anStaff A of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WLG = West Low Theech
- ELG = East Low Theech
- NL = Netherlandish
- NHG = New High Theech
- IC = Icelandish
- HIC = High Icelandish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Theech
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Theech
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Theech
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
| Modern English Words | Word Class |
Anglish (Cleansed English) Proposals | ||
| Attested in Modern English | Unattested in Modern English | |||
| aardvark | n | ant bear earthswine earthfarrow | ||
| abandon | vb |
forsake forleave forlese [past -lore, ppt -lorn] |
forlet/forlate (<Norwegian forlatt) of-give up-give | |
| abandon | n | wantonness recklessness | ||
| abase | vb | bemean grovel lower shame |
anethry (Calque of NHG erniedrigen) fornether (Calque of Du. vernederen) | |
| abash | vb | (a)shame | ||
| abate | vb | lessen ebb wane | ||
| abattoir | n | slaughterhouse | ||
| abbess | n | overmother | ||
| abbot | n | overfather | ||
| abbreviate | vb | shorten foreshorten | ||
| abbreviation | n | shortening foreshortening | ||
| abdicate | vb | forswear | ||
| abdomen | n | riff belly | ||
| abduct | vb | kidnap steal |
steal away neednim | |
| aberrant | n | black-sheep swerving wanderer wayward kin | ||
| aberration | n | freak swerving wandering | ||
| abet | vb | help goad spur hearten bolden |
frofer bield | |
| abhor | vb | hate loathe mislike | ||
| ability | n |
skill knack | ||
| abject | adj | mean wretched |
hean(OE hean) neadly | |
| abjure | vb | forswear swear off |
of-swear afterquethe | |
| ablactate | vb | wean | ||
| ablative | n | away namefall | ||
| ablaut | n | offloud | offlide | |
| able | adj | mighty doughty likely fit skillful | ||
| -able | suffix |
-bere (Cf. OE -bære, NHG -bar) -endly/-ingly (<OE -(i)endlic) -worth (<OE -wierþe) | ||
| able to had been |
phrase |
could have might have dought have | ||
| able to is |
vb |
can may dow |
is mighty for/to is up to is like to | |
| able to was |
phrase |
could might dought | ||
| ablution | n | washing bathing cleansing | ||
| abnegate | vb | forgo forswear | ||
| abnormal | adj | odd amiss outlandish wrong unwell | ||
| abolish | vb | do away with fordo get rid of rid throw off throw out | ||
| abolition | n | fordoing fornoughting (Cf. NHG Vernichtung) | ||
| abominable | n | evil foul hateful loathsome nasty rotten (fig.) sickening unholy unspeakable wargedly(OE) worgedly wargly | ||
| aboriginal | adj | erd-folkish first-folkish inborn of-ginning forebiding | ||
| aborigine | n | erd-folk first-folk orfolk | ||
| abort | vb | break off call off end scrap fordo |
awaywarp(OE) forbirth | |
| abortion | n | scrapping |
wightbloom-scrap forbirthing awaywarpness(OE) | |
| abound | vb | of-ythe(from OE cognate of latin "undus"; found in WNID2e) overflow | ||
| abrasion | n | offgrinding offrubbing offscraping offsloughing | ||
| abridge | vb | foreshorten cut |
littlen(OE) | |
| abrupt | adj | sharp stark sudden | ||
| abscess | n | gatheredness(OE gegaderednes) | ||
| abscond | vb | sneak away nim sth. (away/ off) | ||
| absence | n | dearth lack want |
of-being offwardness(OE) | |
| absent | adj | missing not here/there |
of-being offward(OE) | |
| absent-mindedness | n | daydreaming flighty thoughtless unheeding unmindful woolgathering | ||
| absinth(e)1 | n | wormwood | bitter weed | |
| absinth(e) (the liquor) | n | wormwine | ||
| absolute | adj | outright utter full rank | ||
| absolutely | adv | fully wholly | ||
| absorb | vb | soak up swallow drink take in take up |
bedrink(OE bedrincan) up-soak forsoak | |
| abstain | vb | forbear withhold | ||
| abstain (from) | vb | forbear forgo give up quit spurn hold off on | ||
| abstinence | n | forbearness, forhaveness(OE forhæfnes) | ||
| abstract | vb | withdraw take from pull out | ||
| abstract | n | withdrawal outline |
outpulling short overlook outdraught offdrawal (abstraction) | |
| abundance | n | fullsomeness(OE fulsumnes) | ||
| abundant | adj | teeming swarming overflowing fulsome rife fat thick awash |
of-ything | |
| abuse | vb | belittle harm do so. harm curse mishandle scathe taw wrong do so. wrong |
misbrook | |
| abysmal | adj | hellish hopeless unfathomly unfathomsome wanhopeful |
nethly | |
| abyss | n | hell hole depth</fong> ground netherworld | ||
| acacia | n | thornbloom hookthorn | ||
| academia | n | learneddom, lorework loredom the learned | ||
| academic | adj | moot lettered |
lorewise | |
| academic | n | learned, lorester loreman letterman | ||
| accelerate | vb | speed up, speed quicken swiften | ||
| accept | vb | brook take thole choose nim hold with settle on take on |
ontake onfang (<OE onfon) | |
| acceptable | adj | lovewont loveweened likeworthy takeworthy welcome choiceworthy | ||
| access | n | ingoing ingang togang atgang atgo | ||
| accessible | adj | to-goly yea-fere | ||
| accident | n | mishappenning | ||
| accompany | vb | beglide (Calque of NHG begleiten) yea-fereshipen yea-feren | ||
| accompanyment | n | yea-fereship | ||
| accomplish | vb phr | bring about | ||
| accord | n | meeting of minds | ||
| accordeon | n | bellowharp | ||
| according to | adj | by | ||
| account | n | ledger ledgerbook reckoning tale telling writ rede |
umbe(on account of) | |
| account of give |
vb | set forth | ||
| accountant | n | bookkeeper teller | ||
| accumulate | vb | at-flow build up (intransitive) | ||
| accurate | adj | near straight aright clean right on |
narrowchiry (Calque of Du. nauwkeurig "narrow+choice(chire)+y") | |
| accusative (case) | adj | wrayingly (<OE wregendlic) tholefall (cf. Icelandic "þolfall") | ||
| accuse | vb | guilt wray atwite | ||
| accuse falsely |
vb | forwray (<OE forwregan) | ||
| accustom | vb | wean, wean on, wean to | ||
| accustomed | adj | wont | ||
| acetone | n | sourghost | ||
| acid | n | sourwater firewater burnwater | ||
| acne | n | coppernose | ||
| aconite | n | wolfsbane(nb. att'd) | ||
| acquaint | vb | befriend ken con meet kith |
bekith | |
| acquiesce | vb | cool bow |
thave | |
| acquire | vb | get gain earn |
yea-own(OE) | |
| acquisition | n | gaining |
take over (unexpected): windfall | |
| acrobat | n | stringtumb | ||
| acropolis | n | Highburg | ||
| across | adv | thwarse athwart thweer over | ||
| act | n | deed work play | ||
| act | v | do work | ||
| action | n | deed doing work | ||
| active | adj | snell deedy | ||
| actor | n | showplayer | ||
| actress | n | showplayster | ||
| actual | adj | true | ||
| actually | adv | indeed truly forsooth soothly |
workly wittedly(OE) deedly in truth as it happens | |
| acupuncture | n | pinpricking pinprick healing nailhealing | ||
| acute | adj | sharp shrill (accent) keen honed breme cunning short quick | ||
| A.D. | adv | Y.L. | ||
| ad infinitum | adv | forevermore | at eke ekely for eke | |
| Adam's apple | n | throat boll | ||
| adapter | n | joinfiter | ||
| add | vb | eke | raise by reckon up put on tack on at-eke(OE) | |
| add up | vb | cast up | ||
| addiction | n | craving yearning | ||
| additionally | adv | furthermore moreover |
what is more over and above at-ekely ekely eke(also) | |
| address | vb | call name clip hote bespeak speak to |
at-speak bequethe | |
| address | n | dwellstead | ||
| add up | vb | reckon | ||
| adept | adj | skillful | ||
| adequate | adj | enough fit likely befitting |
good enough fit enough | |
| adhere | vb | cling stick cleave hold bond |
at-cleave (OE) | |
| adherence to good morals | n | thewfastness | ||
| adherent | n | believer follower |
clinger liefard | |
| adiposis | n | overweight | ||
| adjacent | adj | near next | ||
| adjective | n | honeword, ownshipword | ||
| adjust | vb | set fitten tweak key to | ||
| administer | vb | forwield (Cf. NHG verwalten) | ||
| administration | n | handle wield | ||
| administrator | n | handler wielder | ||
| admiral | n | fleetmaster fleetleader | ||
| admire | vb | bewonder | at-wonder at-look | |
| admission | n | infare(entrance) kenning(acknowledgement) | ||
| admit | vb | acknowledge let |
give to (separable; akin to german zugeben e.g.: I finally gave to that he was right) yea-thave let in inbring inlet | |
| admonish | vb | warn ware teach learn |
tell off mani (OE manian) | |
| adolescence | n | youthhood(OE geoguþhad ) | ||
| adolescent | n | youth halfling younker frumbierding youngling youngster youngun | ||
| adopt | vb | nim foster |
yea-kin take on take up | |
| adoption | n | niming fostering |
uptake taking on yea-kinning | |
| adorable | adj | lovely | ||
| adorn | vb | bedeck bedight yare trim | ||
| adrenaline | n | bykidney workstuff | ||
| adulation | n | flaundering glavering | ||
| adult | n | grown-up man woman |
fullwaxener | |
| adultery | n | whoredom | wedlock breach breach of wedlock lawbreach | |
| advance | vb | further go forward put forward |
aforth | |
| advance | n | inroads | ||
| advance in |
adj | beforehand | ||
| advancing | adj | on the make | ||
| advantage | n | gain boot good behoof behoovefulness |
upside furthersomth | |
| advantageous | adj | gainful furthersome helpful boot behooveful |
behoofsome | |
| advent | n | coming | ||
| adventure | n | undertaking | ||
| adverb | n | likeword thewword | ||
| adversary | n | withersaker(OE wiþersaca) | ||
| adversity | n | <gont color=blue>hardship hurdle pitfall worry thwartsomeness hardhap | ||
| adversive | n | thwartsome | ||
| advertize | vb | play up | ||
| advice | n | rede (OE raedan) warning input lore teaching learning |
bethought | |
| advise | vb | rad warn steer help hint learn teach clew |
yea-bethought | |
| advocacy | n | forspeech(OE forspæc) | ||
| advocate | n | forspeaker, midspeaker | ||
| advocated | ppt | forespoken (OE foresprecan) | ||
| aerial | adj | liften (<OE lyften) | ||
| aerodynamic | adj | streamlined | wind deft windfit loftlithe | |
| aerodynamics | n | liftcraft (Calque of the Greek) | ||
| affair | n | doing sake | ||
| affection | n | fondness love lovesomeness | ||
| affectionate | adj | fond friendly loving lovesome warm-hearted | ||
| affinity | n | forwanting | ||
| affirmative | adv | aye yes yea so yeah yep |
Yes-some Yes-ly Yes-ish ayesome | |
| affix | n | wordfastning | ||
| afflict | vb | ail smite dretch swink swinge | ||
| affluence | n | wealth weal riches fat | ||
| affluent | adj | wealthy well-to-do well-off rich fat | ||
| afghan | n | deck (cf. NHG Decke) (cf. Du. deken), overcast | ||
| Afghan (folk) | n | - | Horsemanlander | |
| Afghan (stuff) | adj | - | Horsemanlandish | |
| Afghanistan | name | - | Horsemanland | |
| afraid | adj | frightened scared afeared unfrithed(afraid being from frankish afray(n.) meaning unfrith) | ||
| Africa | n | sunnygreatland Birthland | ||
| age | n | oldness years time eld |
eldth | |
| age | vb | eld olden |
forold | |
| age (era) | n | eld time day tide older eew timestretch yorestretch | ||
| aged | adj | elderly olden forold yore |
yoren elt old forolded oldened | |
| agenda | n | todolist | ||
| agglomerate | vb | clodden | ||
| agglutinate | vb | wordlink | ||
| aggressive | adj | threatening fighty | ||
| aggressor | n | scather | ||
| agile | adj | nimble limber lithe lithesome yare light-footed |
lithecrafty light | |
| agility | n | nimbleness limberness lithesomeness light-footedness |
lithecraftiness lightness | |
| agitate | vb | key up | ||
| agitated | adj | keyed-up | ||
| agitation | n | worry | mindfret, fret of mind, ything, seething, churning | |
| agoraphobia | n | steadfear | ||
| agree | vb | thware (<OE þwǽrian) thave (<OE þafian) settle on hold with *stimm to | ||
| agreement | n | meeting of minds | ||
| agriculture | n | fieldlore croplore farming (Note: farm is ultimately of Latin origin) | ||
| aid | n | help |
filst (<OE fylst) atstall (<OE ætstæl) fultum (<OE fultum) byhelp (Cf. NHG Beihilfe) |
|
| aid | vb |
help
|
filst (<OE fylstan) andfilst (<OE andfylstan) full out frofer |
|
| AIDS | n | Earned Bodyweir Scantness Sickness | ||
| aim | n | goal mark |
ettle | |
| aim at | vb | get a bead on draw a bead on | ||
| air | n |
loft (Norse)
|
lift (<OE lyft)
| |
| air force | n | loft-might sky might loft-weapon loft-weir | ||
| airplane | n | loftcraft | ||
| airport | n | skydock | ||
| aisle | n | gangway | ||
| alarm clock | n | wakerclock wire-waker wirerooster lilter uprouser uprearer | ||
| alas | interj | alack woe welaway lackaday | ||
| albino | n | whiteling | ||
| album | n | whitebook | ||
| albumen | n | egg white egg lime | ||
| alcohol | n | booze | firewater wineghost | |
| alcoholic | adj | boozen | ||
| alcoholic | n | sot drunkard |
malt-worm | |
| alert | adj | gleg | ||
| alien | adj | unearthly outlandish fremd |
wayward born altheodish farlandish fremmed fremmd frimmed frimm from abroad from overseas from afar | |
| alienate | vb | unkithen fremd | ||
| alkali | n | lyestuff | ||
| allegory | n | forlikening | ||
| allergy | n | overfeeling | ||
| alleviate | vb | allay lighten |
alay | |
| alliance | n | bond tie | ||
| allied | adj | forwentshiply (Calque of NHG verwandtschaftlich) | ||
| alligator | n | dread athex | ||
| alliteration | n | staverime | ||
| allocate | vb | earmark let |
fordeal | |
| allotment | n | fordealing | ||
| allow | vb | let leave | ||
| allowable | adj | leavely leavesome letsome | ||
| alloy | n | mastling | ||
| allude | vb | anenten | ||
| allure | vb | beswike toll on |
bewitch lead on draw to | |
| almanac | n | yearbook | ||
| alphabet | n | abecede(OE word for alphabet) staffhoard staffrow staverow |
starrof (stæfrōf) | |
| alphabet runic |
n | futhorc(English) futhark(Norsk) | ||
| altar | n |
offerboard (Note: "offer" is of Latin origin)
| ||
| alter | vb | frother (Cf. NHG verändern) | ||
| altercation | n | fight brangling tangle snarl |
dust-up | |
| alternative | adj | other | ||
| altitude | n | aloftness(aloft means above the ground) | ||
| altruism | n | selflessness | ||
| altruistic | adj | selfless unselfish | ||
| amaranthus caudatus | n | love-lies-bleeding | ||
| amass | vb | gather heap build up |
mill | |
| amateur | n | lover of | ||
| amazed | adj | aghast | ||
| amazing | adj | awesome cool (colloquial) |
geason | |
| ambassador | n | rikesboder | ||
| amber | n | burnstone glarestone | ||
| ambidextrous | vb | twihanded umbecrafty umbehandy both-handy umberight | ||
| ambiguous | adj | twowordy(OE twiwyrdig) | ||
| ambience | n | mood feeling | ||
| ambivalence | n | waver | ||
| ambulance | n | sickwagon | ||
| ameliorate | vb | better | eather | |
| amen | interj | soothly | yelayay | |
| America | n | New World |
Markland (<OE mearcland "borderland," cognate to ON markland, the name given by Leif Eriksson to a Labrador shoreline; the element 'mark' incidentally shares the same three consonant sounds as 'America;' that is, M-R-C/K) Amerigoland Westlands Americksland Wineland (<Old Norse Vinland) Meadowland (<Old Norse Vinland) Westland | |
| amicable | adj | friendly | ||
| ammonia | n | hartshorn |
water of hartshorn | |
| amnesia | n | blackout | thoughtloss | |
| amoeba | n | shapeshifters slimewightlet | ||
| amorphous | adj | shapeless | ||
| amount | n |
muchness deal lot | ||
| amount to | vb | come to | ||
| amphibian | n | shorewight | ||
| amphitheater | n | playstow umbewitstow | ||
| amplifier | n | forstronger | ||
| amplitude | n | slingwidth | ||
| amputate | n | cut | ||
| amusement | n | fun | ||
| amusing | adj | funny | ||
| anaconda | n | whipsnake | ||
| anaesthetic | n | dwale | ||
| anagram | n | stavewrixel | ||
| anal | adj | arse bottom |
arsely | |
| analgesic | n | painlessener (Note: 'pain' is of Latin and ultimately Greek origin) | ||
| analyze | vb | check | ||
| anarchism | n | (politically charged) freedom | ||
| anarchist | adj | (politically charged) freedomish | ||
| anarchist | n | (politically charged) freedomer | ||
| anarchy | n |
lawlessness rikelessness freeness |
(chaos) dwolm [pl dwolmen] (<OE dwolma) rikelacking | |
| anastomosis (anatomy) | n | shunt | ||
| anathema | n | accursed thing | ||
| anatomy | n | bodylore | ||
| ancestor | n | forebear forefather forerunner elder |
foremother | |
| ancestry | n | strain bloodties house seed | ||
| ancient | adj | olden fern yore eldern |
farback long ago of old forold | |
| andiron | n | firegoat | ||
| anemone | n | windrose | ||
| angel | n | errand-ghost (OE ærendgást) | ||
| anger (Norse) | n | foam, hackle | ||
| angle | n | nook, nookspan, nookwidth | ||
| anglicization | n | englishing | ||
| anglicize | vb | english | ||
| Anglish | n/adj | English (or Inglish) the national language of England/ Inglelond | ||
| Anglish | n/adj | anglicized spelling of the Zeaxysch name for English i.e. Anglysch | ||
| Anglonic/AngloUS | n/adj | Modern (international) English | ||
| Anglo-Saxon | n | Old English | ||
| Anglo-Saxon runes | n | Old English Futhorc Old English Fuþorc | ||
| Anglosphere the |
n | English (speaking) world the | ||
| AngloUS/Anglonic | n/adj | Modern (international) English | ||
| angry (Norse) | adj | wrathy wild | ||
| angular | adj | nook-shotten | ||
| anguish | n | headhell wrath | ||
| animal | n | deer wight wilder | ||
| animate | vb | enliven/inliven quicken liven |
beliven besoul (Cf. NHG beseelen Du. bezielen) | |
| animosity | n | hatred hate | ||
| annelid | n | ringworm | ||
| annihilate | vb | fornought (Calque of NHG vernichten) benothingen wipe out | ||
| annihilation | n | fornoughting (Cf. NHG Vernichtung) | ||
| anniversary | n | yeartide | ||
| anno Domini | adv | in the year of our lord | ||
| announce | vb | ban bode bid kithe | ||
| annoy | vb | irk nettle | ||
| annual | adj | yearly | ||
| annual | n | yearbook | ||
| annul | vb | fordo | ||
| anoint | v | anele | ||
| anonym | adj | nameless | ||
| anorexia | n | fastlust | ||
| antagonist | n | fiend foe |
gainstander | |
| antarctic | n | southpole | ||
| Antarctica | n | witherbearland South Pole South Worldstem | ||
| antecedence | n | here-to-fore the foregoing beforemath | ||
| antediluvian | adj | foreflood | ||
| anterior | adj | fore foremost | ||
| anterior | n | fore foreside | ||
| anthology | n | blossoms | ||
| anthropology | n | manlore | ||
| anticipate | vb | foresee foretaste |
forecome followfeel | |
| anticlockwise | adj & adv | withershins widdershins |
gainclockwise | |
| antidote | n | gainatter | ||
| antigen | n | offweirstuff | ||
| antilope | n | bloomgoat | ||
| antimatter | n | gainstuff unbeing unstuff | ||
| antipathy | n | mislike | ||
| antipathy | n | mislike | ||
| antiquated | adj | overheld timestruck | ||
| antiquity | n | oldness elderliness olden-times eldness |
oldendom eldern eldtime afern | |
| antirrhinum | n | snapdragon | ||
| antisemitism | n | jewhate | ||
| antiseptic | adj | gainrot | ||
| anti-statism | n |
elderdomthweerness (OE ealdordóm "government, authority + OE þwéornes "opposition") leedwardwither (OE léodweard "government" + OE wiðre "opposition") leedwardwitherredeness (OE léodweard "government" + OE wiðerrǽdnes "opposition") | ||
| anti-statist | adj | leedwardwitherquethle (OE léodweard "government" + OE wiðercwedol "opposing") | ||
| anti-statist | n | leedwardwitherling (OE léodweard "government" + OE wiðerling "opponent") | ||
| antitoxin | n | gainatter | ||
| antler | n | eyesprout branchhorn | ||
| antonym | n | gainname | ||
| anulus | n | ring | ||
| anus | n | asshole | assgang (OE) outgang (OE) settle (OE) | |
| anxiety | n | angness angens angs worry angst fear | ||
| aorta | n | lofty heartpipe | ||
| apart | adj | sundered not together | ||
| apart | adv | asunder aside away | ||
| apartment | n | flat room by-room | ||
| apathetic | adj | uncaring | ||
| aperture | n | opening breech | ||
| apex | n | peakpoint | ||
| aphid | n | greenfly blackfly |
wortlice (Cf. "plant lice") | |
| aphrodisiac | n |
lovedrink (NHG Liebestrank, Du. 'liefdesdrank') lustwaker |
||
| apitoxin | n | beebane | ||
| apogee | n | highpoint | ||
| apologize | vb | say sorry answer | ||
| apology | n | answer sorrowsaying besaying (defend) words of rue rueword (regret) | ||
| apostle | n | liefcarrier | ||
| apparel | n | clothes wear threads weed |
glad rags donnings step-outs | |
| apparent | adj | seeming | ||
| apparently | adv & phr | seemingly |
at first sight in name only on the outside openly outwardly to the eye staringly truthlessly | |
| appeal | vb | call call upon |
ask beckon | |
| appealing | adj | winsomeness fair | ||
| appear | vb |
become tread up
| ||
| appear | v |
atew | ||
| appearance | n |
outsee look | ||
| appease | vb | allay | ||
| appellation | n | name | ||
| appendage | n | outgrowth | ||
| appendix | n | (organ) blindgut blindtharm (Cf. NHG Blinddarm); (bit of book) tack-on onhang (Cf. NHG Anhang) | ||
| appetite | n | craving | ||
| application | n | bearing | ||
| apply | vb | betake lay on (job) onseek for | ||
| appoint | vb | fix fit fix time |
set up set aside earmark settle turn out deem ( leader head etc.) onmake through name | |
| apprehension | n | dread foreboding misgiving fear | ||
| approach | v | near, draw near, go up to so |
atgang [atgeng, atgangen] (<OE ætgangan) atstep (<OE ætsteppan) | |
| approaching | adj | forthcoming coming upcoming oncoming nearing |
nighlocking nighledging | |
| appropriate | adj | fitting seemly meet | ||
| appropriate (be) | vb | befit beseem behoove behave | ||
| approximate | adj | rough near nearby handy | ||
| approximately | adv | about roughly nearly nigh loosely | ||
| April | n | Eastermonth | ||
| apron | n | barmcloth | ||
| apt | adj | fit toward | ||
| aquaculture | n | fish-farming | ||
| aquaduct | n | waterlining | ||
| aqualung | n | waterlung | ||
| aquamarine | adj | seagreen | ||
| aquarium | n | fishtank | fishhouse | |
| aquatic | adj | waterly (<OE wæterlic) | ||
| arable | adj | plowable | ||
| arachnid | n | spinerwight | ||
| arboreal | adj | treewise | ||
| arbitrary | adj | willkeirly (derived from OE 'willa' + 'cyre' + 'līc';calque from continental Germanic langs; eg NHG willkürlich, Du willekeurig, Da vilkårlige), whimful | ||
| arboretum | n | treeyard | ||
| arc | n | bow | ||
| archaeology | n | oldenlore erelore | ||
| archaeopterix [lithographica] | n | [stoneset] orfowl (Cf. NHG Urvogel) [stoneprinted] oldenwing | ||
| archangel | n | high-ghost | ||
| archeology | n | oldeldthlore | ||
| archer | n | bowman | bowyer | |
| archery | n | bowmanship | bowcraft | |
| archipelago | n | aitrow ilandsea iland cluster | ||
| architecture | n | builthlore timbercraft | ||
| arctic | adj | bear- (far-)northern | ||
| arctic | n | northpole | ||
| ardour | n | hotheartedness(OE hatheortnes) | ||
| area | n | ground stow stead stigh erd | ||
| argent | n | silver | ||
| arguable | adj | moot | sakebere | |
| argue | vb | wrestle squabble wrangle bicker fight tilt |
sake (OE "sacan") | |
| argument | n | row | rake (<OE racu) | |
| aridity | n | drought droughth dryness rainlessness |
dryth. | |
| aristocrat | n | blue-blood |
rikeborn richard thoroughbred | |
| aristocratic | adj | blue-blooded full-blooded highbred highborn wellborn |
rikeborn richborn | |
| arithmetic | n | talecraft (<OE getælcræft) | ||
| arm | vb | beweapon | ||
| arm | n | handweapon | ||
| armadillo | n | shieldling, girdledeer (cf. NHG Gürteltier, cf. Du. gordeldier) | ||
| armistice | n | truce | ||
| armour | n | shield | ||
| armour (suit of) | n | shieldwear, shield clothing | ||
| army | n | here, ferd, landfyrd, harr, harrmen, heer, dright, drightfolk (people's army), warband, weremight, herefolk, landferd, ganghere (foot men), inhere (homeland here) | ||
| aroma | n | smell sweetsmell | ||
| around | prep & adj & adv | about umbe | ||
| arouse | vb | stir awake arear | ||
| arrange | vb |
fettle dight | ||
| arrangement | n | layout | ||
| array | vb | lay out set out | ||
| arrest | vb | nab avast | ||
| arrive | vb | oncome (OE ancuman) | ||
| arrive at | vb | reach find |
come upon get to | |
| arrogant | adj | proud highhanded overweening | ||
| arsenal | n | weaponhoard | ||
| arson | n | firestarting | ||
| arsonist | n | firestarter | ||
| art | n | craft | list (<OE list Cf. OSxn list Du. list OHG list NHG List ON list Sw. list Far. list Ic. list) | |
| artery | n | loftblood pipe | ||
| article | n | thing | writ (grammar) lithword (calque of Dutch lidwoord) | |
| artificial | adj | manmade craftly | ||
| artillery | n | gunware | ||
| artisan | n | craftsman wright handyman | ||
| artistry | n | craftsmanship | ||
| Asatru | av | Esetroth Ostroth | ||
| Asatruar(maður) | n | Ostrothman | ||
| asbestos | n | thrumstone stone-flax earthflax | ||
| ascend | vb | climb go up stigh/sty | ||
| Ascension Day | n | Gang-Day (OE gangdæg) | ||
| ascent | n | upgoing(OE upgang) | ||
| asexual reproduction | n | swiveless matchbearing | ||
| Asgard | n | Osyard Osgarth Osearth Godsearth | ||
| Asia | n | easterngreatland the East | ||
| asparagus | n | sparrowgrass | ||
| asphalt | n | streettar | ||
| assail | vb | lay into | ||
| assassin | n |
murderer hitman |
deathcraftsman deathcrafter | |
| assassinated | adj |
dead murdered |
deathcrafted | |
| assassin
ating |
vb | murdering | deathcrafting | |
| assassination | n | murder | deathcraft | |
| assault | n | onset | ||
| assemble | vb | gather ban get together; timber frame build |
samen (<OE samnian, cf. ON samna, NHG sammeln, Du. zamelen) put together set up | |
| assembly | n | gathering, meeting, moot, meet, thing, ingathering; building, timbering, framing, get-together |
samening (<OE samnung) leedsteven (<OE léodstefn "assembly," literally "people's voice") forsamening (for+samen (<OE samnian)+ing, a calque of NHG Versammlung) |
|
| asset | n | holding | ||
| assiduity | n | beeishness one-mindness steadfastness thoroughness tirelessness weariless | ||
| assign | vb | let bequethe draught draught up mete |
pass on hand on give out make over deed over allot | |
| assimilate | vb | blend in with be one with bring near to fall in with | ||
| assist | vb | help bestead |
filst (<OE fylstan) help out | |
| assistance | n | help |
filst (<OE fylst) midhelp (<OE midhelp) atstall (<OE ætstæl) fultum (<OE fultum) byhelp (Cf. NHG Beihilfe) |
|
| assistant | n | helper |
fultumend (<OE fultumend) filstend (<OE fylstend) |
|
| association | n | guild club |
yea-fering underbind | |
| assume | vb |
take foretake foretrue |
take on take it that gather that | |
| assure | n | forspeaking afast (OE áfæst) | ||
| aster | n | starbloom | ||
| asterisk | n | star | ||
| asterisk | n | starlet | ||
| asteroid | n | worldlet | ||
| asthma | n | angbreast(OE angbreost) hardbreathing | ||
| astonish | vb | astound dumbfound amaze bewilder bewonder startle |
make speechless | |
| astonished | adj | astounded speechless amazed dumbfounded bewildered bewondered startled |
answerless awondered | |
| astonishing | adj | astounding amazing bewildering bewondering startling |
forwonderly (Calque of German verwunderlich) | |
| astral | adj | starly | ||
| astronaut | n | starfarer | ||
| astronomy | n | starlore | ||
| astute | adj | shrewd cunning pretty sharp quick-witted | ||
| asylum | n | haven madhouse | ||
| atavism | n | throwback | ||
| atelier | n | workshop | ||
| atheist | adj | godless | without belief in gods beliefless ungodsome unliefsome liefless | |
| -ative | suffix |
-le |
-il | |
| atlas | n | [chart]book | ||
| atmosphere | n | welkin | ||
| atom | n | uncleft | ||
| atrocious | adj | outmad | ||
| atrophy | n | withering dying waning | ||
| attack | n | onslaught onset strike |
infall (upon or into) | |
| attack | vb | fight smite beset set on set upon lay into lay on lay to |
onslay set upon strike at raid | |
| attain | vb | reach gain | ||
| attempt | n | shot undertaking bash | ||
| attempt | vb | forseek (Cf. NHG versuchen) seek undertake set out |
give a shot have a bash have a go | |
| attend | vb | heed hear | ||
| attend to | vb | see after take care of | ||
| attendant | n | steward thane knight thrall |
thew theow | |
| attention | n | heed mind | ||
| attention pay |
vb | heed mind | ||
| attest | vb | witness | bear out | |
| attic | n, adj | loft, solar | roofroom, thackshoot (cf. NHG Dachgeschoss), | |
| attire | n | clading | ||
| attitude | n | standing outlook | ||
| attorney | n | lawyer | ||
| attract | vb | latch | indraw draw to | |
| attractive | adj | comely good-looking lovely fair handsome | ||
| attribute | n | ownship | ||
| aubergine | n | eggwort | ||
| audacious | adj | daring bold fearless cheeky dare-all dareful breme unfearing reckless stoor |
thriste unfrightened daresome unafeared ballsy | |
| audacity | n | gall guts hardihood hardiness boldness balls daring | ||
| audible | adj | hearly behearly | ||
| audience | n | hearing; hearers listeners | ||
| augment | vb |
eke bemore |
eken eke out | |
| August | n | Weedmonth | ||
| aura | n | holyshine | ||
| aurora (dawn) | n | dawn, daybreak, sunrise, sun-up, shrike o' day | ||
| aurora borealis | n | northern lights | ||
| aurum | n | gold | yellow dust | |
| austere | adj | yarewit | ||
| austerity | n | hardliness | ||
| Australia | n |
Southland Southgreatland | ||
| Austria | n | Eastenrike (spelling modernized from Early Modern English 'Eastenricke', from 'A Letter to the Earls of East Friesland' by George Nedham) | Easterrike (Cf. NHG Österreich) | |
| author | n | writer maker |
bookwright | |
| authority | n | leadership higher rank |
elderdom (<OE ealdordóm) lorowdom, learnedom (OE láréowdóm)
| |
| auto- | prefix | self- | ||
| autodidact | adj | self-taught | ||
| automaker | n | wainwright | ||
| automatic (gunning) | adj | self-loading, half-tilt, full-tilt | ||
| autonomy | n | selflaw | ||
| autonym | n | selfname | ||
| autopsy | n | open bodychecking | ||
| autumn | n | fall harvest | ||
| auxiliary | adj |
backup fallback
|
eke
| |
| avail | vb | bestead | ||
| available | adj | free forthcoming in stock |
come to hand | |
| avalanche | n | bergfall fellfall snowslide | ||
| avant garde | n | forhead | ||
| avarice | n | yetsing (OE gitsung) | ||
| avenge | vb | wreak | ||
| average | adj |
mean
| ||
| avert | vb | forfend(prevent) umbewend(redirect) |
forethwart offturn | |
| aviary | n | birdhouse | ||
| aviator | n | flyer |
skyman | |
| avid | adj | eager | ||
| avoid | vb | miss beware shun |
formithe (half calque from German and Dutch) mithe ware guard against | |
| avow | vb | swear trow own |
yea-say | |
| award | vb | bestow (upon) forlend | ||
| axis | n | axle | ||
| azimuth | n | starway southernwidth northernwidth | ||
| azote | n | stickstuff | ||
| azure | adj | skyblue | ||