at-cleave (<'''OE''')<br />oncleave (Barnes) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adherence to good morals''' |
|'''adherence to good morals''' |
||
Line 711: | Line 766: | ||
|'''adherent''' |
|'''adherent''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |follower |
+ | |follower, stalwart |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 717: | Line 772: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|overweight |
|overweight |
||
− | | |
+ | | fat |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adjacent''' |
|'''adjacent''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |near, next, neighboring |
+ | |near, next, neighboring, beside, by |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 736: | Line 791: | ||
|'''adjust''' |
|'''adjust''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |set, fit |
+ | |set, fit, gear |
| forstell (cf. NHG/Du. verstellen) |
| forstell (cf. NHG/Du. verstellen) |
||
(see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stell stell]) |
(see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stell stell]) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''admonish''' |
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
− | |wield, deal, lot, |
||
+ | |formone (cf. Du. vermanen) |
||
− | |bewit |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''administer''' |
||
+ | | ''vb'' |
||
+ | | wield, deal, lot, begive |
||
+ | | bewit |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''administration''' |
||
+ | | ''n'' |
||
+ | | dealing, shire, begiveness |
||
+ | | shiredom, shirecraft,rikedom |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''admiral''' |
|'''admiral''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |fleethelm, fleetleader |
+ | |fleethelm, fleetleader, fleetwielder (wielder < OE walda) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''admire''' |
|'''admire''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | | look up to |
+ | | look up to |
− | | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bewonder bewonder] |
+ | | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bewonder bewonder], Belook |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''admission''' |
|'''admission''' |
||
Line 766: | Line 831: | ||
''confess:'' own up |
''confess:'' own up |
||
− | |andet (<OE andhetan) |
+ | |andet (<'''OE''' andhetan) |
give to (cf. NHG zugeben, Du. toegeven) |
give to (cf. NHG zugeben, Du. toegeven) |
||
''confess: ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beknow beknow] (Eng.) |
''confess: ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beknow beknow] (Eng.) |
||
+ | |||
+ | ''sense to join a club, society, admit to hospital, etc: ''Instep, Onsend, Tosend, Intake |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''admonish''' |
|'''admonish''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|chide, forewarn, upbraid, warn |
|chide, forewarn, upbraid, warn |
||
− | | tell off, man (<OE manian) |
+ | | tell off, man (<'''OE''' manian) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adolescence''' |
|'''adolescence''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |youthhood |
+ | |youthhood, growing up |
+ | | teenhood |
||
− | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adolescent''' |
|'''adolescent''' |
||
Line 788: | Line 855: | ||
|'''adopt''' |
|'''adopt''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |take on, follow; take in, mother, rear, foster, bring up, take care of |
+ | |take on, follow; take in,<br />mother, rear, foster,<br />bring up, take care of |
|intake |
|intake |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 798: | Line 865: | ||
|'''adorable''' |
|'''adorable''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |comely, lovely, looksome |
+ | |comely, lovely, looksome, dear, sweet |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adorn''' |
|'''adorn''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | | |
+ | |bedight, bedeck, yare, trim, bedizen |
| |
| |
||
− | breen (<OE berenian) |
+ | breen (<'''OE''' berenian) |
− | + | with precious ''stones'':<br />astean (<'''OE''' āstæna āstænan) |
|
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adrenaline''' |
|'''adrenaline''' |
||
Line 822: | Line 889: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|grown-up |
|grown-up |
||
− | | |
+ | |fulwaxener ''(see Eng. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/waxen#Middle_English waxen]), ''waxen |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''adulthood''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |waxenhood |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adultery''' |
|'''adultery''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |wedlock breach, wedbreach, bedswerving. 2. forlairness (<'''OS''' Farlegarnessi; ''see OE [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leger#Old_English leġer]'') |
||
− | |wedlock breach |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adumbrate''' |
|'''adumbrate''' |
||
Line 838: | Line 910: | ||
|make inroads, forward, further, go (on) |
|make inroads, forward, further, go (on) |
||
''trans. ''put forth |
''trans. ''put forth |
||
− | |forthgo, wade on |
+ | |forthgo, forespring, wade on |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''advance''' |
|'''advance''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|inroads, headway; breakthrough<br />''in advance:'' beforehand |
|inroads, headway; breakthrough<br />''in advance:'' beforehand |
||
− | | forthgoing |
+ | | forthgoing, forespring |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''advanced''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | | quick, ahead, higher, better, hard, tough, skilfull, clever, manifold, knotted, snarled |
||
+ | |forthstridden, foresprang |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''advancing''' |
|'''advancing''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |striding |
+ | |striding, forespringing |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''advantage''' |
|'''advantage''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |foredeal, high ground, upper-hand |
+ | | boon, foredeal, high ground, upper-hand |
|boot, behoof, upside |
|boot, behoof, upside |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 858: | Line 935: | ||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
| helpful, worthwhile |
| helpful, worthwhile |
||
− | |behovely, frimful/frimly (<OE frimlic) |
+ | |behovely, frimful/frimly (<'''OE''' frimlic) |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''advection''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |Tobearing, Atbearing, Onbearing |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''advent''' |
|'''advent''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |coming, onset |
+ | |coming, onset, showing up, calling on, coming forth |
+ | | foreyule, foreyuletide, (Forechristmas) |
||
− | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adventure''' |
|'''adventure''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |happening, time; flutter, throw, undertaking |
+ | |happening, time; flutter, throw, undertaking, fare |
+ | |rose (<'''OE''' rās) |
||
− | |wayspell (cf. Sw.vågspel) |
||
+ | wayspell (cf. Sw.vågspel) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adventurous''' |
|'''adventurous''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|daring, free-swinging, gutsy, bold |
|daring, free-swinging, gutsy, bold |
||
+ | | rosey, free-ghostly |
||
− | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adverb''' |
|'''adverb''' |
||
Line 883: | Line 966: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |thwartsome (Barnes), witherlike |
+ | |thwartsome (Barnes), witherlike, gainsaying, fiendish, foelike |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adversary''' |
|'''adversary''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |foe, witherling |
+ | |foe, witherling, fiend |
− | | withersake (<OE wiþersaca, cf. NGH. Widersacher) |
+ | | withersake (<'''OE''' wiþersaca, cf. NGH. Widersacher) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''adversity''' |
|'''adversity''' |
||
Line 902: | Line 985: | ||
|'''advertize''' |
|'''advertize''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |play up |
+ | | boost, play up, show off |
| showmede |
| showmede |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''advertisement ''' |
|'''advertisement ''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |showing |
+ | | boostering, showing |
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''advice''' |
|'''advice''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |tip, help |
+ | |tip, help, read, reading |
− | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rede rede] (<OE raed, cf. Du. raad, NGH. Rat) |
+ | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rede rede] (<'''OE''' raed, cf. Du. raad, NGH. Rat) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''advisable''' |
|'''advisable''' |
||
Line 922: | Line 1,005: | ||
|'''advise''' |
|'''advise''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
+ | | Beread, Berede |
||
− | | - |
||
|[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/berede berede], mind |
|[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/berede berede], mind |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''advocacy''' |
|'''advocacy''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | backing |
+ | | boost, boostership, backing |
− | | |
+ | |forespeech (<'''OE '''forespræċ, cf. NHG. Fürsprache, Du. voorspraak) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''advocate''' |
|'''advocate''' |
||
|''n/vb'' |
|''n/vb'' |
||
− | |plead for, uphold, back up; spokesman, stand up for |
+ | |plead for, uphold, back up;<br />spokesman, stand up for |
− | |forspeak (<OE foresprecan, NHG fürsprechen) |
+ | |forspeak (<'''OE''' foresprecan, NHG fürsprechen) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aerial''' |
|'''aerial''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
+ | | skywards, aloft, lofty, soaring, spirelike |
||
− | | - |
||
− | |loften (<OE lyften) |
+ | |loften (<'''OE''' lyften) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aerodynamic''' |
|'''aerodynamic''' |
||
Line 952: | Line 1,035: | ||
|'''aeronaut''' |
|'''aeronaut''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | |
+ | | flyer |
|roomfarer (room = space; cf. NHG Raum...) |
|roomfarer (room = space; cf. NHG Raum...) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aerospace''' |
|'''aerospace''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | skycraft, skyworks |
||
− | | - |
||
|loftroom |
|loftroom |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''Æsir''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | ghosts, gods, undead, fiends, wicked wights; foes |
||
− | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |Ese (<'''OE''' ese; see ''The Elder Gods'' by Stephen Pollington), wodes |
||
− | |oasses (<OE os, -ir is an ON plural) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aesthetic''' |
|'''aesthetic''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |comely, fair |
+ | |comely, fair, seemly, befitting, good looks |
− | |wlitty (<OE wlitig) |
+ | |wlitty (< '''OE''' wlitig) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''affair''' |
|'''affair''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |fling; blowout; handiwork; happening; business |
+ | |fling; blowout; handiwork;<br />happening; business |
− | | inting (<OE intinga) |
+ | | inting (< '''OE''' intinga) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''affect''' |
|'''affect''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |inflow, sway; wend, shift, switch |
+ | | lead to, strike, inflow, sway; wend, shift, switch, Iwake (< OE |
+ | gewaecan), Ifreme (< OE ge-freme) Awork (< OE a-wyrcan) |
||
|frother (Du. veranderen) |
|frother (Du. veranderen) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''affection''' |
|'''affection''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |fondness; illness; leaning; hallmark |
+ | |fondness; illness; leaning; hallmark; sweetness, dearness |
− | |''child:'' bairnlove (<OE bearnlufe) |
+ | |''child:'' bairnlove (<'''OE''' bearnlufe) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''affectionate''' |
|'''affectionate''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |loving, warm-hearted |
+ | |loving, warm-hearted, indearing, sweet |
|lovesome (Barnes) |
|lovesome (Barnes) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''affiance''' |
||
+ | |''vb'' |
||
+ | |betroth |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''affinity''' |
|'''affinity''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |leaning, kinship |
+ | |leaning, kinship, sibred |
− | | |
+ | | sibhood |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''affirm''' |
|'''affirm''' |
||
Line 999: | Line 1,088: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
| |
| |
||
− | foraye (Barnes), begean (<OE |
+ | foraye (Barnes),<br />begean (<'''OE''' begæn) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''affirmative''' |
|'''affirmative''' |
||
Line 1,008: | Line 1,097: | ||
|'''affix''' |
|'''affix''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | stick on, put on |
||
− | | - |
||
| wordfastening |
| wordfastening |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,015: | Line 1,104: | ||
|ail, smite, dretch |
|ail, smite, dretch |
||
| |
| |
||
− | swench (<OE swinc), beweal (<OE bewælan), thrysk (<OE |
+ | swench (<'''OE''' swinc),<br />beweal (<'''OE''' bewælan),<br />thrysk (<'''OE''' ġeþryscan) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''affluence''' |
|'''affluence''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|wealth, riches, fat |
|wealth, riches, fat |
||
− | |weal |
+ | |weal, ethe |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''affluent''' |
|'''affluent''' |
||
Line 1,039: | Line 1,128: | ||
|'''age''' |
|'''age''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | time |
+ | | oldness, world, time, tide |
|eld, tide ''(era)'' |
|eld, tide ''(era)'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,054: | Line 1,143: | ||
|'''agenda''' |
|'''agenda''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |to-do-list |
+ | |to-do-list, ledger |
− | |worklist (cf. Fr. wurklist) |
+ | |worklist (cf. Fr. wurklist), reckonleaf |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''agent''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |follower, minion (came from M.Frankish, but firstly from PG) |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''agglomerate''' |
|'''agglomerate''' |
||
Line 1,071: | Line 1,165: | ||
|wordlink |
|wordlink |
||
|upcleam (Barnes) |
|upcleam (Barnes) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''aggression''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |go-getting |
||
+ | |fightsomeness (built on Barnes), winsomeness |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aggressive''' |
|'''aggressive''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | | |
+ | |go-getting |
− | |fightsome (Barnes) |
+ | |fightsome (Barnes), winsome |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aggressor''' |
|'''aggressor''' |
||
Line 1,096: | Line 1,195: | ||
|worry |
|worry |
||
|mindfret, seething, churning |
|mindfret, seething, churning |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''aglet''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |needling, shoestring tip |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''agoraphobia''' |
|'''agoraphobia''' |
||
Line 1,104: | Line 1,208: | ||
|'''agree''' |
|'''agree''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | | settle on, fit, <br />hold with (Barnes) |
+ | | settle on, fit, <br />hold with (Barnes), stand [with], stick [with], yeasay |
| |
| |
||
− | thwear (<OE þwǽrian)<br />thave (<OE þafian) |
+ | thwear (<'''OE''' þwǽrian)<br />thave (<'''OE''' þafian) |
− | forewyrd (<OE forewyrdan) |
+ | forewyrd (<'''OE''' forewyrdan) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''agreeable''' |
|'''agreeable''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
− | |likeworthy |
+ | |likeworthy, likable |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''agreement''' |
|'''agreement''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|deal, meeting of minds |
|deal, meeting of minds |
||
− | | mirth, thwaring, thaving, soom (<OE som) |
+ | | mirth, thwaring, thaving, soom (<'''OE''' som) |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''agrarian''' |
+ | |'''agrarian/agricultural''' |
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|field (Barnes) |
|field (Barnes) |
||
Line 1,128: | Line 1,232: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|farming, tilling, harvest |
|farming, tilling, harvest |
||
− | |fieldlore, earth-tilth (Barnes), |
+ | |fieldlore, earth-tilth (Barnes), cropcraft<br />landwardship (cf. NHG Landwirtschaft) |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''agrostology''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |grasslore |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aichmophobia''' |
|'''aichmophobia''' |
||
Line 1,138: | Line 1,247: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|helpmate, sidekick; backing, helping hand, leg up |
|helpmate, sidekick; backing, helping hand, leg up |
||
− | |filst (<OE fylst) |
+ | |filst (<'''OE''' fylst) |
− | atstall (<OE ætstæl) |
+ | atstall (<'''OE''' ætstæl) |
− | fultum (<OE fultum/fulteam) |
+ | fultum (<'''OE''' fultum/fulteam) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aid''' |
|'''aid''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|help, bestead |
|help, bestead |
||
− | |filst (<OE fylstan), andfilst (<OE andfylstan) |
+ | |filst (<'''OE''' fylstan), andfilst (<'''OE''' andfylstan) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aimsome''' |
|'''aimsome''' |
||
Line 1,160: | Line 1,269: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|goal, mark |
|goal, mark |
||
− | | |
+ | |tile (< '''OE''' tilian "to aim", cf. NHG Ziel) |
ettle |
ettle |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aim at''' |
|'''aim at''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
+ | | sight, take sight on |
||
− | | - |
||
− | |eye for, nought in, |
+ | |eye for, nought in,<br />tile (< '''OE''' tilian, NHG zielen) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''air''' |
|'''air''' |
||
|''n/vb'' |
|''n/vb'' |
||
| |
| |
||
− | wind, breath |
+ | wind, breath, loft; |
+ | ''vb:'' broadcast; freshen |
||
− | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loft#English loft] (<OE loft ''(through Old Norse)'', cf. NHG Luft, Du. lucht), lift (<OE lyft) |
||
+ | |<br />[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loft#English loft] (<'''OE''' loft ''(through Old Norse)'',<br />cf. NHG Luft, Du. lucht),<br />lift (<'''OE''' lyft) |
||
life's breath |
life's breath |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''air force''' |
|'''air force''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | sky might, sky arm |
||
− | | - |
||
− | |loft-weir, loftmight (cf. Du. luchtmacht) |
+ | |loft-weir, loftmight (cf. Du. luchtmacht), skyheer (< OED heer=army) |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''airplane |
+ | |'''airplane ''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | wing craft, kite (''slang''), [[wiktionary:flightcraft#Etymology_2|flightcraft]] |
||
− | | - |
||
− | |flycraft (OE, floegan; loftcraft,<br />stycraft from OE: upstigen to move up rise ascend) |
+ | | flycraft (OE, floegan; loftcraft,<br />stycraft from OE: upstigen to move up rise ascend), wingwain, flysarrow, sarrowbird (sarrow - technical wonder); tinbird (NZ Slang) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''airport''' |
|'''airport''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | flight field (< Ice) landing field, sky harbor, landing strip |
||
− | | - |
||
− | |lofthub, lofthaven ''(calque)'' |
+ | | flyfield, lofthub, lofthaven ''(calque)'' |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''airship''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |Zeppelin, [[wiktionary:skyship|skyship]] |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aisle''' |
|'''aisle''' |
||
Line 1,209: | Line 1,324: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |whiteness (<ME<OE ''hwitness''), whiteshine |
+ | |whiteness (<'''ME'''<'''OE''' ''hwitness''),<br />whiteshine, glowwhite |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''albino''' |
|'''albino''' |
||
Line 1,220: | Line 1,335: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|whitebook |
|whitebook |
||
+ | ''music album (f.b, Thriller): ''gleebook |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''albumen''' |
|'''albumen''' |
||
Line 1,225: | Line 1,341: | ||
|egg white |
|egg white |
||
|egg lime |
|egg lime |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''alchemy''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |orecraft |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''alcohol''' |
|'''alcohol''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|booze, firewater |
|booze, firewater |
||
− | |wineghost |
+ | |wineghost, áfengi |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''alcoholic''' |
|'''alcoholic''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
+ | |boozer |
||
− | |boozen |
||
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''alcoholic''' |
|'''alcoholic''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |sot, drunkard, |
+ | |sot, drunkard, boozer |
|malt-worm |
|malt-worm |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''alert''' |
|'''alert''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |awake, watchful; heedful, wary; numble, sharp-witted; ready, willing |
+ | |awake, mindful, watchful; heedful, wary;<br />numble, sharp-witted; ready, willing |
− | |gleg<br />rathe (<OE rathe) |
+ | |gleg<br />rathe (<'''OE''' rathe) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''algorithm''' |
|'''algorithm''' |
||
Line 1,253: | Line 1,374: | ||
|'''alien''' |
|'''alien''' |
||
|''n/adj'' |
|''n/adj'' |
||
− | |way-out, fremd, outlandish, outsider |
+ | |way-out, fremd, outlandish, outsider; evil ghost, kidnapper |
− | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fremd Fremd] (Eng./NHG. fremd) |
+ | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fremd Fremd] (Eng./NHG. fremd), Elster, Elend, Otherling |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''alienate''' |
|'''alienate''' |
||
Line 1,270: | Line 1,391: | ||
|set up, fit, shape (into a line) |
|set up, fit, shape (into a line) |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''allegiance''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |truthness |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''allegory''' |
|'''allegory''' |
||
Line 1,279: | Line 1,405: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |overfeeling, haysneezing,<br />fremdcasting (an allergic reaction casts out foreign cells such as pollens) |
||
− | |overfeeling |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''alleviate''' |
|'''alleviate''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |allay, lighten |
+ | |allay, lighten, soften |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''alley''' |
|'''alley''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | walk, lane, pathway |
+ | | walk, lane, byroad, pathway, walkway, gangway, laneway, ginnel |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''alliance''' |
|'''alliance''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |bond, tie |
+ | |bond, band, tie |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''allied''' |
|'''allied''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
+ | | banded, befriended |
||
− | |bound, wed |
||
|fayed |
|fayed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,304: | Line 1,430: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |broadmouthnix |
||
− | |dread athex |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''alliteration''' |
|'''alliteration''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |staverime, mate-penning (Barnes) |
+ | |staffrime (cf. NNl ''stafrijm, ''NHG ''Stabreim''), staverime, mate-penning (Barnes) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''allocate''' |
|'''allocate''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |earmark, let |
+ | |earmark, let, deal out |
|fordeal |
|fordeal |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,319: | Line 1,445: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |alloting (non-Germanic prefix), allotness (non-Germanic prefix), fordealing |
||
− | |fordealing |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''allow''' |
|'''allow''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|let (Barnes), leave, give the green light for |
|let (Barnes), leave, give the green light for |
||
− | |thwore (<OE þwárian) |
+ | |thwore (<'''OE''' þwárian) |
− | thave (<OE þafian) |
+ | thave (<'''OE''' þafian) |
− | aleave (<OE ālīefan, cf. NHG erlauben) |
+ | aleave (<'''OE''' ālīefan, cf. NHG erlauben) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''allowable''' |
|'''allowable''' |
||
Line 1,338: | Line 1,464: | ||
| mix, blend, meld |
| mix, blend, meld |
||
|mastling |
|mastling |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''All Saints Day''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |Allhallowsmas, Hallowmas, All Hallows’ |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''allude''' |
|'''allude''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |hint (at), touch (on) |
+ | |hint (at), touch (on), link (to), liken (to) |
|anent |
|anent |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''allure''' |
|'''allure''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |draw to |
+ | |draw to, beguile, ensnare |
− | | |
+ | |spane (<'''OE''' spanan), adwell |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''Ally''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |Ithoft, Ifolk, Ihild, Ifight, Ilie, Ilay |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''almanac''' |
|'''almanac''' |
||
Line 1,358: | Line 1,494: | ||
| |
| |
||
ABCs |
ABCs |
||
+ | <br />''alphabet:'' futhorc |
||
− | |||
+ | | staverow (<'''OE''' stæfrǣw) |
||
− | ''alphabet:'' futhorc |
||
− | + | abecede, runeline, runecraft, runebook,<br />staffhoard, runestaff |
|
|- |
|- |
||
|'''altar''' |
|'''altar''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | weved (< OED, ''wigh bed,'' “holy bed”) |
||
− | | - |
||
− | |giftboard, worship board<br />glowstead, gleedstead (<OE glédstede)<br /> |
+ | |giftboard, worship board<br />glowstead, gleedstead (<'''OE''' glédstede)<br />wighbed (< '''OE''' ''wigbed'', “holy bed”) |
− | harrow (<OE hearg, cf. OHG harug) |
+ | harrow (<'''OE''' hearg, cf. OHG harug) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''alter''' |
|'''alter''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | | wend |
+ | | shift, wend |
|frother (cf. Fr. feroar, Du. veranderen, NHG. verändern) |
|frother (cf. Fr. feroar, Du. veranderen, NHG. verändern) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,402: | Line 1,538: | ||
|selfless, unselfish |
|selfless, unselfish |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''aluminum''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |canstuff |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''Alzheimers''' |
||
+ | |''n '' |
||
+ | |the long goodbye |
||
+ | | (non-anglish: the slow funeral) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''amass''' |
|'''amass''' |
||
Line 1,410: | Line 1,556: | ||
|'''amateur''' |
|'''amateur''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |greenhorn, beginner, starter |
+ | |greenhorn, beginner, starter, newcomer, newbie |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,427: | Line 1,573: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |brimstone, glarestone, burnstone |
+ | |brimstone, glarestone, burnstone, elksand (<'''OE''' eolhsand) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ambidextrous''' |
|'''ambidextrous''' |
||
+ | |adj |
||
− | |''vb'' |
||
− | |both-handed, two-handed |
+ | |both-handed, two-handed, either-handed |
|umberight, umbecrafty, umbehandy |
|umberight, umbecrafty, umbehandy |
||
− | either-handed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ambience''' |
|'''ambience''' |
||
Line 1,443: | Line 1,588: | ||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | | |
+ | |twiwordy (<'''OE''' twiwyrdig),<br />twisided (Barnes); twi-meaning.<br />twimeaning, unsifer, |
− | twimeaning, |
||
− | unsifer, |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ambiguity''' |
|'''ambiguity''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |twiwordiness |
||
− | |twowordiness |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ambivalence''' |
|'''ambivalence''' |
||
Line 1,456: | Line 1,599: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
| waver |
| waver |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''ambivert''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |twigoer |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''ambiverted''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |twigoing |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ambulance''' |
|'''ambulance''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |sickwain crankwain (<NHG Krankenwagen) |
+ | |sickwain crankwain (<'''NHG''' Krankenwagen) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ambulant''' |
|'''ambulant''' |
||
Line 1,482: | Line 1,635: | ||
''-'' |
''-'' |
||
| |
| |
||
− | soothly (<OE soþlice) |
+ | soothly (<'''OE''' soþlice) |
so be it ''(used in the early English Reformation),'' |
so be it ''(used in the early English Reformation),'' |
||
true dat ''(colloquial), ''yelayay |
true dat ''(colloquial), ''yelayay |
||
Line 1,489: | Line 1,642: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|New World<br /> |
|New World<br /> |
||
− | |Markland (<OE ''mearcland'' "borderland," cognate to ON ''markland'', the name given by Leif Eriksson to a Labrador shoreline; the element m a r k incidentally shares the same three consonant sounds as A m e r i c a) |
+ | |Markland (<'''OE''' ''mearcland'' "borderland,"<br />cognate to ON ''markland'',<br />the name given by Leif Eriksson to a<br />Labrador shoreline; the element m a r k incidentally<br />shares the same three<br />consonant sounds as A m e r i c a) |
Westlands, Redlands |
Westlands, Redlands |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,515: | Line 1,668: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |shapeshifter, slimebrick, slimedeer (cf. Ic. slímdýr) |
+ | |shapeshifter, slimebrick,<br />slimedeer (cf. Ic. slímdýr) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''amorphous''' |
|'''amorphous''' |
||
Line 1,526: | Line 1,679: | ||
|score, lot, whit, deal (Barnes) |
|score, lot, whit, deal (Barnes) |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''amount''' |
||
+ | |''vb'' |
||
+ | |come up |
||
+ | |bedraw (cf. NHG betragen, Du. bedragen) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ampersand''' |
|'''ampersand''' |
||
Line 1,535: | Line 1,693: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |lurrow (cf. NHG ''Lurche''), |
+ | |lurrow (cf. NHG ''Lurche''), shoredeer,<br />frogdeer (cf. Ic. froskdýr) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''amphibious''' |
|'''amphibious''' |
||
Line 1,546: | Line 1,704: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|playstow, umbewitstow |
|playstow, umbewitstow |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''ample''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | | broad, large, roomy |
||
+ | | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''amplifier''' |
|'''amplifier''' |
||
Line 1,559: | Line 1,722: | ||
|'''amplitude''' |
|'''amplitude''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | |
+ | |breadth, reach, width |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''amputate''' |
|'''amputate''' |
||
|''v'' |
|''v'' |
||
− | |cut (off) |
+ | |cut (off), rend, snithe, forcarve, limb, belimb |
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
− | |rend, snithe, forcarve (Barnes), belimb |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''amputated''' |
||
+ | |''v/adj'' |
||
+ | |cut (off), cutted (off) (non-standard past tense), rent/rended, snothe/snithed, forcorve/forcarved, limbed, belimbed |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''amputation''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |cutting (off), rending, snithing, forcaving, limbing, belimbing |
||
+ | |cutness, cutoffness, rendness, snitheness, forcaveness, limbness, belimbness |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''amusement''' |
|'''amusement''' |
||
Line 1,587: | Line 1,760: | ||
|whipsnake |
|whipsnake |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''anesthetic''' |
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
| unsightly |
| unsightly |
||
Line 1,604: | Line 1,777: | ||
|'''analgesic''' |
|'''analgesic''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |numbing |
||
− | | |
||
|andwark |
|andwark |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''analog''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | |gear-driven |
||
+ | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''analogy''' |
|'''analogy''' |
||
Line 1,614: | Line 1,792: | ||
|'''analyze''' |
|'''analyze''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
+ | |look at |
||
− | | |
||
− | | forloosen (Barnes); think through, unthread, unriddle. |
+ | | forloosen (Barnes); think through,<br />unthread, unriddle. |
+ | Onlight, Onseek, |
||
+ | |||
+ | Forloosen, Uploosen, Upsunder |
||
+ | |||
+ | Nease (<OE to search, to find out by inquiry) Onnease, Anease |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anarchism''' |
|'''anarchism''' |
||
|''n/adj'' |
|''n/adj'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | | lawlessholth |
+ | | lawlessholth, lawlesshood |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anarchy''' |
|'''anarchy''' |
||
Line 1,626: | Line 1,809: | ||
|lawlessness |
|lawlessness |
||
| |
| |
||
− | redelacking, |
+ | redelacking, ethellessness<br />''chaos:'' dwolma (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anastomosis''' |
|'''anastomosis''' |
||
Line 1,645: | Line 1,828: | ||
|'''ancestor''' |
|'''ancestor''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | |
+ | |forebearer, forefather, elder, forerunner, fore-elder, alder-father, spearside, spindleside |
+ | forekin |
||
− | |foremother |
||
− | foreolder |
+ | |foremother, foreolder, alder-mother |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ancestry''' |
|'''ancestry''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |strain, seed, bloodties, house |
+ | |strain, seed,<br />bloodties, house |
| strind |
| strind |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,659: | Line 1,842: | ||
foreold (Barnes) |
foreold (Barnes) |
||
− | |fern (<OE fyrn) |
+ | |fern (<'''OE''' fyrn) |
− | orold (calque of NHG uralt), yoren |
+ | orold (calque of NHG uralt),<br />yoren |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ancient times''' |
|'''ancient times''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |yoretide |
||
− | |yore |
||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,676: | Line 1,859: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
| |
| |
||
+ | werewifehood (Calque of the Greek + "hood") |
||
− | manwomanhood (Calq<span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:95%;">ue of the Greek </span><span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:95%;">+ "hood")</span> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''android''' |
|'''android''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
− | | |
+ | |manhue/werehue (cf. Greek ''andros'' <nowiki/>'man' and ''oeidēs'' 'hue' ''('''<OE''' hiw))'' |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anemometer''' |
|'''anemometer''' |
||
Line 1,692: | Line 1,875: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|windrose |
|windrose |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''anesthesia''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |unfeeler (calque) |
||
+ | number (one who numbs) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''angel''' |
|'''angel''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |rotherer, |
+ | |rotherer, errandghost (<'''OE''' ærendgást) |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''anger''' |
+ | |'''anger (O.N. loanword)''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |madness, wrath, uptightness, waspishness |
||
− | |ire, wrath |
||
− | |greme (<OE |
+ | |greme (<'''OE''' grama), waspness |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''angle''' |
|'''angle''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|nook, bight, winkle |
|nook, bight, winkle |
||
− | |nookspan, nookwidth, hook, hurn (<OE hyrne) |
+ | |nookspan, nookwidth, hook,<br />hurn (<'''OE''' hyrne),<br />whem (<'''OE''' hwemm) |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''angry''' |
+ | |'''angry (O.N. loanword)''' |
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |wrathful, uptight, waspish |
+ | |mad, wrathful, uptight, waspish, wasp |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,721: | Line 1,910: | ||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |nook-shot, sharp-nooked, straight-edged, hyrned (<OE hyrnen) |
+ | |nook-shot, sharp-nooked,<br />straight-edged, hyrned (<'''OE''' hyrnen), edgy |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''animal''' |
|'''animal''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |being |
||
− | | - |
||
− | | |
+ | |deer, wight (<'''OE''' wiht), wilder,<br />soulend, livle, nite (<'''OE''' nēat),<br />neat (from OE, like neatsfoot oil),<br />neatenkind (<'''OE''') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''animate''' |
|'''animate''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |liven |
+ | |liven, enliven<br />''literary:'' quicken (Barnes) |
|besoul (cf. NHG beseelen, Du. bezielen) |
|besoul (cf. NHG beseelen, Du. bezielen) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''animation''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |drawn film |
||
+ | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anime''' |
|'''anime''' |
||
Line 1,752: | Line 1,946: | ||
|ringworm |
|ringworm |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''annex''' |
||
+ | |''vb'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |onend (on+end) (cf. NHG Anschluss) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''annihilate''' |
|'''annihilate''' |
||
Line 1,757: | Line 1,956: | ||
|wipe out, |
|wipe out, |
||
|fornaughten (Barnes) |
|fornaughten (Barnes) |
||
− | + | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/benothing benothing] (Eng.) |
|
|- |
|- |
||
|'''annihilation''' |
|'''annihilation''' |
||
Line 1,766: | Line 1,965: | ||
|'''anniversary''' |
|'''anniversary''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |yearday, yeartide (Barnes) |
+ | |yearday, yeartide (Barnes), Frealstide (<OE ''a festival of the church, an anniversary''), Year-imind (<OE) |
− | | mind day (<OE gemynddaeg) |
+ | | mind day (<'''OE''' gemynddaeg) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''Anno Domini''' |
|'''Anno Domini''' |
||
Line 1,787: | Line 1,986: | ||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|ban, bode, bid, kithe |
|ban, bode, bid, kithe |
||
− | | forcouth (<OE cýðan, cf. NHG verkünden) |
+ | | forcouth (<'''OE''' cýðan, cf. NHG verkünden)<br />meld (<'''OE''' meldian, cf. NHG./Du. melden) |
− | meld (<OE meldian, cf. NHG./Du. melden) |
||
− | |||
forthspell, spell out |
forthspell, spell out |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,829: | Line 2,026: | ||
|'''anoint''' |
|'''anoint''' |
||
|''v'' |
|''v'' |
||
+ | |smear, salve (<MW, cf. OE sealf & cf. NHG. Salbe; do not confuse with Latin homonym) |
||
− | |smear |
||
− | |anele, throughsmear (<OE þūrhsmyrian) |
+ | |anele,<br />throughsmear (<'''OE''' þūrhsmyrian) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anonymous''' |
|'''anonymous''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |nameless, unnamed |
+ | |nameless, unnamed, unknown |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''anorexia''' |
+ | |'''anorexia nervosa''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |fastlust |
+ | |foodshy, eatshy, fastlust |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''antagonist''' |
|'''antagonist''' |
||
Line 1,856: | Line 2,053: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|South End |
|South End |
||
− | |South Hern |
+ | |South Hern, Underland |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''antecedence''' |
|'''antecedence''' |
||
Line 1,868: | Line 2,065: | ||
| foreflood |
| foreflood |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | |'''antenna''' |
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | - |
||
+ | | yardhorn, sailyard, feelers (biology) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | '''Ante Meridiem''' |
||
|''phr'' |
|''phr'' |
||
| Before Midday (calque) |
| Before Midday (calque) |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''antelope''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |pronghorn (specifically American antelopes) |
||
+ | |sawhorn, wildbuck |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anterior''' |
|'''anterior''' |
||
Line 1,886: | Line 2,093: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |folksong (cf. NHG./Du. volkslied) |
+ | |folksong (cf. NHG./Du. volkslied), landsong |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''anthocyanin''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |flowerblue |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anthology''' |
|'''anthology''' |
||
Line 1,892: | Line 2,104: | ||
|reader |
|reader |
||
| fayness |
| fayness |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |<strong>Anthropocene</strong> |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |Mantide |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anthropology''' |
|'''anthropology''' |
||
Line 1,898: | Line 2,115: | ||
|theedlore, manlore, werelore |
|theedlore, manlore, werelore |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''anti-''' |
+ | |'''anti-vaxx''' |
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |wither-imp |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''antibiotic''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
− | |wither-, with-, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gain- gain-] |
||
+ | |gainrodlifeanwork |
||
− | |off- |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''antisemite''' |
|'''antisemite''' |
||
Line 1,926: | Line 2,148: | ||
|''adv'' |
|''adv'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |witherlawwritly |
+ | |witherlawwritly<br />withlawwritly |
− | withlawwritly |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''antidisestablishmentarianism''' |
|'''antidisestablishmentarianism''' |
||
Line 1,937: | Line 2,158: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |atterloathe (<ME atterllothe) |
+ | |atterloathe (<'''ME''' atterllothe) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''antigen''' |
|'''antigen''' |
||
Line 1,943: | Line 2,164: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|offweirstuff |
|offweirstuff |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''antihero''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |banestar, gainheleth, withheleth, witherheleth |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''antilope''' |
|'''antilope''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |buck (cf. Afr. bok) |
||
− | |bloomgoat |
||
+ | bloomgoat |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''antimatter''' |
|'''antimatter''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |gainstuff, witherstuff, unbeing, unstuff |
+ | |gainstuff, witherstuff,<br />unbeing, unstuff |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''antipathy''' |
|'''antipathy''' |
||
Line 1,968: | Line 2,195: | ||
|careworn, timestruck |
|careworn, timestruck |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''antique''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |eldern, barn-find, timeless-ware(s) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''antique''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |barn-find (antique: more than a hundred years old; vintage: several decades old) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''antiquity''' |
|'''antiquity''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |olden days; oldness, eldnerliness |
+ | |olden days;<br />oldness, eldnerliness |
| |
| |
||
afern (OE fyrn 'former, ancient') |
afern (OE fyrn 'former, ancient') |
||
Line 1,980: | Line 2,217: | ||
|withersmite |
|withersmite |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''antistatism''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
Line 1,986: | Line 2,223: | ||
witherlawwardness |
witherlawwardness |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''antistatist''' |
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
|witherlawmootish |
|witherlawmootish |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''antistatist''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
Line 2,004: | Line 2,241: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |blowhorn (<OE ''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blowan#Old_English <u>blōwan</u>]'') |
+ | |blowhorn (<'''OE''' ''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blowan#Old_English <u>blōwan</u>]'') |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''antonym''' |
|'''antonym''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |witherword |
+ | |witherword<br />gainword (cf. NHG gegenwort) |
− | gainword (cf. NHG gegenwort) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anulus''' |
|'''anulus''' |
||
Line 2,019: | Line 2,255: | ||
|'''anus''' |
|'''anus''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |arsehole(vulgar), asshole (American, vulgar; note that ''arse'' is not said as often in America) |
||
− | |asshole(vulgar) |
||
− | | arse-thirl (OE: earsþerl); back-tharm |
+ | | arse-thirl (OE: earsþerl); back-tharm; |
+ | endring |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''anxiety''' |
|'''anxiety''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|worry, fear |
|worry, fear |
||
− | |angness, angens, angs |
+ | |angness, angens, angs, moodcare |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aorta''' |
|'''aorta''' |
||
Line 2,045: | Line 2,282: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|flat, room, by-room |
|flat, room, by-room |
||
+ | | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/woning#English woning] (cf. NHG Wohnung) |
||
− | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''apathetic''' |
|'''apathetic''' |
||
Line 2,071: | Line 2,308: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|lustdrive |
|lustdrive |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''apiculture''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |beekeeping |
||
+ | | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''apogee''' |
|'''apogee''' |
||
Line 2,079: | Line 2,321: | ||
|'''apologise''' |
|'''apologise''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
+ | | say sorry |
||
− | | To |
||
| |
| |
||
+ | forshild, unshild (cf. Du. verontschuldigen, NHG. entschuldigen, see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shild shild]) |
||
− | forshild |
||
− | |||
− | Unshild (cf. Du. verontschuldigen, NHG. entschuldigen) see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shild shild] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''apology''' |
|'''apology''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | sorry |
+ | | sorry |
+ | | rueword, sorroword, belading (<'''OE''')<br />''defense: ''besaying, forespeech (<'''OE''' forespræċ) |
||
− | | |
||
− | rueword, sorroword |
||
− | |||
− | ''defense: ''besaying<span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:95%;">, forespeech </span><span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:95%;">(<OE </span><span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:11.7325px;">forespræċ)</span> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''apostate''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |backslider |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | |errander, sendling (cf. NHG 'Sendling'), |
||
+ | |'''apostasy''' |
||
− | fro-sent (Sir John Cheke) |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |backsliding |
||
+ | | backslideness, backslidehood |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''apostle''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | errand-bearer |
||
+ | |errander, errand-wakener (OE ærendwrecca), sendling,<br />fro-sent |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''apothecary''' |
|'''apothecary''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |libshop |
||
− | |leefwinkle (leef 'medicine', see Ic. lyf) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''apparel''' |
|'''apparel''' |
||
Line 2,112: | Line 2,358: | ||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|seeming |
|seeming |
||
− | | |
+ | |eyeshinely (cf. NHG. augenscheinlich, Du. ogenschijnlijk) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''apparently''' |
|'''apparently''' |
||
|''adv/phr'' |
|''adv/phr'' |
||
− | |seemingly, at first sight, in name only, on the outside, |
+ | |seemingly, at first sight, in name only, on the outside, openly, to the eye, as it shows |
− | | staringly, eyeshinely (NHG. augenscheinlich, Du. ogenschijnlijk) |
+ | | staringly, eyeshinely (cf. NHG. augenscheinlich, Du. ogenschijnlijk) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''appeal''' |
|'''appeal''' |
||
Line 2,131: | Line 2,377: | ||
|'''appear''' |
|'''appear''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |show up |
+ | |show up, beseem |
| tew up (cf. OE ætīwan, ætywan), forshine (cf. Du. verschijnen, NHG. erscheinen) |
| tew up (cf. OE ætīwan, ætywan), forshine (cf. Du. verschijnen, NHG. erscheinen) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,163: | Line 2,409: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |''organ:'' blindgut |
+ | |''organ:'' blindgut, blindtharm (cf. Fr. blineterm, NHG Blinddarm)<br />''book:'' tack-on, onhang (cf. NHG Anhang) |
− | ''book:'' tack-on<br />onhang (cf. NHG Anhang) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''appetite''' |
|'''appetite''' |
||
Line 2,180: | Line 2,425: | ||
|bearing, putting-on |
|bearing, putting-on |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''applause''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |standing and clapping |
||
+ | |byfall (cf. NHG Beifall, Du. bijval) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''apply''' |
|'''apply''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|beseech, lay on, spread |
|beseech, lay on, spread |
||
− | | bewharve (cf. NHG bewerben |
+ | | bewharve (cf. NHG bewerben, see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wharve#English ''wharve'']) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''appoint''' |
|'''appoint''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |afix, set up, earmark, deem, settle, name |
+ | |afix, set up, earmark,<br />deem, settle, name |
| wend out |
| wend out |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''appreciate''' |
|'''appreciate''' |
||
|''v'' |
|''v'' |
||
− | | |
+ | |be thankful |
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,208: | Line 2,458: | ||
|'''approach''' |
|'''approach''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |near, nigh, |
+ | |near, be nigh, draw near to, come forth, creep up on |
− | | |
+ | |nighletch (<'''OE''' neahlæcan) |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''approach''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | means, way |
||
+ | | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''approaching''' |
|'''approaching''' |
||
Line 2,220: | Line 2,475: | ||
|befitting, seemly, meet |
|befitting, seemly, meet |
||
| roadly (cf. OE geradlic) |
| roadly (cf. OE geradlic) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''approve''' |
||
+ | |''v'' |
||
+ | |let, bid |
||
+ | ''approve of: ''laud |
||
+ | | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''approximate''' |
|'''approximate''' |
||
Line 2,229: | Line 2,490: | ||
|''adv'' |
|''adv'' |
||
|about, roughly, nearly, nigh |
|about, roughly, nearly, nigh |
||
− | | |
+ | | umb |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''appurtenance''' |
|'''appurtenance''' |
||
Line 2,249: | Line 2,510: | ||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|fit |
|fit |
||
− | | deve (<OE defe), yroadly (<OE ġerādliċ) |
+ | | deve (<'''OE''' defe),<br />yroadly (<'''OE''' ġerādliċ) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aquaculture''' |
|'''aquaculture''' |
||
Line 2,275: | Line 2,536: | ||
| afraid of (the) water |
| afraid of (the) water |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''aquaplaning''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |watergliding |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aquarium''' |
|'''aquarium''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |fishglass |
+ | |fishglass, waterglass |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aquatic''' |
|'''aquatic''' |
||
Line 2,293: | Line 2,559: | ||
|'''aqueous''' |
|'''aqueous''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |water like, water bearing |
+ | |watery, water like, water bearing |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,314: | Line 2,580: | ||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
| whimsy |
| whimsy |
||
− | |fallenly (cf. Du. toeval) |
+ | |fallenly (cf. Du. toeval)<br />willkirely (<'''OE''' willa + cyre 'choice' + 'līc) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''arboretum''' |
|'''arboretum''' |
||
Line 2,326: | Line 2,592: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''arcade''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |playhall (cf. Du. speelhal, NHG Spielhalle) |
||
− | |bow |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''arch''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | |
+ | |bow |
+ | |Biel (<OE Bígel) |
||
− | |delvelore, fernfrod (cf. Ic. fornleifafræði) |
||
− | |- |
||
− | |'''archaeopterix''' |
||
− | |''n'' |
||
− | | - |
||
− | |stoneset orfowl (cf. NHG Urvogel)<br />stonelayed oldenwing |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''archaic ''' |
|'''archaic ''' |
||
|''adj.'' |
|''adj.'' |
||
|timeworn |
|timeworn |
||
− | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forold forold] (Eng. |
+ | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forold forold] (Eng., cf. NHG. veraltet) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''archangel''' |
|'''archangel''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |highangel |
||
− | |high-ghost |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''archeology''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | - |
||
+ | |olddomlore, (cf. NHG Altertumskunde) delvelore, fernfrod (cf. Ic. fornleifafræði), oldhoodlore (Dutch:oudheidkunde), olddelving(cf.Swedish:fornforskning) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''archeopterix''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |stoneset orfowl (cf. NHG Urvogel), stonelayed oldenwing |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''archer''' |
|'''archer''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|bowman |
|bowman |
||
− | |bowyer, shooter (<OE scytta, cf. NHG. |
+ | |bowyer, shooter (<'''OE''' scytta, cf. NHG. Schütze, Du. schutter) |
− | Schütze, Du. schutter) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''archery''' |
|'''archery''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | bowmanship |
||
− | | - |
||
|bowcraft |
|bowcraft |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''archfoe''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |devil |
||
+ | |godfoe |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''archipelago''' |
|'''archipelago''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |itune (<OE ieg 'island' + tun) |
+ | |itune (<'''OE''' ieg 'island' + tun), island cluster. |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''architect''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |highcrafter (<'''OE'''), Baumaster (Dutch:'''bouwmeester''') |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''architecture''' |
|'''architecture''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| shell, framework |
| shell, framework |
||
+ | |buildlore, buildcraft, timberlore, timbercraft, orshafting |
||
− | |orshafting |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''architrave''' |
|'''architrave''' |
||
Line 2,379: | Line 2,659: | ||
|'''archive''' |
|'''archive''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | backup |
||
− | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
− | |leafwritsam ( |
+ | |leafwritsam (cf. Ic. 'skjalasafn'), logsam, deedsam, writsam, backlog |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''arctic''' |
|'''arctic''' |
||
Line 2,390: | Line 2,670: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|Land of the Midnight Sun |
|Land of the Midnight Sun |
||
− | | northend |
+ | | northend, Northland |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''ardor''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| keenness, lust |
| keenness, lust |
||
− | |hotheartedness (<OE hatheortnes) |
+ | |hotheartedness (<'''OE''' hatheortnes) |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''arduous''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | back-breaking |
||
+ | | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''area''' |
|'''area''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |land, landspan, swathe |
+ | |land, landspan, swathe, ard (<OE), snad, sned (<OE), yard |
|''field of knowledge:'' breadth |
|''field of knowledge:'' breadth |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,411: | Line 2,696: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|Silverland |
|Silverland |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''argon''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon lazystuff] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''arguable''' |
|'''arguable''' |
||
Line 2,424: | Line 2,714: | ||
|'''argument''' |
|'''argument''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | flite, fightback, comeback, back-answer, answer |
||
− | | flite |
||
− | | rake (<OE racu) |
+ | | rake (<'''OE''' racu) |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''argus-eyed''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | |all-seeing, open-eyed, unsleeping |
||
+ | |= |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aridity''' |
|'''aridity''' |
||
Line 2,432: | Line 2,727: | ||
|rainlack, dryth |
|rainlack, dryth |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''Aries''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |The Fleecy Star |
||
− | |blue-blood |
||
+ | | |
||
− | | rikeborn, richard |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aristocratic''' |
|'''aristocratic''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|full-blooded, highborn, highbred |
|full-blooded, highborn, highbred |
||
− | | |
+ | |rikeborn, richborn, athelborn |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''arithmetic''' |
|'''arithmetic''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |tellcraft (<OE getælcræft) |
+ | |tellcraft (<'''OE''' getælcræft) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''arm''' |
|'''arm''' |
||
Line 2,460: | Line 2,755: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |shieldling, |
+ | |shellbear, shieldling, girdledeer (cf. NHG Gürteltier, Du. gordeldier) |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |armillary sphere |
+ | |'''armillary sphere''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
Line 2,470: | Line 2,765: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
− | |weaponing |
+ | |weaponing, outrysting (cf. NHG Ausrüstung) |
− | outrysting (cf. NHG Ausrüstung) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''armistice''' |
|'''armistice''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|truce |
|truce |
||
− | | weaponstandstill ( |
+ | | weaponstandstill (cf. NHG Waffenstillstand) |
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''armor''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |shield, byrnie, Iweapon, Iweaponings (<OE), Gouthreaf, Gouthsear, Gouthsare (<OE) |
||
− | |shield, byrnie |
||
+ | |shieldwear, shieldcloth, helmcladding, heraweed (<OE herewǣde), firedskeerp (<'''OE''' fierdsceorp), rysting (<'''OE''' hyrstan, cf. NHG Rüstung), hereclad |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''armor''' |
||
+ | |''vb'' |
||
| |
| |
||
+ | |begear, beshield, ryst/rist (<OE hrystan, cf. NHG rüsten) iron (<OE ísenian) |
||
− | shieldwear, helmcladding, heraweed (< OE herewǣde), firedskeerp (<OE fierdsceorp) |
||
− | |||
− | rysting (<OE hyrstan, cf. NHG Rüstung) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| '''armory''' |
| '''armory''' |
||
| ''n'' |
| ''n'' |
||
| shieldhouse |
| shieldhouse |
||
+ | |shieldwearhouse, helmcladdenhouse, heraweedhouse, firedskeerphouse, weaponhouse (<'''OE''' wæpenhūs), rysthouse |
||
− | | |
||
− | shieldwearhouse, helmcladdenhouse, heraweedhouse, firedskeerphouse,<span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:95%;"> weaponhouse </span><span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:95%;">(<OE wæpenhūs)</span> |
||
− | |||
− | rysthouse |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''army''' |
|'''army''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |fyrd, ferd, landfyrd |
||
− | | - |
||
+ | |hera, landferd, dright, weremight, ganghere (''foot men''), thrim (<'''OE''' þrymm; cf. MnE trim), here (<'''OE''' here), herg |
||
− | | |
||
− | hera, landferd, dright, weremight, ganghere (''foot men''), <span style="font-size:95%;background-color:transparent;">thrim (<OE þrymm; cf. MnE trim), herë (<OE </span><span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:95%;">here)</span> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aroma''' |
|'''aroma''' |
||
Line 2,506: | Line 2,798: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''around''' |
|'''around''' |
||
− | |''prep |
+ | |''prep'', ''adj'', ''adv'' |
|about |
|about |
||
− | | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/umbe umbe] |
+ | | um, umb, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/umbe umbe] |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''arouse''' |
|'''arouse''' |
||
Line 2,514: | Line 2,806: | ||
|stir, awake, arear |
|stir, awake, arear |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''arquebus''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |matchlock, firelock |
||
+ | |hookbox (cf. MLG hake + busse, MHG Hakenbüchse), hookgun (''calque, historical''), matchgun |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''arrange''' |
|'''arrange''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
+ | |fix, set, settle; draw up, lay out, Endbeird (<OE), Fade (<OE) |
||
− | | |
||
− | fix, set, settle; draw up, lay out |
||
| stight |
| stight |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,528: | Line 2,824: | ||
|'''array''' |
|'''array''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |lay out, set out |
+ | |lay out, set out, bedight |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''arrest''' |
|'''arrest''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |nab, avast |
+ | |nab, avast, halt, stop |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,539: | Line 2,835: | ||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|reach, come upon, get to |
|reach, come upon, get to |
||
− | | oncome (<OE ancuman) |
+ | | oncome (<'''OE''' ancuman) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''arrogant''' |
|'''arrogant''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |proud, highhanded |
+ | |proud, highhanded, overbearing, overweening |
− | | |
+ | | lonk (<'''OE''' wlank) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''arsenal''' |
|'''arsenal''' |
||
Line 2,580: | Line 2,876: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|lithbollow (cf. Ic. Liðbólga) |
|lithbollow (cf. Ic. Liðbólga) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''artichoke''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |eatthistle (cf. Ic. ætiþistill) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''article''' |
|'''article''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |thing |
+ | |thing, write-up |
| writ<br />''grammar:'' lithword (cf. Du. lidwoord) |
| writ<br />''grammar:'' lithword (cf. Du. lidwoord) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| '''artificer''' |
| '''artificer''' |
||
| ''n'' |
| ''n'' |
||
− | | |
+ | |maker, craftsman, smith, wright |
− | | |
+ | |worldcrafter (<'''OE''' woruldcræfta)<vr />''pl: ''worldcraftren (<'''OE''' woruldcræftan) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''artificial''' |
|'''artificial''' |
||
Line 2,603: | Line 2,904: | ||
|'''artisan''' |
|'''artisan''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
− | |craftsman, wright, handyman |
||
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''artistry''' |
+ | |'''art(s), artistry''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|craft, deftness, handiwork |
|craft, deftness, handiwork |
||
Line 2,619: | Line 2,920: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |thrumstone, stone-flax, earthflax, (sl) devil dust, devil's dust. |
+ | |thrumstone, stone-flax, earthflax,<br />(sl) devil dust, devil's dust. |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ascend''' |
|'''ascend''' |
||
Line 2,629: | Line 2,930: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |Gang-Day (<OE gangdæg) |
+ | |Gang-Day (<'''OE''' gangdæg) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''ascent''' |
|'''ascent''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|upgoing, rise |
|upgoing, rise |
||
− | | |
+ | |upgang ''(Brit.)'' |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''asexual ''' |
|'''asexual ''' |
||
Line 2,644: | Line 2,945: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|the East |
|the East |
||
− | |easterngreatland |
+ | |easterngreatland, Morrowland (German:Morgenland) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''Asian ''(race)''''' |
|'''Asian ''(race)''''' |
||
Line 2,654: | Line 2,955: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|sparrowgrass |
|sparrowgrass |
||
+ | | earth navel (<OE eorðnafela<em>) </em> |
||
− | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''asphalt''' |
|'''asphalt''' |
||
Line 2,660: | Line 2,961: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
| streettar |
| streettar |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''aspin''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |philipdog |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''assail''' |
|'''assail''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |scathe lay into ''col.''; raid, storm |
+ | |scathe lay into ''col.''; beset, raid, storm |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''assassin''' |
|'''assassin''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |hitman, murderer |
+ | |hitman, murderer, banesman. |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,680: | Line 2,986: | ||
|onset, onrush, besetting |
|onset, onrush, besetting |
||
| |
| |
||
− | andfeng |
+ | andfeng (<'''OE''') Obs. |
[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onfall onfall] (Eng., NHG. Anfall) |
[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onfall onfall] (Eng., NHG. Anfall) |
||
Line 2,686: | Line 2,992: | ||
|'''assemble''' |
|'''assemble''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |cleave, gather, huddle, band<br />frame, build, set up, forgather |
+ | |cleave, gather,<br />huddle, band<br />frame, build,<br />set up, forgather |
− | | samen (<OE samnian, |
+ | |sam, samen<br />(<'''OE''' samnian,cf. ON samna,<br />NHG sammeln, Du. zamelen),<br />evencome (<'''OE''' efencuman) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''assembly''' |
|'''assembly''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |ingathering, meeting; church |
+ | |forgathering, ingathering, meeting; church,<br />get-together, huddle |
+ | |moot (<OE ''gemot'')<br /> |
||
− | | |
||
+ | samening (<'''OE''' ''samnung''), leedstefen (<'''OE''' ''léodstefn''),<br />thing (dead sense of OE ''þing'',<br />shifted to be meant "object" by c. 1300.<br />Still retained in NHG Sache,<br />which has both meanings.) |
||
− | moot |
||
+ | day (cf. NHG -''tag'', SW -''dag''), daying (cf. NHG ''tagung'', SW ''dagen'') |
||
− | |||
+ | |- |
||
− | samening (<OE samnung), |
||
+ | |'''assent''' |
||
− | leedstefen (<OE léodstefn), thing (dead sense of OE þing, shifted to object by c. 1300. Still retained in NHG Sache, which has both meanings.) |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | - |
||
+ | | samethick (cf. SW. ''samtycke'', IC. ''samþykki'', Dan./Norw. ''samtykke'') |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''asset''' |
|'''asset''' |
||
Line 2,705: | Line 3,014: | ||
|'''assiduous''' |
|'''assiduous''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | | hopping, tied-up, working |
+ | | hopping, tied-up, working, abiding |
| workfast |
| workfast |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''assign''' |
|'''assign''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |allot, deed, trust |
+ | |allot (non-Germanic prefix), foreset, deed, trust |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,720: | Line 3,029: | ||
|'''assist''' |
|'''assist''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |help, bestead, prop up |
+ | |help, bestead, prop up, Fultum (<OE) |
− | | filst (<OE fylstan) |
+ | | filst (<'''OE''' fylstan) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''assistance''' |
|'''assistance''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|help, backing, helping hand, lift |
|help, backing, helping hand, lift |
||
− | |filst (<OE fylst) |
+ | |filst (<'''OE''' fylst) |
+ | midhelp (<'''OE''' midhelp),<br />atstall (<'''OE''' ætstæl)<br />fultum (<'''OE''' fultum),<br />byhelp (cf. NHG Beihilfe) |
||
− | midhelp (<OE midhelp), |
||
− | atstall (<OE ætstæl) |
||
− | fultum (<OE fultum), |
||
− | byhelp (cf. NHG Beihilfe) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''assistant''' |
|'''assistant''' |
||
Line 2,736: | Line 3,042: | ||
|helper |
|helper |
||
| |
| |
||
− | filstend (<OE fylstend) |
+ | filstend (<'''OE''' fylstend)<br />atstandand (<'''OE''' ætstandend) |
+ | |- |
||
− | |||
+ | |'''associate''' |
||
− | atstandand (<OE ætstandend) |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | - |
||
+ | |ichurl |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''association''' |
|'''association''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |hookup, linkup, tie-up; brotherhood, guild, club, fellowship |
+ | |hookup, linkup, tie-up;<br />brotherhood, guild,<br />club, fellowship |
|underbind<br />forband (cf. NHG Verband) |
|underbind<br />forband (cf. NHG Verband) |
||
+ | dowiþ (< OE dōn + wiþ) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''assume''' |
|'''assume''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |deem; foreguess, bear, shoulder, undertake |
+ | |deem; foreguess, bear, shoulder, undertake, |
+ | Inim [''OE ge-nyman: to take up, to take on, assume''] |
||
| |
| |
||
− | hie/huy (<OE hycgan 'bear in mind, confide, trust) |
+ | hie/huy<br />(<'''OE''' hycgan 'bear in mind,<br />confide, trust) |
+ | smigh (<'''OE''' smēagan<br />'consider think about mediate examine scrutinize')<br />ween, |
||
+ | behowe (<'''OE''' behawian),<br />ettle (<'''OE''' eahtian) |
||
− | smigh (<OE smēagan 'consider think about mediate examine scrutinize') |
||
+ | |- |
||
− | ween, |
||
+ | |'''assure''' |
||
− | |||
+ | |vb |
||
− | behowe (<OE behawian), ettle (<OE eahtian) |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |forsaeka (<SW försäkra 'to insure; to get an insurance for', to ensure; to make certain, to assure; to give someone confidence in the trustworthiness of something) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aster''' |
|'''aster''' |
||
Line 2,774: | Line 3,088: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |angbreast (<OE angbreost) |
+ | |angbreast (<'''OE''' angbreost) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''astonish''' |
|'''astonish''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |astound, dumbfound, |
+ | |astound, dumbfound,<br />amaze, bewilder,<br />bewonder, startle, baffle |
| offwonder |
| offwonder |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| '''astonished''' |
| '''astonished''' |
||
| ''n'' |
| ''n'' |
||
− | | astounded, dumbfounded, amazed, bewildered, bewondered, startled |
+ | | astounded, dumbfounded,<br />amazed, bewildered,<br />bewondered, startled |
− | | offwondered (<OE ofwundrod) |
+ | | offwondered (<'''OE''' ofwundrod) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''astonishing''' |
|'''astonishing''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |amazing, astounding, blindsiding, eye-opening<br />startling; stunning, wonderful |
+ | |amazing, astounding,<br />blindsiding, eye-opening<br />startling; stunning, wonderful |
|bewondering |
|bewondering |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,794: | Line 3,108: | ||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | | rotherly (OE rodor) |
+ | | rotherly (<'''OE''' rodor), starly, star- |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''astrarium''' |
|'''astrarium''' |
||
Line 2,801: | Line 3,115: | ||
|tungletimer |
|tungletimer |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |'''Astrarium of Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio |
+ | |'''Astrarium of Giovanni<br />Dondi dell'Orologio''' |
− | ''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
Line 2,815: | Line 3,128: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|starcraft |
|starcraft |
||
− | |tungle sway, tungleshed (<OE tungolgescead) |
+ | |tungle sway,<br />tungleshed (<'''OE''' tungolgescead) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''astronaut''' |
|'''astronaut''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |heavensfarer , skytaker |
+ | | starman, heavensfarer, skyfarer, skytaker |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''astronomy''' |
|'''astronomy''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/starlore starlore], starlooking |
||
− | | starlooking, |
||
+ | | heavenlore |
||
− | |[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/starlore starlore], heavenlore |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''astute''' |
|'''astute''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |shrewd, cunning, |
+ | |shrewd, cunning,<br />sharp, quick-witted |
− | | yepe (<OE geap) |
+ | | yepe (<'''OE''' geap) |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''asymmetrical''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | |lopsided |
||
+ | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''asylum''' |
|'''asylum''' |
||
Line 2,852: | Line 3,170: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | |''' |
+ | |'''atheism''' |
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|godlessness |
|godlessness |
||
Line 2,860: | Line 3,178: | ||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|godless |
|godless |
||
− | |liefless, unliefsome, ungodsome |
+ | |liefless, unliefsome,<br />ungodsome |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''-ative''' |
|'''-ative''' |
||
Line 2,876: | Line 3,194: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
| |
| |
||
− | welkin, lofthelm (<OE lyfthelm) |
+ | welkin, lofthelm (<'''OE''' lyfthelm) Welkintrindle, Lofttrindle, Ethem (<OE meaning, breath, air atmosphere) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''atom''' |
|'''atom''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | | grot (ME, <OE grōt, "particle") |
+ | | grot (ME, <'''OE''' grōt, "particle") |
|formote, uncleft |
|formote, uncleft |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,895: | Line 3,213: | ||
|'''attack''' |
|'''attack''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |onslaught, onset, onrush, strike |
+ | |onslaught, onset, beset,<br />onrush, strike, blow, hit |
|hildrush, onshot |
|hildrush, onshot |
||
− | ongripe (<OE ongrype, cf. NHG Angriff) |
+ | ongripe<br />(<'''OE''' ongrype,<br />cf. NHG Angriff) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''attack''' |
|'''attack''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |raid, rush, strike |
+ | |raid, rush, strike, Bestorm |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
− | | |
+ | |'''attack helicopter''' |
− | | |
+ | |''n'' |
| - |
| - |
||
− | | strikenchopper |
+ | | strikenchopper |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''attain''' |
|'''attain''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|reach |
|reach |
||
+ | |acome |
||
− | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''attempt''' |
|'''attempt''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |bid, crash, fling, go |
+ | |bid, crash, fling, go,<br />shot, whack, whirl |
|cunning, fanding, minting |
|cunning, fanding, minting |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,922: | Line 3,240: | ||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|seek |
|seek |
||
− | |cun (<OE cunnian), fand, mint |
+ | |cun (<'''OE''' cunnian), fand, mint |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''attend''' |
|'''attend''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |hearken, mind; care, oversee, watch |
+ | |hearken, mind;<br />care, oversee, watch |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,932: | Line 3,250: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|steward |
|steward |
||
− | | thew, theen, atstandand (<OE ætstandend) |
+ | | thew, theen,<br />atstandand (<'''OE''' ætstandend) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''attention''' |
|'''attention''' |
||
Line 2,957: | Line 3,275: | ||
|'''attitude''' |
|'''attitude''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |standing, outlook, mood |
+ | |standing, outlook, mood, ways, behaving |
| installing (cf. Du. instelling) |
| installing (cf. Du. instelling) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 2,969: | Line 3,287: | ||
| draw, draw in |
| draw, draw in |
||
| |
| |
||
− | span (<OE spannan), adwell (<OE adwellan) |
+ | span (<'''OE''' spannan),<br />adwell (<'''OE''' adwellan) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''attractive''' |
|'''attractive''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|comely, fair, good-looking, handsome, winsome, sightly |
|comely, fair, good-looking, handsome, winsome, sightly |
||
− | |wlitty (<OE wlitig) |
+ | |wlitty (<'''OE''' wlitig) |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''attraction''' |
||
+ | |n |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |wondersight |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''attribute''' |
|'''attribute''' |
||
Line 2,980: | Line 3,303: | ||
|ownship |
|ownship |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |- |
||
− | |'''aubergine''' |
||
− | |''n'' |
||
− | | - |
||
− | |eywort, wind-healing wort (calque from Sanskrit) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''auction''' |
|'''auction''' |
||
Line 2,993: | Line 3,311: | ||
|'''audacious''' |
|'''audacious''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |daring, bold, ballsy, fearless, unafeared, cheeky, dare-all, dareful, unfearing, reckless<br />stoor |
+ | |daring, bold, ballsy,<br />fearless, unafeared, cheeky,<br />dare-all, dareful, unfearing, reckless<br />stoor |
| thriste |
| thriste |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 3,008: | Line 3,326: | ||
|'''audience''' |
|'''audience''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |listeners, hearing. |
||
− | |hearing, listeners |
||
+ | | eargathering, greetinghouse (<'''OE''') |
||
− | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''audio''' |
|'''audio''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|loud |
|loud |
||
+ | |listenet (listen+ [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-et#Old_English -et], cf. Eng. thicket) |
||
− | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''augment''' |
|'''augment''' |
||
Line 3,029: | Line 3,347: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
+ | |freit (<ME [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary/MED17619/track?counter=1&search_id=3822820 freit]), ontoken |
||
− | |ontoken |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aunt''' |
|'''aunt''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |''father's sister |
+ | |''father's sister'':<br />fathe (<'''OE''' Faðe or Faðu), Vaster<br />''mother's sister:''<br />modrey, mothrey (<'''OE''' Modrige or Modrie), Muster, |
+ | faye (<OE ''faþe'' "father's sister") |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aurora''' |
|'''aurora''' |
||
Line 3,041: | Line 3,360: | ||
dawning, daylight |
dawning, daylight |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''aurora australis''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |southern lights |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aurora borealis''' |
|'''aurora borealis''' |
||
Line 3,050: | Line 3,374: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|gold |
|gold |
||
− | | |
+ | |yellow dust |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''auscultation''' |
|'''auscultation''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| harkening |
| harkening |
||
− | |lossening (<OE hlosnian: to listen wait be on the lookout for) |
+ | |lossening<br />(<'''OE''' hlosnian: to listen wait<br />be on the lookout for) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''austere''' |
|'''austere''' |
||
Line 3,066: | Line 3,390: | ||
|hardliness |
|hardliness |
||
|tighthold |
|tighthold |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''Autism''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |selfdom |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''Australia''' |
|'''Australia''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Holland_%28Australia%29 New Holland] |
||
− | | - |
||
− | | Andland (cf. H Ic. proposal 'Andland,' found [http://extremeicelandic.blogspot.com/2011/11/andland-australia.html here] ) |
+ | | Andland (cf. H Ic.<br />proposal 'Andland,' found [http://extremeicelandic.blogspot.com/2011/11/andland-australia.html here] ); the Sutherlands, the Southern lands (from Latin "''terra australis''") |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''Austria''' |
|'''Austria''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
+ | |[[wiktionary:Austrick|Austrick]] ''(Scots)'' |
||
− | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
− | |Easternrick (<OHG Osterrici, cf. NHG 'Österreich) |
+ | |Easternrick (<'''OHG''' Osterrici,<br />cf. NHG 'Österreich) |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''autarchy''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |thralldom |
||
+ | |owndom; selfrike, selfkingdom; selfreevedom; ownrike; thrallreevedom |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''author''' |
|'''author''' |
||
Line 3,090: | Line 3,424: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|headship, shark; deathgrip |
|headship, shark; deathgrip |
||
− | |elderdom (<OE ealdordóm) |
+ | |elderdom (<'''OE''' ealdordóm) |
− | lorewdom, learnedom (<OE láréowdóm) swinge |
+ | lorewdom,<br />learnedom (<'''OE''' láréowdóm)<br />swinge |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''auto-''' |
|'''auto-''' |
||
Line 3,100: | Line 3,434: | ||
|'''autodidact''' |
|'''autodidact''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |selftaught |
+ | | selftaught |
+ | |selflearned |
||
− | | - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''automaker''' |
|'''automaker''' |
||
Line 3,113: | Line 3,447: | ||
knee-jerk |
knee-jerk |
||
− | ''gunning:'' self-loading, half-tilt, full-tilt |
+ | ''gunning:'' self-loading,<br />half-tilt, full-tilt |
− | | ''machinery:'' selfworking |
+ | | ''machinery:'' selfworking, selfdriving; selfdriven |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''automobile''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | - |
||
+ | | selfshifter (''calque'') |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''autonomy''' |
|'''autonomy''' |
||
Line 3,129: | Line 3,468: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |open bodyunderseeching |
+ | |open bodyunderseeching, deathreading |
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''Autotune''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |Selftune |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''autumn''' |
|'''autumn''' |
||
Line 3,144: | Line 3,488: | ||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
− | |dow (< archaic NE ''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dow dow]'' |
+ | |dow (< archaic '''NE''' ''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dow dow]''<br /><'''ME''' ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xIsYAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA119&ots=u9h4c1Vhvw&dq=middle%20english%20citizen&pg=PA179#v=onepage&q=dugan%20avail&f=false duʒen] ''< OE ''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dugan dugan]'';<br />cf. Sc. ''[http://www.archive.org/stream/dictionaryoflowl00mackrich#page/314/mode/2up/search/dow dow]'' ) |
frim, miling |
frim, miling |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''available''' |
|'''available''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | |free, in stock, at hand, forthcoming |
+ | |free, in stock,<br />at hand, forthcoming |
− | | arworthsome (calque), athandsome, atputsome |
+ | | arworthsome (calque),<br />athandsome, atputsome |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''avalanche''' |
|'''avalanche''' |
||
Line 3,161: | Line 3,505: | ||
|forhead |
|forhead |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''avant garde''' |
||
+ | |''adj'' |
||
+ | |cutting edge |
||
+ | |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''avarice''' |
|'''avarice''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| greed |
| greed |
||
− | |yetsing (<OE gitsung) |
+ | |yetsing (<'''OE''' gitsung) |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''avatar''' |
|'''avatar''' |
||
Line 3,190: | Line 3,539: | ||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|forestall, head off, stave off |
|forestall, head off, stave off |
||
− | |mithe, forecome, offwend, umbewend ''(redirect)'' |
+ | |mithe, forecome, offwend,<br />umbewend ''(redirect)'' |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aviary''' |
|'''aviary''' |
||
Line 3,196: | Line 3,545: | ||
|birdhouse, birdstow. |
|birdhouse, birdstow. |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''aviation''' |
||
+ | |''n'' |
||
+ | |flight |
||
+ | |flyingcraft |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''aviator''' |
|'''aviator''' |
||
Line 3,209: | Line 3,563: | ||
|'''avocado''' |
|'''avocado''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |soft apple |
+ | |butter pear; soft apple |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 3,215: | Line 3,569: | ||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
|miss, shun, ware |
|miss, shun, ware |
||
+ | stay away, keep away |
||
| |
| |
||
− | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mithe#English mithe] ''(obs.)'', forecome,< |
+ | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mithe#English mithe] ''(obs.)'', forecome,<br />sedge (<'''OE''' ġesecgan) |
− | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/umgang umgang], umgo (cf. NHG umgehen) |
+ | [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/umgang umgang], umgo<br />(cf. NHG umgehen) |
''(see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/um- um-])'' |
''(see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/um- um-])'' |
||
Line 3,229: | Line 3,584: | ||
|'''award''' |
|'''award''' |
||
|''vb'' |
|''vb'' |
||
− | |bestow |
+ | |bestow, acknowledge |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''axis''' |
|'''axis''' |
||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
− | |axle |
+ | |axle, shaft |
| - |
| - |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 3,241: | Line 3,596: | ||
| - |
| - |
||
|south hern (cf. Ic. Attarhorn) |
|south hern (cf. Ic. Attarhorn) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |A'''ztec''' |
||
+ | |n |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |Heronlander (A person from ''Aztlan'', which literally means "a place of herons") |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |'''Aztec''' |
||
+ | |adj |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | |Heronlandish |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''azure''' |
|'''azure''' |
||
|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
− | | haw (ME <OE hæwen) |
+ | | haw (ME <'''OE''' hæwen) |
| swail, blee |
| swail, blee |
||
|} |
|} |
||
+ | [[Category:Wordbooks]] |
Revision as of 18:45, 17 September 2020
Staff A of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WLG = West Low Theech
- ELG = East Low Theech
- NL = Netherlandish
- NHG = New High Theech
- IC = Icelandish
- HIC = High Icelandish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Theech
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Theech
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Theech
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
Chancery English | Class | Anglish/English | ||
Attested | Unattested | |||
a cappella | avb/adj | singing | loneglee, mouthglee, mouthly | |
a la carte | adj | - | by-the-list | |
a la mode | adj | trendy, running, (beef) cooked with wine | nowen, (beef) wine-stewed, (pie) with ice salve | |
aardvark | n | ant bear, ant-bear, antbear | earthpig, earthswine, earthfarrow | |
abacus | n | - | reckonboard (cf. NHG Rechenbrett) | |
abandon (non-Germanic prefix) | vb |
shed, forgo, forsake (Barnes) |
forban (cf. O.Frank. *ban (bor. OF à bandon), cf. OE bannan. In Anglish, the calque of abandon, at ban, would mean "at jurisdiction," making it a false friend), forlet (UK dialectal ~ cf. OE forlǣtan, Fr. ferlitte, Du. verlaten, Nw. forlate, NHG verlassen) of-give, up-give, forleave, forlese, unget | |
abandon (non-Germanic prefix) | n | 1:wantonness, recklessness.
2: forsaking |
1:overgive, with-ban
2:forban | |
abandonment (non-Germanic prefix & suffix) | n | forsaking, forgoing | shedding, forbanning | |
abandoned (non-Germanic prefix) | adj/vb | left behind, forsaken, forgotten, forgone | forbanned, forlet, forleft, forleased, ungotten | |
abase | vb | cheapen, warp; shame, sink, belittle, lay low, fell, drop | unar, anether | |
abash | vb | faze, ashame | - | |
abate | vb | drain away, drop off, dwindle, ease, ebb, fall away, lessen, let up, lower, shrink, wane | - | |
abattoir | n | slaughterhouse | - | |
abbess | n | mother | overmother | |
abbreviation | n | short for, shorthand | offshortening, forshortening, shortening, shortshape, shortstaving | |
abdicate | vb | step down, step aside from | - | |
abdomen | n | kite, quith (<OE cwiþ) riff (<OE hrif)
bouk (Eng., calque of all Ger. speeches) | ||
abduct | vb | kidnap, steal, lead away, offlead, nab | - | |
aberrant | n | black-sheep, weird | - | |
aberration | n | freak, way-outness | unfollowing | |
abet | vb | goad, spur, hearten | fuse (<ME fusen) | |
abhor | vb | hate, loathe, mislike | - | |
ability | n | skill, might, craft, ken, cunning, knack in-born: mother-wit |
formay (cf. Du. vermogen) | |
abject | adj | low | heanly (<OE heanlic), downcast (Barnes) | |
abjure | vb | forswear, take back, unsay, withdraw | swear off (cf. NHG abschwören), aftercwethe | |
ablactate | vb | wean | - | |
ablation | n | offtaking, offferrying | - | |
ablative | adj | - | atbraidingly, shiftfall (<Ic. skiftafall) | |
ablaut | n | - | offlloud | |
able | adj | fit, skilled |
dow, stand (cf. Dn, Nw, NHG) | |
-able | sfx | -worthy, -some, -bearing, -ly, -wende |
-endly/-ingly, -cannish, -canny -worth, (<OE -wierþe) -bear, -beare (cf. OE -bære, Fr. -ber, NHG -bar) | |
able to | phr | can, may, to be canny enough, to be cunning enough, up to | dow to, skilled to | |
ablution | n | washing, cleansing | furbing | |
abnegate | vb | forgo, forswear | - | |
abnormal | adj | amiss, unwonted, odd | unmean, unshapely (Barnes) | |
abolish | vb | end, let die out, die off, stop; quench, black out, stamp out, sweep away, wipe out |
fordo, forend, adiley (<OE ādīlegian) offship (cf. NHG abschaffen) | |
abominable | adj | awful, dreadful, evil, loathsome, sickening | shandful (<OE scandful, cf. NGH/Du. schandvoll), slithely, besmearful, wargedly (<OE) | |
aboriginal | adj | inborn, dwelt before | firstfolkish, orfolkly (see or- ) | |
aborigine | n | - | orfolk (OE or 'origin') firstfolk, beginner-folk, (see or- ) | |
abort | vb | lay off, call off, end | - | |
abortion | n | misbirth | forbirthing, awaywarpness (<OE) | |
abound | vb | brim, teem, overflow | - | |
abrasion | n | graze, scrape | - | |
abridge | vb | cut back, forshorten, cut | littlen (<OE) | |
abrupt | adj | anon, at once, quick, fast, steep | shorn (<OE scoren) | |
abscess | n | swelling | atterboil (cf. NHG Eiterbeule, Du. etterbuil) | |
abscond | vb | break out, run off, steal away | - | |
absence | n |
time off, lack, needfulness, want; dearth |
offwardness (<OE) | |
absent | adj | missing, wanting, out | offward (<OE) | |
absenteeism | n | how often out | offwardness | |
absent-mindedness | n | daydreaming, flighty, thoughtless, unheeding, unmindful, woolgathering | - | |
absinthe | n | wormwood drink | - | |
absolute | adj | unanswering, answering to none, God-king
outright, utter, full, rank, checkless (Barnes) |
- | |
absolutely | adv | fully, wholly, dead | - | |
absolve | vb | forgive | offloosen (Barnes) | |
absorb | vb | drink, soak, sop, soak in, soak up, suck up, take up; grip; burn, drain, draw down, play out | bedrink (<OE bedrincan) up-soak, forsoak (Barnes) | |
abstain (from) | vb | forbear (Barnes), forego withhold, hold back swear off |
- | |
abstinence | n | - | forbearing, forhaveness (<OE forhæfnes) | |
abstract | vb | withdraw, take from, pull out, seethe out | - | |
abstract | adj | dreamlike, foggy, floating | fallenly, unbodied | |
abstract | n | withdrawal, outline | outpulling, outdraught, offdrawal (abstraction) | |
abundance | n | wealth, lot | fullsomeness (<OE) | |
abundant | adj | teeming, swarming, overflowing, fulsome, rife, fat, thick, awash | - | |
abuse | vb | scathe, mishandle, smite, strike, harm, wound | hean (<OE hienan), smittle, misbrook | |
abysmal | adj | lowest, at bottom, deep, hellish, in the hole, hopeless, dreadful 2. fathomless, bottomless |
netherly, unfathomly | |
abyss | 1. hell 2. depth, ground, deep, pit, netherworld |
newel (<OE neowol)
offground (cf. NGH. Abgrund, Du. Afgrond) | ||
acacia | n | thorn tree, whistling thorn, wattle | thornbloom, hookthorn | |
academia | n | - | learnedom, loredom, frod (<OE), lorekeep, brainhall, highspire, bookborough, mindthralldom | |
academic or academik | n/adj | highbrow, book-learned, bookish | moot, booksome, lorewise, mighty-brained n: loreman | |
açaí | n | - | koleberry | |
accede | vb | - | agree: thware (<OE) | |
accelerate | vb | speed up, spur, quicken (Barnes) | yare, swiften | |
acceleration | n | speeding up | yareness, swifteness | |
accent | n | twang, drawl, sound | tungfall (cf. Du. tongval ), word-strain (Barnes) | |
accept | vb | swallow, trust; bear, shoulder; intake (Barnes) |
thave, thware (<OE þwarian 'to bring into agreement, make harmonious') ontake, onfang (<OE onfon) | |
acceptable | adj | all right, fair, good | thwaringly, thewsome,
quemely (<OE cwēmlīċ) | |
access | n | doorway, gateway, key | infare, ingoing | |
accessible | adj | at hand | yea-fare, thuringly | |
accessory | n | - | bykeeper, deedmate (Barnes) | |
accident | n | mishap; hap, luck, befall | unfall (cf. NHG unfall) , hapliness (Barnes) | |
accidental | adj | unwitting | fallenly, happensome (Barnes) | |
accompany | vb | go with, follow, see off |
beglide (cf. Du. begeleiden, NHG begleiten), samodsithe (<OE samodsīðian) | |
accomplish | vb phr | fulfill, sow up, bring about, reach | fulcome (<ME ful-cǒmen) | |
accomplishment | n | bringing(s)-forth; Shakespeare | ||
accord | n | deal, meeting of minds | thaving, thwaring | |
accordion | n | - | bellowharp | |
according to | adj | as of, by, true to
quoth |
nigh (cf. NHG nach), after, following (calque) | |
account | n | ledger, reckoning, log | reckoning (cf. Du. rekening, Fr. rekken), reckonbook, reckonreme (reme - number) | |
account of | vb | take of, witness (give) | forof (on) | |
accountant | n | - | teller (cf. Du. tal, NHG Zahle 'number') | |
accumulate | vb | heap, upheap, build up, gather up | - | |
accumulation | vb | unheaping | - | |
accurate | adj | right on, spot-on | swotel (<OE sweotol)
narrowcore (calque of Du. nauwkeurig, narrow - core 'choice') | |
accusation | noun | bewraying (cf. Eng. bewrayment) | - | |
accusative (case) | adj | - | wrayingly (<OE wregendlic)
end-case (Barnes) tholfall (cf. Ic. þolfall) whonefall (<OE hwone, the accusative of "hwæt", refer to German "wen" and "Wenfall") | |
accuse | vb | wray, guilt |
atwite fromtyghtle (<OE frumtyhtle, falsely: | |
accustom | vb | wean, wean on, wean to | onwone (Barnes) | |
accustomed | adj | wont, used to | - | |
acephalous | adj | headless (Barnes) | - | |
acetone | n | - | sourghost | |
achievement | n | bringing(s)-forth; Shakespeare | ||
acid | n/adj | - | sour | |
acne | n | - | redmeal (OE mal 'spot') | |
aconite | n | wolfsbane | - | |
acoustics | n | - | dinlore | |
acquaint | vb | befriend, get to know | ken (<OE cunnan (“to become acquainted with, to know”)) | |
acquaintance | n | friend, neighbor, kith | kenning | |
acquiesce | vb | bow | thave (<OE) | |
acquire | vb | earn, foster, get, win | beget (<OE) | |
acquisition | n |
windfall (unexpected) |
begetting | |
acrobat | n | - | stringtumb | |
acropolis | n | high town, upper town, show town | highborough, highbury | |
across | adv | over | thwarse, thweer, athwart (Barnes) | |
act | n | deed, work, play, behaving | - | |
act | vb | do, work, behave, happen | - | |
action | n | deed (Barnes), doing, work, do (as, 'all talk and no do'), liveliness, behaving, happening |
ishown (<OE ġescēon, cf. NHG Geschehen)
dodrive | |
activate | vb | switch on | - | |
active | adj | switched on, snell, deedy; mettlesome, springy; hopping, tied-up, unruly |
ongoing, doingsome (Barnes), doughty, sprack (Barnes) | |
activist | n | browbeater, henpecker, backer, upholder, fighter, diehard, wrangler, arm-bender, bully, busybody, blusterer |
- | |
actor/actress | n | player, showman | showplayer [cf. NHG Schauspieler(in)] | |
actual | adj | sooth, soothfast, true | new, nowly | |
actually | adv | indeed, truly, soothly, forsooth, truthfully,
all in all, truth to tell, word for word |
workly, echtly (see echt), wittedly (<OE) | |
acupuncture | n | pinpricking | nailhealing | |
acute | adj | sharp, high (Barnes), keen, honed; shrill (accent) | swotel | |
A.D. | adv | in the year of our lord | Y.L. | |
ad infinitum | adv | forevermore | at eke, ekely, for eke, unto everness | |
adamant | adj | unyielding, unswayed, loud | - | |
adaptable | adj | - | onwending (cf. Du. aanwendbaar) | |
adapter | n | - | eck-on, fayfitter | |
add | vb | fay, eke
"fay to this wordbook!" |
reckon up, put on, onput (Barnes), at-eke (OE) | |
add up | vb | cast up, tally up | - | |
addict | n | - | soughtier (cf. NHG Süchtiger) | |
addicted | adj | - | soughty (cf. NHG süchtig) | |
addiction | n | craving, yearning | sought (<ME soght cf. NHG Sucht) | |
addition | n | faying | togive | |
additional | adj | - | bycoming (Du. bijkomend), coming by | |
additionally | adv |
again, also, besides, either, further, furthermore, likewise, moreover, then, too, withal, yet, over and above |
eke (also) | |
address | vb | call, name, clip, bespeak | at-speak, bequethe, hote | |
address | n | link | sitline (<OE: asittan 'to live together'), callword | |
adept | adj | skillful, skilled, good, deft, cunning | - | |
adequate | adj | right, even, fair, fit, befitting, becoming | makeshift/ make-do | |
adhere | vb | cling, stick, cleave to, follow, stand by |
at-cleave (<OE) oncleave (Barnes) | |
adherence to good morals | n | - | thewfastness | |
adherent | n | follower, stalwart | - | |
adiposis | n | overweight | fat | |
adjacent | adj | near, next, neighboring, beside, by | - | |
adjective | n | - | mark-word (Barnes) | |
adjunct | n | helpmate, sidekick | - | |
adjust | vb | set, fit, gear | forstell (cf. NHG/Du. verstellen)
(see stell) | |
admonish | vb | - | formone (cf. Du. vermanen) | |
administer | vb | wield, deal, lot, begive | bewit | |
administration | n | dealing, shire, begiveness | shiredom, shirecraft,rikedom | |
admiral | n | - | fleethelm, fleetleader, fleetwielder (wielder < OE walda) | |
admire | vb | look up to | bewonder, Belook | |
admission | n | doorway | thwaring | |
admit | vb |
let in, acknowledge, welcome, greet, take in confess: own up |
andet (<OE andhetan)
give to (cf. NHG zugeben, Du. toegeven) confess: beknow (Eng.) sense to join a club, society, admit to hospital, etc: Instep, Onsend, Tosend, Intake | |
admonish | vb | chide, forewarn, upbraid, warn | tell off, man (<OE manian) | |
adolescence | n | youthhood, growing up | teenhood | |
adolescent | n | youth, youngling, youngster, teen | - | |
adopt | vb | take on, follow; take in, mother, rear, foster, bring up, take care of |
intake | |
adoption | n | fostering | intaking | |
adorable | adj | comely, lovely, looksome, dear, sweet | - | |
adorn | vb | bedight, bedeck, yare, trim, bedizen |
breen (<OE berenian) with precious stones: | |
adrenaline | n | - | thringweald | |
adulation | n | - | hallowing | |
adult | n | grown-up | fulwaxener (see Eng. waxen), waxen | |
adulthood | n | - | waxenhood | |
adultery | n | - | wedlock breach, wedbreach, bedswerving. 2. forlairness (<OS Farlegarnessi; see OE leġer) | |
adumbrate | vb | outline | - | |
advance | vb | make inroads, forward, further, go (on)
trans. put forth |
forthgo, forespring, wade on | |
advance | n | inroads, headway; breakthrough in advance: beforehand |
forthgoing, forespring | |
advanced | adj | quick, ahead, higher, better, hard, tough, skilfull, clever, manifold, knotted, snarled | forthstridden, foresprang | |
advancing | adj | striding, forespringing | - | |
advantage | n | boon, foredeal, high ground, upper-hand | boot, behoof, upside | |
advantageous | adj | helpful, worthwhile | behovely, frimful/frimly (<OE frimlic) | |
advection | n | Tobearing, Atbearing, Onbearing | ||
advent | n | coming, onset, showing up, calling on, coming forth | foreyule, foreyuletide, (Forechristmas) | |
adventure | n | happening, time; flutter, throw, undertaking, fare | rose (<OE rās)
wayspell (cf. Sw.vågspel) | |
adventurous | adj | daring, free-swinging, gutsy, bold | rosey, free-ghostly | |
adverb | n | - | byword (cf. NHG. Beiwort, Du. bijwoord, Dn. biord) | |
adversarial | n | - | thwartsome (Barnes), witherlike, gainsaying, fiendish, foelike | |
adversary | n | foe, witherling, fiend | withersake (<OE wiþersaca, cf. NGH. Widersacher) | |
adversity | n | ill, knock, mishap; hardship, hurdle, pitfall | thwartsomeness, hardhap, witherness | |
adversive | n | - | thwartsome, withersome | |
advertize | vb | boost, play up, show off | showmede | |
advertisement | n | boostering, showing | ||
advice | n | tip, help, read, reading | rede (<OE raed, cf. Du. raad, NGH. Rat) | |
advisable | adj | Redesome (cf. NHG ratsam) | ||
advise | vb | Beread, Berede | berede, mind | |
advocacy | n | boost, boostership, backing | forespeech (<OE forespræċ, cf. NHG. Fürsprache, Du. voorspraak) | |
advocate | n/vb | plead for, uphold, back up; spokesman, stand up for |
forspeak (<OE foresprecan, NHG fürsprechen) | |
aerial | adj | skywards, aloft, lofty, soaring, spirelike | loften (<OE lyften) | |
aerodynamic | adj | streamlined | wind deft, windfit, loftlithe | |
aerodynamics | n | - | loftcraft (calque Gk.) | |
aeronaut | n | flyer | roomfarer (room = space; cf. NHG Raum...) | |
aerospace | n | skycraft, skyworks | loftroom | |
Æsir | n | ghosts, gods, undead, fiends, wicked wights; foes | Ese (<OE ese; see The Elder Gods by Stephen Pollington), wodes | |
aesthetic | adj | comely, fair, seemly, befitting, good looks | wlitty (< OE wlitig) | |
affair | n | fling; blowout; handiwork; happening; business |
inting (< OE intinga) | |
affect | vb | lead to, strike, inflow, sway; wend, shift, switch, Iwake (< OE
gewaecan), Ifreme (< OE ge-freme) Awork (< OE a-wyrcan) |
frother (Du. veranderen) | |
affection | n | fondness; illness; leaning; hallmark; sweetness, dearness | child: bairnlove (<OE bearnlufe) | |
affectionate | adj | loving, warm-hearted, indearing, sweet | lovesome (Barnes) | |
affiance | vb | betroth | - | |
affinity | n | leaning, kinship, sibred | sibhood | |
affirm | vb | - |
foraye (Barnes), | |
affirmative | adv | aye, yea, so, yes, yeah, yep | yea-some, yea-ly, ayesome | |
affix | n | stick on, put on | wordfastening | |
afflict | vb | ail, smite, dretch |
swench (<OE swinc), | |
affluence | n | wealth, riches, fat | weal, ethe | |
affluent | adj | wealthy, well-off, well-to-do rich, fat |
- | |
afraid | adj | aghast, fearful, frightened | afeared | |
Africa | n | - | Highsun | |
age | n | oldness, world, time, tide | eld, tide (era) | |
age | vb | olden: mellow, ripen, elden | eld | |
aged | adj | elderly, old(en), yore | forolden, full-blown, full-fledged, grown. | |
agenda | n | to-do-list, ledger | worklist (cf. Fr. wurklist), reckonleaf | |
agent | n | follower, minion (came from M.Frankish, but firstly from PG) | - | |
agglomerate | vb | huddle | clodden (Barnes) | |
agglomeration | n | crowding, heaping, clodding, | swelltown | |
agglutinate | vb | wordlink | upcleam (Barnes) | |
aggression | n | go-getting | fightsomeness (built on Barnes), winsomeness | |
aggressive | adj | go-getting | fightsome (Barnes), winsome | |
aggressor | n | raider | scather | |
agile | adj | nimble, limber, lithe light-footed, yare |
- | |
agitate(d) | vb | stir, toss, keyed-up | - | |
agitation | n | worry | mindfret, seething, churning | |
aglet | n | - | needling, shoestring tip | |
agoraphobia | n | - | steadfear | |
agree | vb | settle on, fit, hold with (Barnes), stand [with], stick [with], yeasay |
thwear (<OE þwǽrian) forewyrd (<OE forewyrdan) | |
agreeable | adj | - | likeworthy, likable | |
agreement | n | deal, meeting of minds | mirth, thwaring, thaving, soom (<OE som) | |
agrarian/agricultural | adj | field (Barnes) | - | |
agriculture | n | farming, tilling, harvest | fieldlore, earth-tilth (Barnes), cropcraft landwardship (cf. NHG Landwirtschaft) | |
agrostology | n | - | grasslore | |
aichmophobia | n | needlefright | - | |
aid | n | helpmate, sidekick; backing, helping hand, leg up | filst (<OE fylst)
atstall (<OE ætstæl) fultum (<OE fultum/fulteam) | |
aid | vb | help, bestead | filst (<OE fylstan), andfilst (<OE andfylstan) | |
aimsome | adj | single-minded (Barnes) | - | |
AIDS | n | - | Earned Bodyweir Scantness Sickness | |
aim | n | goal, mark | tile (< OE tilian "to aim", cf. NHG Ziel)
ettle | |
aim at | vb | sight, take sight on | eye for, nought in, tile (< OE tilian, NHG zielen) | |
air | n/vb |
wind, breath, loft; vb: broadcast; freshen |
loft (<OE loft (through Old Norse), cf. NHG Luft, Du. lucht), lift (<OE lyft) life's breath | |
air force | n | sky might, sky arm | loft-weir, loftmight (cf. Du. luchtmacht), skyheer (< OED heer=army) | |
airplane | n | wing craft, kite (slang), flightcraft | flycraft (OE, floegan; loftcraft, stycraft from OE: upstigen to move up rise ascend), wingwain, flysarrow, sarrowbird (sarrow - technical wonder); tinbird (NZ Slang) | |
airport | n | flight field (< Ice) landing field, sky harbor, landing strip | flyfield, lofthub, lofthaven (calque) | |
airship | n | Zeppelin, skyship | - | |
aisle | n | path, lane | gangway | |
alarm clock | n | - | waker (cf. NHG: Wecker, Du wekker)
wire-waker, wirerooster | |
alas | interj | alack, ay, woe | welaway, lackaday, alack | |
albedo | n | - | whiteness (<ME<OE hwitness), whiteshine, glowwhite | |
albino | n | - | whiteling | |
album | n | - | whitebook
music album (f.b, Thriller): gleebook | |
albumen | n | egg white | egg lime | |
alchemy | n | - | orecraft | |
alcohol | n | booze, firewater | wineghost, áfengi | |
alcoholic | adj | boozer | - | |
alcoholic | n | sot, drunkard, boozer | malt-worm | |
alert | adj | awake, mindful, watchful; heedful, wary; numble, sharp-witted; ready, willing |
gleg rathe (<OE rathe) | |
algorithm | n | - | reckonwrit | |
alien | n/adj | way-out, fremd, outlandish, outsider; evil ghost, kidnapper | Fremd (Eng./NHG. fremd), Elster, Elend, Otherling | |
alienate | vb | - | Befremd (NHG. Befremden) see fremd | |
alienation | n | unfriendliness | Befremding | |
align | vb | set up, fit, shape (into a line) | - | |
allegiance | n | - | truthness | |
allegory | n | likeness | forlikening (Barnes) | |
allergy | n | - | overfeeling, haysneezing, fremdcasting (an allergic reaction casts out foreign cells such as pollens) | |
alleviate | vb | allay, lighten, soften | - | |
alley | n | walk, lane, byroad, pathway, walkway, gangway, laneway, ginnel | - | |
alliance | n | bond, band, tie | - | |
allied | adj | banded, befriended | fayed | |
alligator | n | - | broadmouthnix | |
alliteration | n | - | staffrime (cf. NNl stafrijm, NHG Stabreim), staverime, mate-penning (Barnes) | |
allocate | vb | earmark, let, deal out | fordeal | |
allotment | n | - | alloting (non-Germanic prefix), allotness (non-Germanic prefix), fordealing | |
allow | vb | let (Barnes), leave, give the green light for | thwore (<OE þwárian)
thave (<OE þafian) aleave (<OE ālīefan, cf. NHG erlauben) | |
allowable | adj | - | thwaresome, thavesome | |
alloy | n | mix, blend, meld | mastling | |
All Saints Day | n | Allhallowsmas, Hallowmas, All Hallows’ | - | |
allude | vb | hint (at), touch (on), link (to), liken (to) | anent | |
allure | vb | draw to, beguile, ensnare | spane (<OE spanan), adwell | |
Ally | n | Ithoft, Ifolk, Ihild, Ifight, Ilie, Ilay | ||
almanac | n | yearbook | - | |
alphabet | n |
ABCs
|
staverow (<OE stæfrǣw)
abecede, runeline, runecraft, runebook, | |
altar | n | weved (< OED, wigh bed, “holy bed”) | giftboard, worship board glowstead, gleedstead (<OE glédstede) wighbed (< OE wigbed, “holy bed”) harrow (<OE hearg, cf. OHG harug) | |
alter | vb | shift, wend | frother (cf. Fr. feroar, Du. veranderen, NHG. verändern) | |
altercation | n | flite, brangle, brawl, row, dust-up | - | |
alternate | v | waver, switch, become, shift | - | |
alternative | adj | other | - | |
altitude | n | height | highmete, aloftness | |
altruism | n | selflessness | - | |
altruistic | adj | selfless, unselfish | - | |
aluminum | n | canstuff | ||
Alzheimers | n | the long goodbye | (non-anglish: the slow funeral) | |
amass | vb | gather, heap, huddle | mill | |
amateur | n | greenhorn, beginner, starter, newcomer, newbie | - | |
amazon | n | - | bandfighters (calque of Old Persian *hamazan)
wyewoman (calque of Irish banghaiscíoch and Scottish Gaelic ban-laoch) | |
ambassador | n | - | rikesboder, landspellsman | |
amber | n | - | brimstone, glarestone, burnstone, elksand (<OE eolhsand) | |
ambidextrous | adj | both-handed, two-handed, either-handed | umberight, umbecrafty, umbehandy | |
ambience | n | mood, feeling | roomfeel | |
ambiguous | adj | - | twiwordy (<OE twiwyrdig), twisided (Barnes); twi-meaning. twimeaning, unsifer, | |
ambiguity | n | - | twiwordiness | |
ambivalence | n | - | waver | |
ambivert | n | - | twigoer | |
ambiverted | adj | - | twigoing | |
ambulance | n | - | sickwain crankwain (<NHG Krankenwagen) | |
ambulant | adj | roving, wandering, wayfaring | - | |
ambush | n/ vb | net, web; waylay (Barnes), forlay | inbush | |
ameliorate | vb | better | eather | |
amen | interj |
- |
soothly (<OE soþlice) so be it (used in the early English Reformation), true dat (colloquial), yelayay | |
America | n | New World |
Markland (<OE mearcland "borderland," cognate to ON markland, the name given by Leif Eriksson to a Labrador shoreline; the element m a r k incidentally shares the same three consonant sounds as A m e r i c a) Westlands, Redlands | |
amicable | adj | friendly, hail-fellow-well-met | blithe | |
amigo | n | friend | - | |
ammonia | n | - | hartshorn | |
amnesia | n | blackout | eftmind loss | |
amoeba | n | - | shapeshifter, slimebrick, slimedeer (cf. Ic. slímdýr) | |
amorphous | adj | shapeless | - | |
amount | n | score, lot, whit, deal (Barnes) | - | |
amount | vb | come up | bedraw (cf. NHG betragen, Du. bedragen) | |
ampersand | n | - | andtoken | |
amphibian | n | - | lurrow (cf. NHG Lurche), shoredeer, frogdeer (cf. Ic. froskdýr) | |
amphibious | adj | - | two-breathed (Barnes) | |
amphitheater | n | - | playstow, umbewitstow | |
ample | adj | broad, large, roomy | ||
amplifier | n | - | forstronger | |
amplify | vb | - | outbroaden (Barnes) | |
amplitude | n | breadth, reach, width | - | |
amputate | v | cut (off), rend, snithe, forcarve, limb, belimb | - | |
amputated | v/adj | cut (off), cutted (off) (non-standard past tense), rent/rended, snothe/snithed, forcorve/forcarved, limbed, belimbed | - | |
amputation | n | cutting (off), rending, snithing, forcaving, limbing, belimbing | cutness, cutoffness, rendness, snitheness, forcaveness, limbness, belimbness | |
amusement | n | fun, game, fun and games | ||
amusing | adj | - | listing | |
anachronism | n | mistiming (Barnes) | - | |
anaconda | n | - | whipsnake | |
anesthetic | adj | unsightly | dwale | |
anagram | n | - | stavewrixel | |
anal | adj | bottom, ?bum — | arsely, arsen | |
analgesic | n | numbing | andwark | |
analog | adj | gear-driven | - | |
analogy | n | - | alikeword | |
analyze | vb | look at | forloosen (Barnes); think through, unthread, unriddle. Onlight, Onseek, Forloosen, Uploosen, Upsunder Nease (<OE to search, to find out by inquiry) Onnease, Anease | |
anarchism | n/adj | - | lawlessholth, lawlesshood | |
anarchy | n | lawlessness |
redelacking, ethellessness | |
anastomosis | n | shunt | - | |
anathema | n | - | forputting (calque Gk. anathema) | |
anatomy | n | - | bodylore | |
ancestor | n | forebearer, forefather, elder, forerunner, fore-elder, alder-father, spearside, spindleside
forekin |
foremother, foreolder, alder-mother | |
ancestry | n | strain, seed, bloodties, house |
strind | |
ancient | adj | hoary, olden, old-time
foreold (Barnes) |
fern (<OE fyrn)
orold (calque of NHG uralt), | |
ancient times | n | yoretide | - | |
andiron | n | firedog | firegoat | |
androgyny | n | - |
werewifehood (Calque of the Greek + "hood") | |
android | n | - | manhue/werehue (cf. Greek andros 'man' and oeidēs 'hue' (<OE hiw)) | |
anemometer | n | - | windmeter (Barnes) | |
anemone | n | - | windrose | |
anesthesia | n | - | unfeeler (calque)
number (one who numbs) | |
angel | n | - | rotherer, errandghost (<OE ærendgást) | |
anger (O.N. loanword) | n | madness, wrath, uptightness, waspishness | greme (<OE grama), waspness | |
angle | n | nook, bight, winkle | nookspan, nookwidth, hook, hurn (<OE hyrne), whem (<OE hwemm) | |
angry (O.N. loanword) | adj | mad, wrathful, uptight, waspish, wasp | - | |
anguish | n | woe, sorrow, heartbreak, heartache, throe | angsomeness, bosom-hell | |
angular | adj | - | nook-shot, sharp-nooked, straight-edged, hyrned (<OE hyrnen), edgy | |
animal | n | being | deer, wight (<OE wiht), wilder, soulend, livle, nite (<OE nēat), neat (from OE, like neatsfoot oil), neatenkind (<OE) | |
animate | vb | liven, enliven literary: quicken (Barnes) |
besoul (cf. NHG beseelen, Du. bezielen) | |
animation | n | drawn film | - | |
anime | n | - | dawnlandish livedrawing | |
animosity | n | hate(red) | - | |
annals | n | - | year-bookings | |
annelid | n | ringworm | - | |
annex | vb | - | onend (on+end) (cf. NHG Anschluss) | |
annihilate | vb | wipe out, | fornaughten (Barnes)
benothing (Eng.) | |
annihilation | n | wrecking | fornaughting, spild (OE) | |
anniversary | n | yearday, yeartide (Barnes), Frealstide (<OE a festival of the church, an anniversary), Year-imind (<OE) | mind day (<OE gemynddaeg) | |
Anno Domini | adv | in the year of our lord | - | |
annotate | vb | mark | bemark | |
annotation | n | marking | bemarking (NGH Bemerkung) | |
announce | vb | ban, bode, bid, kithe | forcouth (<OE cýðan, cf. NHG verkünden) meld (<OE meldian, cf. NHG./Du. melden) forthspell, spell out | |
announcement | n | - | oncouthing (cf. NHG Ankündigung) | |
annoy | vb | irk (Barnes), nettle | - | |
annoying | adj | irksome (Barnes) | - | |
annual | adj | yearly | - | |
annual | n | yearbook | - | |
annul | vb | fordo, call off | - | |
annuli astronomici | n | Gemma's Rings | - | |
anoint | v | smear, salve (<MW, cf. OE sealf & cf. NHG. Salbe; do not confuse with Latin homonym) | anele, throughsmear (<OE þūrhsmyrian) | |
anonymous | adj | nameless, unnamed, unknown | - | |
anorexia nervosa | n | - | foodshy, eatshy, fastlust | |
antagonist | n |
fiend, foe |
witherling, gainstander | |
antarctic | n | southend | - | |
Antarctica | n | South End | South Hern, Underland | |
antecedence | n | beforemath, foregoing | - | |
antediluvian | adj | - | foreflood | |
antenna | n | - | yardhorn, sailyard, feelers (biology) | |
Ante Meridiem | phr | Before Midday (calque) | - | |
antelope | n | pronghorn (specifically American antelopes) | sawhorn, wildbuck | |
anterior | adj | foreward; foregoing, former | - | |
anterior | n | fore, foreside | - | |
anthem | n | - | folksong (cf. NHG./Du. volkslied), landsong | |
anthocyanin | n | - | flowerblue | |
anthology | n | reader | fayness | |
Anthropocene | n | Mantide | ||
anthropology | n | - | theedlore, manlore, werelore | |
anti-vaxx | adj | - | wither-imp | |
antibiotic | n | gainrodlifeanwork | ||
antisemite | adj | Jew-hater | - | |
anticipate | vb | foretell, foresee | - | |
anticlockwise | adj/adv | widdershins | withclockwise, withershins | |
antics | n | - | odd behaveness, childishness | |
anticonstitutionally | adv | - | witherlawwritly withlawwritly | |
antidisestablishmentarianism | n | - | gainunstathelingmanness | |
antidote | n | - | atterloathe (<ME atterllothe) | |
antigen | n | - | offweirstuff | |
antihero | n | - | banestar, gainheleth, withheleth, witherheleth | |
antilope | n | - | buck (cf. Afr. bok)
bloomgoat | |
antimatter | n | - | gainstuff, witherstuff, unbeing, unstuff | |
antipathy | n | mislike | - | |
antipope | n | gainfather (cf. NHG gegenpapst) | ||
antiquated | adj | careworn, timestruck | - | |
antique | n | eldern, barn-find, timeless-ware(s) | ||
antique | adj | barn-find (antique: more than a hundred years old; vintage: several decades old) | ||
antiquity | n | olden days; oldness, eldnerliness |
afern (OE fyrn 'former, ancient') | |
antiseptic | adj | - | withersmite | |
antistatism | n | - |
witherlawwardness | |
antistatist | adj | - | witherlawmootish | |
antistatist | n | - | leedward witherling | |
antitoxin | n | - | gainatter | |
antler | n | - | blowhorn (<OE blōwan) | |
antonym | n | - | witherword gainword (cf. NHG gegenwort) | |
anulus | n | ring | - | |
anus | n | arsehole(vulgar), asshole (American, vulgar; note that arse is not said as often in America) | arse-thirl (OE: earsþerl); back-tharm;
endring | |
anxiety | n | worry, fear | angness, angens, angs, moodcare | |
aorta | n | - | loftleat | |
apart | adj | cleaved, sundered, shedded | - | |
apart from | adv | aside, asunder | - | |
apartment | n | flat, room, by-room | woning (cf. NHG Wohnung) | |
apathetic | adj | samewise | - | |
aperture | n | opening, breech, hole | - | |
apex | n | tip, yop, top | - | |
aphid | n | greenfly, blackfly | wortlice | |
aphrodisiac | n | - | lustdrive | |
apiculture | n | beekeeping | ||
apogee | n | - | hightip | |
apologise | vb | say sorry |
forshild, unshild (cf. Du. verontschuldigen, NHG. entschuldigen, see shild) | |
apology | n | sorry | rueword, sorroword, belading (<OE) defense: besaying, forespeech (<OE forespræċ) | |
apostate | n | backslider | - | |
apostasy | n | backsliding | backslideness, backslidehood | |
apostle | n | errand-bearer | errander, errand-wakener (OE ærendwrecca), sendling, fro-sent | |
apothecary | n | - | libshop | |
apparel | n | clothes, wear, threads, weed | glad rags, donnings, step-outs | |
apparent | adj | seeming | eyeshinely (cf. NHG. augenscheinlich, Du. ogenschijnlijk) | |
apparently | adv/phr | seemingly, at first sight, in name only, on the outside, openly, to the eye, as it shows | staringly, eyeshinely (cf. NHG. augenscheinlich, Du. ogenschijnlijk) | |
appeal | vb | call (upon) | ask, beckon, clepe | |
appealing | adj | fair, winsome, sightly | - | |
appear | vb | show up, beseem | tew up (cf. OE ætīwan, ætywan), forshine (cf. Du. verschijnen, NHG. erscheinen) | |
appearance | n |
blee, look, cast, hue |
leer, eyeshine (NHG. Augenschein) | |
appease | vb | soothe, allay | frithen | |
appellation | n | name | - | |
appendage | n | limb | - | |
appendicitis | n | - | blindgut addle | |
appendix | n | - | organ: blindgut, blindtharm (cf. Fr. blineterm, NHG Blinddarm) book: tack-on, onhang (cf. NHG Anhang) | |
appetite | n | craving, hunger | - | |
appetizer | n | starter | foremeal | |
application | n | bearing, putting-on | - | |
applause | n | standing and clapping | byfall (cf. NHG Beifall, Du. bijval) | |
apply | vb | beseech, lay on, spread | bewharve (cf. NHG bewerben, see wharve) | |
appoint | vb | afix, set up, earmark, deem, settle, name |
wend out | |
appreciate | v | be thankful | ||
apprehension | n | foreboding, misgiving | - | |
apprentice | n | beginner, learner | learnend | |
approach | vb | near, be nigh, draw near to, come forth, creep up on | nighletch (<OE neahlæcan) | |
approach | n | means, way | ||
approaching | adj | nearing, forthcoming, upcoming, oncoming | nighleching | |
appropriate | adj | befitting, seemly, meet | roadly (cf. OE geradlic) | |
approve | v | let, bid
approve of: laud |
||
approximate | adj | rough, near, loose | - | |
approximately | adv | about, roughly, nearly, nigh | umb | |
appurtenance | n | - | sidemarking, nethermark | |
April | n | - | Eastermonth | |
apron | n | - | barmcloth | |
apt | adj | fit | deve (<OE defe), yroadly (<OE ġerādliċ) | |
aquaculture | n | fish-farming | - | |
aqualung | n | - | waterlung | |
aquamarine | adj | seagreen | - | |
aquaphobia | n | - | waterfear | |
aquaphobic | adj | afraid of (the) water | - | |
aquaplaning | n | - | watergliding | |
aquarium | n | - | fishglass, waterglass | |
aquatic | adj | waterly | - | |
aqueduct | n | - | waterleat | |
aqueous | adj | watery, water like, water bearing | - | |
arable | adj | - | ploughsome | |
arachnid | n | - | eight-legger | |
arboreal | adj | - | treewise | |
arbitrary | adj | whimsy | fallenly (cf. Du. toeval) willkirely (<OE willa + cyre 'choice' + 'līc) | |
arboretum | n | - | treestead | |
arc | n | bow | - | |
arcade | n | - | playhall (cf. Du. speelhal, NHG Spielhalle) | |
arch | n | bow | Biel (<OE Bígel) | |
archaic | adj. | timeworn | forold (Eng., cf. NHG. veraltet) | |
archangel | n | - | highangel | |
archeology | n | - | olddomlore, (cf. NHG Altertumskunde) delvelore, fernfrod (cf. Ic. fornleifafræði), oldhoodlore (Dutch:oudheidkunde), olddelving(cf.Swedish:fornforskning) | |
archeopterix | n | - | stoneset orfowl (cf. NHG Urvogel), stonelayed oldenwing | |
archer | n | bowman | bowyer, shooter (<OE scytta, cf. NHG. Schütze, Du. schutter) | |
archery | n | bowmanship | bowcraft | |
archfoe | n | devil | godfoe | |
archipelago | n | - | itune (<OE ieg 'island' + tun), island cluster. | |
architect | n | - | highcrafter (<OE), Baumaster (Dutch:bouwmeester) | |
architecture | n | shell, framework | buildlore, buildcraft, timberlore, timbercraft, orshafting | |
architrave | n | - | silebeam | |
archive | n | backup | leafwritsam (cf. Ic. 'skjalasafn'), logsam, deedsam, writsam, backlog | |
arctic | adj | - | bear- (Ursa Minor), far-northern | |
Arctic | n | Land of the Midnight Sun | northend, Northland | |
ardor | n | keenness, lust | hotheartedness (<OE hatheortnes) | |
arduous | n | back-breaking | ||
area | n | land, landspan, swathe, ard (<OE), snad, sned (<OE), yard | field of knowledge: breadth | |
argent | n | silver | - | |
Argentina | n | - | Silverland | |
argon | n | lazystuff | ||
arguable | adj | moot | sakebere | |
argue | vb | flite, wrestle, squabble, wrangle, bicker, tilt | chide | |
argument | n | flite, fightback, comeback, back-answer, answer | rake (<OE racu) | |
argus-eyed | adj | all-seeing, open-eyed, unsleeping | = | |
aridity | n | drought, dryness | rainlack, dryth | |
Aries | n | The Fleecy Star | ||
aristocratic | adj | full-blooded, highborn, highbred | rikeborn, richborn, athelborn | |
arithmetic | n | - | tellcraft (<OE getælcræft) | |
arm | vb | - | beweapon | |
arm | n | - | handweapon | |
armadillo | n | - | shellbear, shieldling, girdledeer (cf. NHG Gürteltier, Du. gordeldier) | |
armillary sphere | n | - | ringkuggle | |
arming | n | - | weaponing, outrysting (cf. NHG Ausrüstung) | |
armistice | n | truce | weaponstandstill (cf. NHG Waffenstillstand) | |
armor | n | shield, byrnie, Iweapon, Iweaponings (<OE), Gouthreaf, Gouthsear, Gouthsare (<OE) | shieldwear, shieldcloth, helmcladding, heraweed (<OE herewǣde), firedskeerp (<OE fierdsceorp), rysting (<OE hyrstan, cf. NHG Rüstung), hereclad | |
armor | vb | begear, beshield, ryst/rist (<OE hrystan, cf. NHG rüsten) iron (<OE ísenian) | ||
armory | n | shieldhouse | shieldwearhouse, helmcladdenhouse, heraweedhouse, firedskeerphouse, weaponhouse (<OE wæpenhūs), rysthouse | |
army | n | fyrd, ferd, landfyrd | hera, landferd, dright, weremight, ganghere (foot men), thrim (<OE þrymm; cf. MnE trim), here (<OE here), herg | |
aroma | n | smell | duft | |
around | prep, adj, adv | about | um, umb, umbe | |
arouse | vb | stir, awake, arear | - | |
arquebus | n | matchlock, firelock | hookbox (cf. MLG hake + busse, MHG Hakenbüchse), hookgun (calque, historical), matchgun | |
arrange | vb | fix, set, settle; draw up, lay out, Endbeird (<OE), Fade (<OE) | stight | |
arrangement | n | layout | - | |
array | vb | lay out, set out, bedight | - | |
arrest | vb | nab, avast, halt, stop | - | |
arrive at | vb | reach, come upon, get to | oncome (<OE ancuman) | |
arrogant | adj | proud, highhanded, overbearing, overweening | lonk (<OE wlank) | |
arsenal | n | - | weaponhoard | |
arsonist | n | fire-raiser | firestarter | |
art | n | craft | list (calque) | |
artery | n | - | loftblood adder | |
artesian | adj | - | thringrising | |
argon | n | - | idlestuff | |
arthritis | n | - | lithbollow (cf. Ic. Liðbólga) | |
artichoke | n | - | eatthistle (cf. Ic. ætiþistill) | |
article | n | thing, write-up | writ grammar: lithword (cf. Du. lidwoord) | |
artificer | n | maker, craftsman, smith, wright | worldcrafter (<OE woruldcræfta)<vr />pl: worldcraftren (<OE woruldcræftan) | |
artificial | adj | manmade, craftly | - | |
artillery | n | gunware | - | |
artisan | n | - | ||
art(s), artistry | n | craft, deftness, handiwork | - | |
Asatru(ar) (maður) | n | - | Esetroth(er), Ostroth(er) | |
asbestos | n | - | thrumstone, stone-flax, earthflax, (sl) devil dust, devil's dust. | |
ascend | vb | climb, sty | - | |
Ascension Day | n | - | Gang-Day (<OE gangdæg) | |
ascent | n | upgoing, rise | upgang (Brit.) | |
asexual | n | - | swiveless | |
Asia | n | the East | easterngreatland, Morrowland (German:Morgenland) | |
Asian (race) | n | yellow (vulgar slang) | Eastern, Far-Eastern | |
asparagus | n | sparrowgrass | earth navel (<OE eorðnafela) | |
asphalt | n | - | streettar | |
aspin | n | philipdog | ||
assail | vb | scathe lay into col.; beset, raid, storm | - | |
assassin | n | hitman, murderer, banesman. | - | |
assault | v | onset, onrush, beset | onfall (Eng, NHG. Anfall) | |
assault | n | onset, onrush, besetting |
andfeng (<OE) Obs. onfall (Eng., NHG. Anfall) | |
assemble | vb | cleave, gather, huddle, band frame, build, set up, forgather |
sam, samen (<OE samnian,cf. ON samna, NHG sammeln, Du. zamelen), evencome (<OE efencuman) | |
assembly | n | forgathering, ingathering, meeting; church, get-together, huddle |
moot (<OE gemot) samening (<OE samnung), leedstefen (<OE léodstefn), | |
assent | n | - | samethick (cf. SW. samtycke, IC. samþykki, Dan./Norw. samtykke) | |
asset | n | holding | - | |
assiduous | adj | hopping, tied-up, working, abiding | workfast | |
assign | vb | allot (non-Germanic prefix), foreset, deed, trust | - | |
assimilate | vb | - | inblend, uptake/upnim (cf. NHG. aufnehmen) | |
assist | vb | help, bestead, prop up, Fultum (<OE) | filst (<OE fylstan) | |
assistance | n | help, backing, helping hand, lift | filst (<OE fylst)
midhelp (<OE midhelp), | |
assistant | n | helper |
filstend (<OE fylstend) | |
associate | n | - | ichurl | |
association | n | hookup, linkup, tie-up; brotherhood, guild, club, fellowship |
underbind forband (cf. NHG Verband) dowiþ (< OE dōn + wiþ) | |
assume | vb | deem; foreguess, bear, shoulder, undertake,
Inim [OE ge-nyman: to take up, to take on, assume] |
hie/huy behowe (<OE behawian), | |
assure | vb | - | forsaeka (<SW försäkra 'to insure; to get an insurance for', to ensure; to make certain, to assure; to give someone confidence in the trustworthiness of something) | |
aster | n | - | starbloom | |
asterisk | n | star | starling; starkin | |
asteroid | n | - | roomrock, rock wanderer | |
asthma | n | - | angbreast (<OE angbreost) | |
astonish | vb | astound, dumbfound, amaze, bewilder, bewonder, startle, baffle |
offwonder | |
astonished | n | astounded, dumbfounded, amazed, bewildered, bewondered, startled |
offwondered (<OE ofwundrod) | |
astonishing | adj | amazing, astounding, blindsiding, eye-opening startling; stunning, wonderful |
bewondering | |
astral | adj | - | rotherly (<OE rodor), starly, star- | |
astrarium | n | - | tungletimer | |
Astrarium of Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio |
n | - | liefbound tungletimer | |
astrolabe | n | - | starreckoner | |
astrology | n | starcraft | tungle sway, tungleshed (<OE tungolgescead) | |
astronaut | n | - | starman, heavensfarer, skyfarer, skytaker | |
astronomy | n | starlore, starlooking | heavenlore | |
astute | adj | shrewd, cunning, sharp, quick-witted |
yepe (<OE geap) | |
asymmetrical | adj | lopsided | - | |
asylum | n | grith, haven; madhouse | - | |
asymptote | n | - | ameetend | |
atavism | n | throwback | - | |
atelier | n | workshop | - | |
atheism | n | godlessness | - | |
atheïst | adj | godless | liefless, unliefsome, ungodsome | |
-ative | suffix | - | -ingly | |
atlas | n | - | land book | |
atmosphere | n | - |
welkin, lofthelm (<OE lyfthelm) Welkintrindle, Lofttrindle, Ethem (<OE meaning, breath, air atmosphere) | |
atom | n | grot (ME, <OE grōt, "particle") | formote, uncleft | |
atrocious | adj | frightful; rotten. | - | |
atrophy | n | withering, dying, waning | - | |
attack | n | onslaught, onset, beset, onrush, strike, blow, hit |
hildrush, onshot
ongripe | |
attack | vb | raid, rush, strike, Bestorm | - | |
attack helicopter | n | - | strikenchopper | |
attain | vb | reach | acome | |
attempt | n | bid, crash, fling, go, shot, whack, whirl |
cunning, fanding, minting | |
attempt | vb | seek | cun (<OE cunnian), fand, mint | |
attend | vb | hearken, mind; care, oversee, watch |
- | |
attendant | n | steward | thew, theen, atstandand (<OE ætstandend) | |
attention | n | heed, mind, aught | bemarking | |
attest | vb | witness; swear; bear out | Beshine (NHG. bescheinigen)
Besteady (NHG. bestätigen) | |
attic | n | loft | thackroom | |
attire | n | cladding | - | |
attitude | n | standing, outlook, mood, ways, behaving | installing (cf. Du. instelling) | |
attorney | n | lawman | - | |
attract | vb | draw, draw in |
span (<OE spannan), | |
attractive | adj | comely, fair, good-looking, handsome, winsome, sightly | wlitty (<OE wlitig) | |
attraction | n | wondersight | ||
attribute | n | ownship | - | |
auction | n | - | biddingsale | |
audacious | adj | daring, bold, ballsy, fearless, unafeared, cheeky, dare-all, dareful, unfearing, reckless stoor |
thriste | |
audacity | n | gall, guts, mettle hardihood, hardiness boldness, balls |
- | |
audible | adj | - | hearly, hearsome | |
audience | n | listeners, hearing. | eargathering, greetinghouse (<OE) | |
audio | n | loud | listenet (listen+ -et, cf. Eng. thicket) | |
augment | vb | eke | bemore | |
August | n | - | Weedmonth | |
augury | n | - | freit (<ME freit), ontoken | |
aunt | n | - | father's sister: fathe (<OE Faðe or Faðu), Vaster mother's sister: modrey, mothrey (<OE Modrige or Modrie), Muster, faye (<OE faþe "father's sister") | |
aurora | n |
dawning, daylight |
- | |
aurora australis | n | southern lights | - | |
aurora borealis | n | northern lights | - | |
aurum | n | gold | yellow dust | |
auscultation | n | harkening | lossening (<OE hlosnian: to listen wait be on the lookout for) | |
austere | adj | - | yarewit | |
austerity | n | hardliness | tighthold | |
Autism | n | selfdom | ||
Australia | n | New Holland | Andland (cf. H Ic. proposal 'Andland,' found here ); the Sutherlands, the Southern lands (from Latin "terra australis") | |
Austria | n | Austrick (Scots) | Easternrick (<OHG Osterrici, cf. NHG 'Österreich) | |
autarchy | n | thralldom | owndom; selfrike, selfkingdom; selfreevedom; ownrike; thrallreevedom | |
author | n | writer | bookwright | |
authentic | adj | true | - | |
authority | n | headship, shark; deathgrip | elderdom (<OE ealdordóm)
lorewdom, | |
auto- | pref | self- | - | |
autodidact | adj | selftaught | selflearned | |
automaker | n | wainwright | - | |
automatic | adj |
knee-jerk gunning: self-loading, |
machinery: selfworking, selfdriving; selfdriven | |
automobile | n | - | selfshifter (calque) | |
autonomy | n | - | selflaw, selfstanding | |
autonym | n | selfname | - | |
autopsy | n | - | open bodyunderseeching, deathreading | |
Autotune | n | Selftune | ||
autumn | n | fall | till, harvest | |
auxiliary | adj | backup, fallback-, helping | eke | |
avail | vb | - | dow (< archaic NE dow <ME duʒen < OE dugan; cf. Sc. dow ) frim, miling | |
available | adj | free, in stock, at hand, forthcoming |
arworthsome (calque), athandsome, atputsome | |
avalanche | n | snowslide | bergfall, fellfall | |
avant garde | n | forhead | - | |
avant garde | adj | cutting edge | - | |
avarice | n | greed | yetsing (<OE gitsung) | |
avatar | n | - | fleshbilth | |
avenge | vb | wreak | - | |
avenue | n | - | drive | |
average | adj | mean, middling | - | |
avert | vb | forestall, head off, stave off | mithe, forecome, offwend, umbewend (redirect) | |
aviary | n | birdhouse, birdstow. | - | |
aviation | n | flight | flyingcraft | |
aviator | n | birdman, flyer | loftman, rotherer | |
avid | adj | raring | - | |
avocado | n | butter pear; soft apple | - | |
avoid | vb | miss, shun, ware
stay away, keep away |
mithe (obs.), forecome, umgang, umgo (see um-) | |
avow | vb | swear, trow, own | yea-say | |
award | vb | bestow, acknowledge | - | |
axis | n | axle, shaft | - | |
azimuth | n | - | south hern (cf. Ic. Attarhorn) | |
Aztec | n | Heronlander (A person from Aztlan, which literally means "a place of herons") | ||
Aztec | adj | Heronlandish | ||
azure | adj | haw (ME <OE hæwen) | swail, blee |