Staff A of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WLG = West Low Theech
- ELG = East Low Theech
- NL = Netherlandish
- NHG = New High Theech
- IC = Icelandish
- HIC = High Icelandish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Theech
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Theech
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Theech
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
Chancery English | Class | Anglish/English | ||||||
Attested | Unattested | |||||||
a Capella | n | singing less a tool of gleemaking | mouthglee, mouthly | |||||
aardvark | n | ant bear, ant-bear, antbear | earthpig, earthswine, earthfarrow | |||||
abandon | vb |
shed, forgo, forsake (Barnes) |
forlet (UK dialectal ~ cf. OE forlǣtan, Fr. ferlitte, Du. verlaten, Nw. forlate, NHG verlassen) of-give, up-give, forleave, forlese, unget | |||||
abandon | n | wantonness, recklessness, forsaking | overgive | |||||
abandonment | n | forsaking | shedding | |||||
abase | vb | cheapen, warp; shame, sink, belittle, lay low, fell, drop | unar, anether | |||||
abash | vb | faze, ashame | - | |||||
abate | vb | drain away, drop off, dwindle, ease, ebb, fall away, lessen, let up, lower, shrink, wane | - | |||||
abattoir | n | slaughterhouse | - | |||||
abbess | n | mother | overmother | |||||
abbreviation | n | short for, shorthand | offshortening, forshortening, shortening, shortshape, shortstaving | |||||
abdicate | vb | step down, step aside from | - | |||||
abdomen | n | kite, quith (<OE cwiþ) riff (<OE hrif)
bouk (Eng., calque of all Ger. speeches) | ||||||
abduct | vb | kidnap, steal, lead away, offlead, nab | - | |||||
aberrant | n | black-sheep, weird | - | |||||
aberration | n | freak, way-outness | unfollowing | |||||
abet | vb | goad, spur, hearten | fuse (<ME fusen) | |||||
abhor | vb | hate, loathe, mislike | - | |||||
ability | n | skill, might, craft, ken, cunning, knack in-born: mother-wit |
formay (cf. Du. vermogen) | |||||
abject | adj | low | heanly (<OE heanlic), downcast (Barnes) | |||||
abjure | vb | forswear, take back, unsay, withdraw | swear off (cf. NHG abschwören), aftercwethe | |||||
ablactate | vb | wean | - | |||||
ablation | n | offtaking, offferrying | - | |||||
ablative | adj | - | atbraidingly, shiftfall (<Ic. skiftafall) | |||||
ablaut | n | - | offlloud | |||||
able | adj | fit, skilled |
dow, stand (cf. Dn, Nw, NHG) | |||||
-able | sfx | -worthy, -some, -bearing, -ly |
-endly/-ingly, -cannish, -canny -worth (<OE -wierþe) -ber (cf. OE -bære, Fr. -ber, NHG -bar) | |||||
able to | phr | can, may, to be canny enough, to be cunning enough, up to | dow to, skilled to | |||||
ablution | n | washing, cleansing | furbing | |||||
abnegate | vb | forgo, forswear | - | |||||
abnormal | adj | amiss, unwonted, odd | unmean, unshapely (Barnes) | |||||
abolish | vb | end, let die out, die off, stop; quench, black out, stamp out, sweep away, wipe out |
fordo, forend, adiley (<OE ādīlegian) offship (cf. NHG abschaffen) | |||||
abominable | adj | aweful, dreadful, evil, loathsome, sickening | shandful (<OE scandful, cf. NGH/Du. schandvoll), slithely, besmearful, wargedly (<OE) | |||||
aboriginal | adj | dwelt before, , orfolkly firstfolkish (see or- ) | ||||||
aborigine | n | - | orfolk (OE or 'origin') firstfolk (see or- ) | |||||
abort | vb | lay off, call off, end | - | |||||
abortion | n | misbirth | forbirthing, awaywarpness (<OE) | |||||
abound | vb | brim, teem, overflow | - | |||||
abrasion | n | graze, scrape | - | |||||
abridge | vb | cut back, forshorten, cut | littlen (<OE) | |||||
abrupt | adj | anon, at once, quick, fast, steep | shorn (<OE scoren) | |||||
abscess | n | swelling | - | |||||
abscond | vb | break out, run off, steal away | - | |||||
absence | n |
time off, lack, needfulness, want; dearth |
offwardness (<OE) | |||||
absent | adj | missing, wanting, out | offward (<OE) | |||||
absenteeism | n | how often out | offwardness | |||||
absent-mindedness | n | daydreaming, flighty, thoughtless, unheeding, unmindful, woolgathering | - | |||||
absinthe | n | wormwood drink | - | |||||
absolute | adj | unanswering, answering to none, God-king
outright, utter, full, rank, checkless (Barnes) |
- | |||||
absolutely | adv | fully, wholly, dead | - | |||||
absolve | vb | forgive | offloosen (Barnes) | |||||
absorb | vb | drink, soak, sop, soak in, soak up, suck up, take up; grip; burn, drain, draw down, play out | bedrink (<OE bedrincan) up-soak, forsoak (Barnes) | |||||
abstain (from) | vb | forbear (Barnes), forego withhold, hold back swear off |
- | |||||
abstinence | n | - | forbearing, forhaveness (<OE forhæfnes) | |||||
abstract | vb | withdraw, take from, pull out, seethe out | - | |||||
abstract | adj | dreamlike, foggy, floating | fallenly, unbodied | |||||
abstract | n | withdrawal, outline | outpulling, outdraught, offdrawal (abstraction) | |||||
abundance | n | wealth, lot | fullsomeness (<OE) | |||||
abundant | adj | teeming, swarming, overflowing, fulsome, rife, fat, thick, awash | - | |||||
abuse | vb | scathe, mishandle, smite, strike, harm, wound | hean (<OE hienan), smittle, misbrook | |||||
abysmal | adj | lowest, at bottom, deep, hellish, in the hole, hopeless, dreadful 2. fathomless, bottomless |
netherly, unfathomly | neaphellish | abyss | n | 1. hell 2. depth, ground, deep, pit, netherworld |
newel (<OE neowol)
offground (cf. NGH. Abgrund, Du. Afgrond) |
acacia | n | thorn tree, whistling thorn, wattle | thornbloom, hookthorn | |||||
academia | n | - | learnedom, loredom, frod (<OE), lorekeep, brainhall, highspire, bookborough, mindthralldom | |||||
academic or academik | n/adj | highbrow, book-learned, bookish | moot, booksome, lorewise, mighty-brained n: loreman | |||||
accede | vb | - | agree: thware (<OE) | |||||
accelerate | vb | speed up, spur, quicken (Barnes) | yare, swiften | |||||
acceleration | n | speeding up | yareness | |||||
accent | n | twang, drawl, sound | tungfall (cf. Du. tongval ), word-strain (Barnes) | |||||
accept | vb | swallow, trust; bear, shoulder; intake (Barnes) |
thave, thware (<OE þwarian 'to bring into agreement, make harmonious') ontake, onfang (<OE onfon) | |||||
acceptable | adj | all right, fair, good | thwaringly, thewsome | |||||
access | n | doorway, gateway, key | infare, ingoing | |||||
accessible | adj | at hand | yea-fare, thuringly | |||||
accessory | n | - | bykeeper, deedmate (Barnes) | |||||
accident | n | mishap; hap, luck, befall | unfall (cf. NHG unfall) , hapliness (Barnes) | |||||
accidental | adj | unwitting | fallenly, happensome (Barnes) | |||||
accompany | vb | go with, follow |
beglide (cf. Du. begeleiden, NHG begleiten), samodsithe (<OE samodsīðian) | |||||
accomplish | vb phr | fulfill, sow up, bring about, reach | - | |||||
accord | n | deal, meeting of minds | thaving, thwaring | |||||
accordion | n | - | bellowharp | |||||
according to | adj | as of, by, true to
quoth |
nigh (cf. NHG nach), after, following (calque) | |||||
account | n | ledger, reckoning | reckoning (cf. Du. rekening, Fr. rekken), reckonbook, reckonreme (reme - number) | |||||
account of | vb | take of, witness (give) | forof (on) | |||||
accountant | n | - | teller (cf. Du. tal, NHG Zahle 'number') | |||||
accumulate | vb | heap, upheap, build up, gather up | - | |||||
accumulation | vb | unheaping | - | |||||
accurate | adj | right on, spot-on | swotel (<OE sweotol)
narrowcore (calque of Du. nauwkeurig, narrow - core 'choice') | |||||
accusation | noun | bewraying (cf. Eng. bewrayment) | - | |||||
accusative (case) | adj | - | wrayingly (<OE wregendlic)
end-case (Barnes) tholfall (cf. Ic. þolfall) whonefall (<OE hwone, the accusative of "hwæt", refer to German "wen" and "Wenfall") | |||||
accuse | vb | wray, guilt |
atwite fromtyghtle (<OE frumtyhtle, falsely: | |||||
accustom | vb | wean, wean on, wean to | onwone (Barnes) | |||||
accustomed | adj | wont, used to | - | |||||
acephalous | adj | headless (Barnes) | - | |||||
acetone | n | - | sourghost | |||||
acid | n/adj | - | sour | |||||
acne | n | - | redmeal (OE mal 'spot') | |||||
aconite | n | wolfsbane | - | |||||
acoustics | n | - | dinlore | |||||
acquaint | vb | befriend, get to know | ken (<OE cunnan (“to become acquainted with, to know”)) | |||||
acquaintance | n | friend, neighbor, kith | kenning | |||||
acquiesce | vb | bow | thave (<OE) | |||||
acquire | vb | earn, foster, get, win | beget (<OE) | |||||
acquisition | n |
windfall (unexpected) |
begetting | |||||
acrobat | n | - | stringtumb | |||||
acropolis | n | high town, upper town, show town | highborough, highbury | |||||
across | adv | over | thwarse, thweer, athwart (Barnes) | |||||
act | n | deed, work, play, behaving | - | |||||
act | vb | do, work, behave | - | |||||
action | n | deed (Barnes), doing, work, do (as, 'all talk and no do'), liveliness, behaving |
ysheon (<OE ġescēon, cf. NHG Geschehen)
dodrive | |||||
activate | vb | switch on | - | |||||
active | adj | switched on, snell, deedy; mettlesome, springy; hopping, tied-up |
ongoing, doingsome (Barnes), doughty, sprack (Barnes) | |||||
activist | n | browbeater, henpecker, backer, upholder, fighter, nut, diehard, Red, wrangler, armbender, big brother, bully, busybody, old maid, vixen, shrew, adder, bulldozer, blusterer; overbearing, unruly |
- | actor(ess) | n | player, showman | showplayer(in) | |
actual | adj | sooth, soothfast, true | new, nowly | |||||
actually | adv | indeed, truly, soothly, forsooth, truthfully,
all in all, truth to tell, word for word |
workly, echtly (see echt), wittedly (<OE) | |||||
acupuncture | n | pinpricking | nailhealing | |||||
acute | adj | sharp, high (Barnes), keen, honed; shrill (accent) | swotel | |||||
A.D. | adv | in the year of our lord | Y.L. | |||||
ad infinitum | adv | forevermore | at eke, ekely, for eke, unto everness | |||||
adamant | adj | unyielding, unswayed, loud | - | |||||
adaptable | adj | - | onwending (cf. Du. aanwendbaar) | |||||
adapter | n | - | eck-on, fayfitter | |||||
add | vb | fay, eke
"fay to this wordbook!" |
reckon up, put on, onput (Barnes), at-eke (OE) | |||||
add up | vb | cast up, tally up | - | |||||
addict | n | - | soughtier (cf. NHG Süchtiger) | |||||
addicted | adj | - | soughty (cf. NHG süchtig) | |||||
addiction | n | craving, yearning | sought (<ME soght cf. NHG Sucht) | |||||
addition | n | faying | togive | |||||
additional | adj | - | bycoming (Du. bijkomend), coming by | |||||
additionally | adv |
again, also, besides, either, further, furthermore, likewise, moreover, then, too, withal, yet, over and above |
eke (also) | |||||
address | vb | call, name, clip, bespeak | at-speak, bequethe, hote | |||||
address | n | - | sitline (<OE: asittan 'to live together'), callword | |||||
adept | adj | skillful, skilled, good, deft, cunning | - | |||||
adequate | adj | right, even, fair, fit, befitting, becoming | makeshift/ make-do | |||||
adhere | vb | cling, stick, cleave to, follow, stand by |
at-cleave (<OE) oncleave (Barnes) | |||||
adherence to good morals | n | - | thewfastness | |||||
adherent | n | follower, stalwart | - | |||||
adiposis | n | overweight | - | |||||
adjacent | adj | near, next, neighboring, beside, by | - | |||||
adjective | n | - | mark-word (Barnes) | |||||
adjunct | n | helpmate, sidekick | - | |||||
adjust | vb | set, fit, gear | forstell (cf. NHG/Du. verstellen)
(see stell) | |||||
administer | vb | wield, deal, lot, | bewit | |||||
administration | n | dealing, shire | shiredom, shirecraft,rikedom | |||||
admiral | n | - | fleethelm, fleetleader, fleetwielder (wielder < OE walda) | |||||
admire | vb | look up to | bewonder, Belook | |||||
admission | n | doorway | thwaring | |||||
admit | vb |
let in, acknowledge, welcome, greet, take in confess: own up |
andet (<OE andhetan)
give to (cf. NHG zugeben, Du. toegeven) confess: beknow (Eng.) sense to join a club, society, admit to hospital, etc: Instep, Onsend, Tosend, Intake | |||||
admonish | vb | chide, forewarn, upbraid, warn | tell off, man (<OE manian) | |||||
adolescence | n | youthhood, growing up | teenhood | |||||
adolescent | n | youth, youngling, youngster, teen | - | |||||
adopt | vb | take on, follow; take in, mother, rear, foster, bring up, take care of |
intake | |||||
adoption | n | fostering | intaking | |||||
adorable | adj | comely, lovely, looksome, dear, sweet | - | |||||
adorn | vb | bedeck (Barnes), yare, trim, bedizen |
breen (<OE berenian) with precious stones: | |||||
adrenaline | n | - | thringweald | |||||
adulation | n | - | hallowing | |||||
adult | n | grown-up | fullwaxener (see Eng. waxen), waxen | |||||
adulthood | n | - | waxenhood | |||||
adultery | n | - | wedlock breach, Farlegarness (<OS Farlegarnessi) | |||||
adumbrate | vb | outline | - | |||||
advance | vb | make inroads, forward, further, go (on)
trans. put forth |
forthgo, wade on | |||||
advance | n | inroads, headway; breakthrough in advance: beforehand |
forthgoing | |||||
advanced | adj | quick, ahead, higher, better, hard, tough, skilfull, clever, manifold, knotted, snarled | forthstridden | |||||
advancing | adj | striding | - | |||||
advantage | n | boon, foredeal, high ground, upper-hand | boot, behoof, upside | |||||
advantageous | adj | helpful, worthwhile | behovely, frimful/frimly (<OE frimlic) | |||||
advection | n | Tobearing, Atbearing, Onbearing | ||||||
advent | n | coming, onset, showing up, calling on, coming forth | foreyule, foreyuletide, (Forechristmas) | |||||
adventure | n | happening, time; flutter, throw, undertaking, fare | rose (<OE rās)
wayspell (cf. Sw.vågspel) | |||||
adventurous | adj | daring, free-swinging, gutsy, bold | rosey, free-ghostly | |||||
adverb | n | - | byword (cf. NHG. Beiwort, Du. bijwoord, Dn. biord) | |||||
adversarial | n | - | thwartsome (Barnes), witherlike, gainsaying, fiendish, foelike | |||||
adversary | n | foe, witherling, fiend | withersake (<OE wiþersaca, cf. NGH. Widersacher) | |||||
adversity | n | ill, knock, mishap; hardship, hurdle, pitfall | thwartsomeness, hardhap, witherness | |||||
adversive | n | - | thwartsome, withersome | |||||
advertize | vb | boost, play up, show off | showmede | |||||
advertisement | n | boostering, showing | ||||||
advice | n | tip, help, read, reading | rede (<OE raed, cf. Du. raad, NGH. Rat) | |||||
advisable | adj | Redesome (cf. NHG ratsam) | ||||||
advise | vb | Beread, Berede | berede, mind | |||||
advocacy | n | boost, boostership, backing | forespeech (<OEforespræċ, cf. NHG. Fürsprache, Du. voorspraak) | |||||
advocate | n/vb | plead for, uphold, back up; spokesman, stand up for |
forspeak (<OE foresprecan, NHG fürsprechen) | |||||
aerial | adj | skywards, aloft, lofty, soaring, spirelike | loften (<OE lyften) | |||||
aerodynamic | adj | streamlined | wind deft, windfit, loftlithe | |||||
aerodynamics | n | - | loftcraft (calque Gk.) | |||||
aeronaut | n | flyer | roomfarer (room = space; cf. NHG Raum...) | |||||
aerospace | n | skycraft, skyworks | loftroom | |||||
aesir | n | ghosts, gods, undead, fiends, wicked wights | oasses (<OE os, -ir is an ON plural, the etym of Æsir means “spirits, demons”), wodes | |||||
aesthetic | adj | comely, fair, seemly, befitting, good looks | wlitty (<OE wlitig) | |||||
affair | n | fling; blowout; handiwork; happening; business |
inting (<OE intinga) | |||||
affect | vb | lead to, strike, inflow, sway; wend, shift, switch, Iwake (< OE
gewaecan), Ifreme (<OE ge-freme) Awork (<OE a-wyrcan) |
frother (Du. veranderen) | |||||
affection | n | fondness; illness; leaning; hallmark; sweetness, dearness | child: bairnlove (<OE bearnlufe) | |||||
affectionate | adj | loving, warm-hearted, indearing, sweet | lovesome (Barnes) | |||||
affiance | vb | betroth | - | |||||
affinity | n | leaning, kinship, sibred | sibhood | |||||
affirm | vb | - |
foraye (Barnes), | |||||
affirmative | adv | aye, yea, so, yes, yeah, yep | yea-some, yea-ly, ayesome | |||||
affix | n | stick on, put on | wordfastening | |||||
afflict | vb | ail, smite, dretch |
swench (<OE swinc), | |||||
affluence | n | wealth, riches, fat | weal, ethe | |||||
affluent | adj | wealthy, well-off, well-to-do rich, fat |
- | |||||
afraid | adj | aghast, fearful, frightened | afeared | |||||
Africa | n | - | Highsun | |||||
age | n | oldness, world, time, tide | eld, tide (era) | |||||
age | vb | olden: mellow, ripen, elden | eld | |||||
aged | adj | elderly, old(en), yore | forolden, full-blown, full-fledged, grown. | |||||
agenda | n | to-do-list, ledger | worklist (cf. Fr. wurklist), reckonleaf | |||||
agglomerate | vb | huddle | clodden (Barnes) | |||||
agglomeration | n | crowding, heaping, clodding, | swelltown | |||||
agglutinate | vb | wordlink | upcleam (Barnes) | |||||
aggressive | adj | go-getting | fightsome (Barnes) | |||||
aggressor | n | raider | scather | |||||
agile | adj | nimble, limber, lithe light-footed, yare |
- | |||||
agitate(d) | vb | stir, toss, keyed-up | - | |||||
agitation | n | worry | mindfret, seething, churning | |||||
aglet | n | - | needling, shoestring tip | |||||
agoraphobia | n | - | steadfear | |||||
agree | vb | settle on, fit, hold with (Barnes), stand [with], stick [with] |
thwear (<OE þwǽrian) forewyrd (<OE forewyrdan) | |||||
agreeable | adj | - | likeworthy | |||||
agreement | n | deal, meeting of minds | mirth, thwaring, thaving, soom (<OE som) | |||||
agrarian/agricultural | adj | field (Barnes) | - | |||||
agriculture | n | farming, tilling, harvest | fieldlore, earth-tilth (Barnes), croplore landwardship (cf. NHG Landwirtschaft) | |||||
aichmophobia | n | needlefright | - | |||||
aid | n | helpmate, sidekick; backing, helping hand, leg up | filst (<OE fylst)
atstall (<OE ætstæl) fultum (<OE fultum/fulteam) | |||||
aid | vb | help, bestead | filst (<OE fylstan), andfilst (<OE andfylstan) | |||||
aimsome | adj | single-minded (Barnes) | - | |||||
AIDS | n | - | Earned Bodyweir Scantness Sickness | |||||
aim | n | goal, mark | tile (<OE tilian "to aim", cf. NHG Ziel)
ettle | |||||
aim at | vb | - | eye for, nought in, tile (<OE tilian, NHG zielen) | |||||
air | n/vb |
wind, breath; vb: broadcast; freshen |
loft (<OE loft (through Old Norse), cf. NHG Luft, Du. lucht), lift (<OE lyft) life's breath | |||||
air force | n | - | loft-weir, loftmight (cf. Du. luchtmacht) | |||||
airplane/ aeroplane | n | flight craft, kite (slang), flightcraft | flycraft (OE, floegan; loftcraft, stycraft from OE: upstigen to move up rise ascend), wingwain, sarrowbird (sarrow - technical wonder) | |||||
airport | n | flight field,landing field, sky harbor, landing strip | lofthub, lofthaven (calque) | |||||
airship | n | Zeppelin, skyship | - | |||||
aisle | n | path, lane | gangway | |||||
alarm clock | n | - | waker (cf. NHG: Wecker, Du wekker)
wire-waker, wirerooster | |||||
alas | interj | alack, ay, woe | welaway, lackaday, alack | |||||
albedo | n | - | whiteness (<ME<OE hwitness), whiteshine, glowwhite | |||||
albino | n | - | whiteling | |||||
album | n | - | whitebook | |||||
albumen | n | egg white | egg lime | |||||
alchemy | n | - | orecraft | |||||
alcohol | n | booze, firewater | wineghost | |||||
alcoholic | adj | boozen | - | |||||
alcoholic | n | sot, drunkard, boozen | malt-worm | |||||
alert | adj | awake, watchful; heedful, wary; numble, sharp-witted; ready, willing |
gleg rathe (<OE rathe) | |||||
algorithm | n | - | reckonwrit | |||||
alien | n/adj | way-out, fremd, outlandish, outsider | Fremd (Eng./NHG. fremd), Elster, Elend, Otherling | |||||
alienate | vb | - | Befremd (NHG. Befremden) see fremd | |||||
alienation | n | unfriendliness | Befremding | |||||
align | vb | set up, fit, shape (into a line) | - | |||||
allegory | n | likeness | forlikening (Barnes) | |||||
allergy | n | - | overfeeling, haysneezing | |||||
alleviate | vb | allay, lighten | - | |||||
alley | n | walk, lane, pathway, walkway, gangway, laneway, ginnel | - | |||||
alliance | n | bond, tie | - | |||||
allied | adj | bound, wed | fayed | |||||
alligator | n | - | broadmouthnix | |||||
alliteration | n | - | staverime, mate-penning (Barnes) | |||||
allocate | vb | earmark, let | fordeal | |||||
allotment | n | - | fordealing | |||||
allow | vb | let (Barnes), leave, give the green light for | thwore (<OE þwárian)
thave (<OE þafian) aleave (<OE ālīefan, cf. NHG erlauben) | |||||
allowable | adj | - | thwaresome, thavesome | |||||
alloy | n | mix, blend, meld | mastling | |||||
All Saints Day | n | Allhallowmas, Hallowmas | - | |||||
allude | vb | hint (at), touch (on) | anent | |||||
allure | vb | draw to | spane (<OE spanan), adwell | |||||
Ally | n | Ithoft, Ifolk, Ihild, Ifight, Ilie, Ilay | ||||||
almanac | n | yearbook | - | |||||
alphabet | n |
ABCs
|
staffrow (<OE stæfrǣw, Ic. stafrófið, Fa. stavraðið), runeline, runecraft, runebook, | |||||
altar | n | - | giftboard, worship board glowstead, gleedstead (<OE glédstede) waybed (<OE wigbed) harrow (<OE hearg, cf. OHG harug) | |||||
alter | vb | wend | frother (cf. Fr. feroar, Du. veranderen, NHG. verändern) | |||||
altercation | n | flite, brangle, brawl, row, dust-up | - | |||||
alternate | v | waver, switch, become, shift | - | |||||
alternative | adj | other | - | |||||
altitude | n | height | highmete, aloftness | |||||
altruism | n | selflessness | - | |||||
altruistic | adj | selfless, unselfish | - | |||||
amass | vb | gather, heap, huddle | mill | |||||
amateur | n | greenhorn, beginner, starter | - | |||||
amazon | n | - | bandfighters (calque of Old Persian *hamazan)
wyewoman (calque of Irish banghaiscíoch and Scottish Gaelic ban-laoch) | |||||
ambassador | n | - | rikesboder, landspellsman | |||||
amber | n | - | brimstone, glarestone, burnstone, elksand (<OE eolhsand) | |||||
ambidextrous | adj | both-handed, two-handed, either-handed | umberight, umbecrafty, umbehandy | |||||
ambience | n | mood, feeling | roomfeel | |||||
ambiguous | adj | - | twiwordy (<OE twiwyrdig), twisided (Barnes); twi-meaning. twimeaning, unsifer, | |||||
ambiguity | n | - | twiwordiness | |||||
ambivalence | n | - | waver | |||||
ambivert | n | - | twigoer | |||||
ambiverted | adj | - | twigoing | |||||
ambulance | n | - | sickwain crankwain (<NHG Krankenwagen) | |||||
ambulant | adj | roving, wandering, wayfaring | - | |||||
ambush | n/ vb | net, web; waylay (Barnes), forlay | inbush | |||||
ameliorate | vb | better | eather | |||||
amen | interj |
- |
soothly (<OE soþlice) so be it (used in the early English Reformation), true dat (colloquial), yelayay | |||||
America | n | New World |
Markland (<OE mearcland "borderland," cognate to ON markland, the name given by Leif Eriksson to a Labrador shoreline; the element m a r k incidentally shares the same three consonant sounds as A m e r i c a) Westlands, Redlands | |||||
amicable | adj | friendly, hail-fellow-well-met | blithe | |||||
amigo | n | friend | - | |||||
ammonia | n | - | hartshorn | |||||
amnesia | n | blackout | eftmind loss | |||||
amoeba | n | - | shapeshifter, slimebrick, slimedeer (cf. Ic. slímdýr) | |||||
amorphous | adj | shapeless | - | |||||
amount | n | score, lot, whit, deal (Barnes) | - | |||||
ampersand | n | - | andtoken | |||||
amphibian | n | - | lurrow (cf. NHG Lurche), shoredeer, frogdeer (cf. Ic. froskdýr) | |||||
amphibious | adj | - | two-breathed (Barnes) | |||||
amphitheater | n | - | playstow, umbewitstow | |||||
ample | adj | broad, large, roomy | ||||||
amplifier | n | - | forstronger | |||||
amplify | vb | - | outbroaden (Barnes) | |||||
amplitude | n | breadth, reach, width | - | |||||
amputate | v | cut (off) | rend, snithe, forcarve (Barnes), belimb | |||||
amusement | n | fun, game, fun and games | ||||||
amusing | adj | - | listing | |||||
anachronism | n | mistiming (Barnes) | - | |||||
anaconda | n | - | whipsnake | |||||
anaesthetic | adj | unsightly | dwale | |||||
anagram | n | - | stavewrixel | |||||
anal | adj | bottom, ?bum — | arsely, arsen | |||||
analgesic | n | numbing | andwark | |||||
analogy | n | - | alikeword | |||||
analyze | vb | look at | forloosen (Barnes); think through, unthread, unriddle. Onlight, Onseek, Forloosen, Uploosen, Upsunder Nease (<OE to search, to find out by inquiry) Onnease, Anease | |||||
anarchism | n/adj | - | lawlessholth, lawlesshood | |||||
anarchy | n | lawlessness |
redelacking, ethellessness | |||||
anastomosis | n | shunt | - | |||||
anathema | n | - | forputting (calque Gk. anathema) | |||||
anatomy | n | - | bodylore | |||||
ancestor | n | forebearer (Barnes) forefather (Barnes) elder, forerunner fore-elder (Barnes) forekin |
foremother
foreolder (cf. Du. voorouder) | |||||
ancestry | n | strain, seed, bloodties, house |
strind | |||||
ancient | adj | hoary, olden, old-time
foreold (Barnes) |
fern (<OE fyrn)
orold (calque of NHG uralt), | |||||
ancient times | n | yoretide | - | |||||
andiron | n | firedog | firegoat | |||||
androgyny | n | - |
werewifehood (Calque of the Greek + "hood") | |||||
android | n | - | manhue/werehue (cf. Greek andros 'man' and oeidēs 'hue' (<OE hiw)) | |||||
anemometer | n | - | windmeter (Barnes) | |||||
anemone | n | - | windrose | |||||
anesthesia | n | - | unfeeler (calque)
number (one who numbs) | |||||
angel | n | - | rotherer, errandghost (<OE ærendgást) | |||||
anger? | n | ire, wrath, scorn | greme (<OE grama); 'anger' O.N. loanword circa 1220AD | |||||
angle | n | nook, bight, winkle | nookspan, nookwidth, hook, hurn (<OE hyrne), whem (<OE hwemm) | |||||
angry | adj | wrathful, uptight, waspish | - | |||||
anguish | n | woe, sorrow, heartbreak, heartache, throe | angsomeness, bosom-hell | |||||
angular | adj | - | nook-shot, sharp-nooked, straight-edged, hyrned (<OE hyrnen), edgy | |||||
animal | n | being | deer, wight (<OE wiht), wilder, soulend, livle, nite (<OE nēat), neat (from OE, like neatsfoot oil), neatenkind (<OE) | |||||
animate | vb | liven literary: quicken (Barnes) |
besoul (cf. NHG beseelen, Du. bezielen) | |||||
anime | n | - | dawnlandish livedrawing | |||||
animosity | n | hate(red) | - | |||||
annals | n | - | year-bookings | |||||
annelid | n | ringworm | - | |||||
annex | vb | - | onend (on+end) (cf. NHG Anschluss) | |||||
annihilate | vb | wipe out, | fornaughten (Barnes)
benothing (Eng.) | |||||
annihilation | n | wrecking | fornaughting, spild (OE) | |||||
anniversary | n | yearday, yeartide (Barnes), Frealstide (<OE a festival of the church, an anniversary), Year-imind (<OE) | mind day (<OE gemynddaeg) | |||||
Anno Domini | adv | in the year of our lord | - | |||||
annotate | vb | mark | bemark | |||||
annotation | n | marking | bemarking (NGH Bemerkung) | |||||
announce | vb | ban, bode, bid, kithe | forcouth (<OE cýðan, cf. NHG verkünden) meld (<OE meldian, cf. NHG./Du. melden) forthspell, spell out | |||||
announcement | n | - | oncouthing (cf. NHG Ankündigung) | |||||
annoy | vb | irk (Barnes), nettle | - | |||||
annoying | adj | irksome (Barnes) | - | |||||
annual | adj | yearly | - | |||||
annual | n | yearbook | - | |||||
annul | vb | fordo, call off | - | |||||
annuli astronomici | n | Gemma's Rings | - | |||||
anoint | v | smear | anele, throughsmear (<OE þūrhsmyrian) | |||||
anonymous | adj | nameless, unnamed, unknown | - | |||||
anorexia | n | - | fastlust | |||||
antagonist | n |
fiend, foe |
witherling, gainstander | |||||
antarctic | n | southend | - | |||||
Antarctica | n | South End | South Hern, Underland | |||||
antecedence | n | beforemath, foregoing | - | |||||
antediluvian | adj | - | foreflood | |||||
Ante Meridiëm | phr | Before Midday (calque) | - | |||||
anterior | adj | foreward; foregoing, former | - | |||||
anterior | n | fore, foreside | - | |||||
anthem | n | - | folksong (cf. NHG./Du. volkslied) | |||||
anthology | n | reader | fayness | |||||
anthropology | n | - | theedlore, manlore, werelore | |||||
anti- | n | wither-, with-, gain- | off- | |||||
antibiotic | n | gainrodlifeanwork | ||||||
antisemite | adj | Jew-hater | - | |||||
anticipate | vb | foretell, foresee | - | |||||
anticlockwise | adj/adv | widdershins | withclockwise, withershins | |||||
antics | n | - | odd behaveness, childishness | |||||
anticonstitutionally | adv | - | witherlawwritly withlawwritly | |||||
antidisestablishmentarianism | n | - | gainunstathelingmanness | |||||
antidote | n | - | atterloathe (<ME atterllothe) | |||||
antigen | n | - | offweirstuff | |||||
antihero | n | - | gainheleth, withheleth, witherheleth | |||||
antilope | n | - | buck (cf. Afr. bok)
bloomgoat | |||||
antimatter | n | - | gainstuff, witherstuff, unbeing, unstuff | |||||
antipathy | n | mislike | - | |||||
antipope | n | gainfather (cf. NHG gegenpapst) | ||||||
antiquated | adj | careworn, timestruck | - | |||||
antique | n/adj | eldern | - | |||||
antiquity | n | olden days; oldness, eldnerliness |
afern (OE fyrn 'former, ancient') | |||||
antiseptic | adj | - | withersmite | |||||
anti-statism | n | - |
witherlawwardness | |||||
anti-statist | adj | - | witherlawmootish | |||||
anti-statist | n | - | leedward witherling | |||||
antitoxin | n | - | gainatter | |||||
antler | n | - | blowhorn (<OE blōwan) | |||||
antonym | n | - | witherword gainword (cf. NHG gegenwort) | |||||
anulus | n | ring | - | |||||
anus | n | asshole(vulgar) | arse-thirl (OE: earsþerl); back-tharm;
endring | |||||
anxiety | n | worry, fear | angness, angens, angs | |||||
aorta | n | - | loftleat | |||||
apart | adj | cleaved, sundered, shedded | - | |||||
apart from | adv | aside, asunder | - | |||||
apartment | n | flat, room, by-room | woning (cf. NHG Wohnung) | |||||
apathetic | adj | samewise | - | |||||
aperture | n | opening, breech, hole | - | |||||
apex | n | tip, yop, top | - | |||||
aphid | n | greenfly, blackfly | wortlice | |||||
aphrodisiac | n | - | lustdrive | |||||
apogee | n | - | hightip | |||||
apologise | vb | say sorry |
forshild, unshild (cf. Du. verontschuldigen, NHG. entschuldigen, see shild) | |||||
apology | n | sorry | rueword, sorroword, belading (<OE) defense: besaying, forespeech (<OE forespræċ) | |||||
apostle | n | errand-bearer | errander, errand-wakener (OE ærendwrecca), sendling (cf. NHG 'Sendling'), fro-sent (Sir John Cheke) | |||||
apothecary | n | - | leefwinkle (leef 'medicine', see Ic. lyf) | |||||
apparel | n | clothes, wear, threads, weed | glad rags, donnings, step-outs | |||||
apparent | adj | seeming | eyeshinely (cf. NHG. augenscheinlich, Du. ogenschijnlijk) | |||||
apparently | adv/phr | seemingly, at first sight, in name only, on the outside, openly, to the eye, as it shows | staringly, eyeshinely (cf. NHG. augenscheinlich, Du. ogenschijnlijk) | |||||
appeal | vb | call (upon) | ask, beckon, clepe | |||||
appealing | adj | fair, winsome, sightly | - | |||||
appear | vb | show up | tew up (cf. OE ætīwan, ætywan), forshine (cf. Du. verschijnen, NHG. erscheinen) | |||||
appearance | n |
blee, look, cast, hue |
leer, eyeshine (NHG. Augenschein) | |||||
appease | vb | soothe, allay | frithen | |||||
appellation | n | name | - | |||||
appendage | n | limb | - | |||||
appendicitis | n | - | blindgut addle | |||||
appendix | n | - | organ: blindgut, blindtharm (cf. Fr. blineterm, NHG Blinddarm) book: tack-on, onhang (cf. NHG Anhang) | |||||
appetite | n | craving, hunger | - | |||||
appetizer | n | starter | foremeal | |||||
application | n | bearing, putting-on | - | |||||
applause | n | standing and clapping | byfall (cf. NHG Beifall, Du. bijval) | |||||
apply | vb | beseech, lay on, spread | bewharve (cf. NHG bewerben, see wharve) | |||||
appoint | vb | afix, set up, earmark, deem, settle, name |
wend out | |||||
appreciate | v | be thankful | ||||||
apprehension | n | foreboding, misgiving | - | |||||
apprentice | n | beginner, learner | learnend | |||||
approach | vb | near, be nigh, draw near to, come forth, creep up on | nighletch (<OE neahlæcan) | |||||
approach | n | means, way | ||||||
approaching | adj | nearing, forthcoming, upcoming, oncoming | nighleching | |||||
appropriate | adj | befitting, seemly, meet | roadly (cf. OE geradlic) | |||||
approve | v | let, bid
approve of: laud |
||||||
approximate | adj | rough, near, loose | - | |||||
approximately | adv | about, roughly, nearly, nigh | umb | |||||
appurtenance | n | - | sidemarking, nethermark | |||||
April | n | - | Eastermonth | |||||
apron | n | - | barmcloth | |||||
apt | adj | fit | deve (<OE defe), yroadly (<OE ġerādliċ) | |||||
aquaculture | n | fish-farming | - | |||||
aqualung | n | - | waterlung | |||||
aquamarine | adj | seagreen | - | |||||
aquaphobia | n | - | waterfear | |||||
aquaphobic | adj | afraid of (the) water | - | |||||
aquaplaning | n | - | watergliding | |||||
aquarium | n | - | fishglass, waterglass | |||||
aquatic | adj | waterly | - | |||||
aqueduct | n | - | waterleat | |||||
aqueous | adj | watery, water like, water bearing | - | |||||
arable | adj | - | ploughsome | |||||
arachnid | n | - | eight-legger | |||||
arboreal | adj | - | treewise | |||||
arbitrary | adj | whimsy | fallenly (cf. Du. toeval) willkirely (<OE willa + cyre 'choice' + 'līc) | |||||
arboretum | n | - | treestead | |||||
arc | n | bow | - | |||||
arcade | n | - | playhall (cf. Du. speelhal, NHG Spielhalle) | |||||
arch | n | Biel (<OE Bígel) | bow | |||||
archaeology | n | - | delvelore, fernfrod (cf. Ic. fornleifafræði) | |||||
archaeopterix | n | - | stoneset orfowl (cf. NHG Urvogel) stonelayed oldenwing | |||||
archaic | adj. | timeworn | forold (Eng., cf. NHG. veraltet) | |||||
archangel | n | - | high-ghost | |||||
archer | n | bowman | bowyer, shooter (<OE scytta, cf. NHG. Schütze, Du. schutter) | |||||
archery | n | - | bowcraft | |||||
archipelago | n | - | itune (<OE ieg 'island' + tun), island cluster. | |||||
architect | n | highcrafter (<OE) | ||||||
architecture | n | shell, framework | buildlore, buildcraft, timberlore, timbercraft, orshafting | |||||
architrave | n | - | silebeam | |||||
archive | n | backup | leafwritsam (cf. Ic. 'skjalasafn'), logsam, deedsam, writsam, backlog | |||||
arctic | adj | - | bear- (Ursa Minor), far-northern | |||||
Arctic | n | Land of the Midnight Sun | northend, Northland | |||||
ardour | n | keenness, lust | hotheartedness (<OE hatheortnes) | |||||
area | n | land, landspan, swathe, ard (<OE), snad, sned (<OE), yard | field of knowledge: breadth | |||||
argent | n | silver | - | |||||
Argentina | n | - | Silverland | |||||
arguable | adj | moot | sakebere | |||||
argue | vb | flite, wrestle, squabble, wrangle, bicker, tilt | chide | |||||
argument | n | flite, fightback, comeback, back-answer, answer | rake (<OE racu) | |||||
aridity | n | drought, dryness | rainlack, dryth | |||||
aristocrat | n | blue-blood | rikeborn, richard, wealthman | |||||
aristocratic | adj | full-blooded, highborn, highbred | rikeborn, richborn, athelborn | |||||
arithmetic | n | - | tellcraft (<OE getælcræft) | |||||
arm | vb | - | beweapon | |||||
arm | n | - | handweapon | |||||
armadillo | n | - | shieldling, girdledeer (cf. NHG Gürteltier, Du. gordeldier) | |||||
armillary sphere | n | - | ringkuggle | |||||
arming | n | - | weaponing, outrysting (cf. NHG Ausrüstung) | |||||
armistice | n | truce | weaponstandstill (cf. NHG Waffenstillstand) | |||||
armo(u)r | n | shield, byrnie, Iweapon, Iweaponings (<OE), Gouthreaf, Gouthsear, Gouthsare (<OE) | shieldwear, shieldcloth, helmcladding, heraweed (<OE herewǣde), firedskeerp (<OE fierdsceorp), rysting (<OE hyrstan, cf. NHG Rüstung), hereclad | |||||
armo(u)r | vb | begear, beshield, ryst/rist (<OE hrystan, cf. NHG rüsten) iron (<OE ísenian) | ||||||
armory | n | shieldhouse | shieldwearhouse, helmcladdenhouse, heraweedhouse, firedskeerphouse, weaponhouse (<OE wæpenhūs), rysthouse | |||||
army | n | fyrd, ferd, landfyrd | hera, landferd, dright, weremight, ganghere (foot men), thrim (<OE þrymm; cf. MnE trim), here (<OE here), herg | |||||
aroma | n | smell | duft | |||||
around | prep, adj, adv | about | um, umb, umbe | |||||
arouse | vb | stir, awake, arear | - | |||||
arrange | vb | fix, set, settle; draw up, lay out, Endbeird (<OE), Fade (<OE) | stight | |||||
arrangement | n | layout | - | |||||
array | vb | lay out, set out | - | |||||
arrest | vb | nab, avast, halt, stop | - | |||||
arrive at | vb | reach, come upon, get to | oncome (<OE ancuman) | |||||
arrogant | adj | proud, highhanded, overbearing, overweening | lonk (<OE wlank) | |||||
arsenal | n | - | weaponhoard | |||||
arsonist | n | fire-raiser | firestarter | |||||
art | n | craft | list (calque) | |||||
artery | n | - | loftblood adder | |||||
artesian | adj | - | thringrising | |||||
argon | n | - | idlestuff | |||||
arthritis | n | - | lithbollow (cf. Ic. Liðbólga) | |||||
artichoke | n | - | eatthistle (cf. Ic. ætiþistill) | |||||
article | n | thing, write-up | writ grammar: lithword (cf. Du. lidwoord) | |||||
artificer | n | maker, craftsman, smith, wright | worldcrafter (<OE woruldcræfta)<vr />pl: worldcraftren (<OE woruldcræftan) | |||||
artificial | adj | manmade, craftly | - | |||||
artillery | n | gunware | - | |||||
artisan | n | craftsman, wright, handyman | - | |||||
art(s), artistry | n | craft, deftness, handiwork | - | |||||
Asatru(ar) (maður) | n | - | Esetroth(er), Ostroth(er) | |||||
asbestos | n | - | thrumstone, stone-flax, earthflax, (sl) devil dust, devil's dust. | |||||
ascend | vb | climb, sty | - | |||||
Ascension Day | n | - | Gang-Day (<OE gangdæg) | |||||
ascent | n | upgoing, rise | upgang (Brit.) | |||||
asexual | n | - | swiveless | |||||
Asia | n | the East | easterngreatland | |||||
Asian (race) | n | yellow (vulgar slang) | Eastern, Far-Eastern | |||||
asparagus | n | sparrowgrass | earth navel (<OE eorðnafela) | |||||
asphalt | n | - | streettar | |||||
aspin | n | philipdog | ||||||
assail | vb | scathe lay into col.; raid, storm | - | |||||
assassin | n | hitman, murderer | - | |||||
assault | v | onset, onrush, beset | onfall (Eng, NHG. Anfall) | |||||
assault | n | onset, onrush, besetting |
andfeng (<OE) Obs. onfall (Eng., NHG. Anfall) | |||||
assemble | vb | cleave, gather, huddle, band frame, build, set up, forgather |
samen (<OE samnian,cf. ON samna, NHG sammeln, Du. zamelen), evencome (<OE efencuman) | |||||
assembly | n | ingathering, meeting; church, get-together, huddle |
moot samening (<OE samnung),
leedstefen (<OE léodstefn), | |||||
asset | n | holding | - | |||||
assiduous | adj | hopping, tied-up, working | workfast | |||||
assign | vb | allot, deed, trust | - | |||||
assimilate | vb | - | inblend, uptake/upnim (cf. NHG. aufnehmen) | |||||
assist | vb | help, bestead, prop up, Fultum (<OE) | filst (<OE fylstan) | |||||
assistance | n | help, backing, helping hand, lift | filst (<OE fylst)
midhelp (<OE midhelp), | |||||
assistant | n | helper |
filstend (<OE fylstend) | |||||
association | n | hookup, linkup, tie-up; brotherhood, guild, club, fellowship |
underbind forband (cf. NHG Verband) dowiþ (< OE dōn + wiþ) | |||||
assume | vb | deem; foreguess, bear, shoulder, undertake,
Inim [OE ge-nyman: to take up, to take on, assume] |
hie/huy behowe (<OE behawian), | |||||
aster | n | - | starbloom | |||||
asterisk | n | star | starling; starkin | |||||
asteroid | n | - | roomrock, rock wanderer | |||||
asthma | n | - | angbreast (<OE angbreost) | |||||
astonish | vb | astound, dumbfound, amaze, bewilder, bewonder, startle, baffle |
offwonder | |||||
astonished | n | astounded, dumbfounded, amazed, bewildered, bewondered, startled |
offwondered (<OE ofwundrod) | |||||
astonishing | adj | amazing, astounding, blindsiding, eye-opening startling; stunning, wonderful |
bewondering | |||||
astral | adj | - | rotherly (<OE rodor), starly, star- | |||||
astrarium | n | - | tungletimer | |||||
Astrarium of Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio |
n | - | liefbound tungletimer | |||||
astrolabe | n | - | starreckoner | |||||
astrology | n | starcraft | tungle sway, tungleshed (<OE tungolgescead) | |||||
astronaut | n | - | heavensfarer, skyfarer, skytaker | |||||
astronomy | n | starlooking | starlore, heavenlore | |||||
astute | adj | shrewd, cunning, sharp, quick-witted |
yepe (<OE geap) | |||||
asylum | n | grith, haven; madhouse | - | |||||
asymptote | n | - | ameetend | |||||
atavism | n | throwback | - | |||||
atelier | n | workshop | - | |||||
atheïsm | n | godlessness | - | |||||
atheïst | adj | godless | liefless, unliefsome, ungodsome | |||||
-ative | suffix | - | -ingly | |||||
atlas | n | - | land book | |||||
atmosphere | n | - |
welkin, lofthelm (<OE lyfthelm) Welkintrindle, Lofttrindle, Ethem (<OE meaning, breath, air atmosphere) | |||||
atom | n | grot (ME, <OE grōt, "particle") | formote, uncleft | |||||
atrocious | adj | frightful; rotten. | - | |||||
atrophy | n | withering, dying, waning | - | |||||
attack | n | onslaught, onset, onrush, strike, blow, hit |
hildrush, onshot
ongripe | |||||
attack | vb | raid, rush, strike | - | |||||
attack helicopter | n | - | strikenchopper | |||||
attain | vb | reach | - | |||||
attempt | n | bid, crash, fling, go, shot, whack, whirl |
cunning, fanding, minting | |||||
attempt | vb | seek | cun (<OE cunnian), fand, mint | |||||
attend | vb | hearken, mind; care, oversee, watch |
- | |||||
attendant | n | steward | thew, theen, atstandand (<OE ætstandend) | |||||
attention | n | heed, mind, aught | bemarking | |||||
attest | vb | witness; swear; bear out | Beshine (NHG. bescheinigen)
Besteady (NHG. bestätigen) | |||||
attic | n | loft | thackroom | |||||
attire | n | cladding | - | |||||
attitude | n | standing, outlook, mood, ways, behaving | installing (cf. Du. instelling) | |||||
attorney | n | lawman | - | |||||
attract | vb | draw, draw in |
span (<OE spannan), | |||||
attractive | adj | comely, fair, good-looking, handsome, winsome, sightly | wlitty (<OE wlitig) | |||||
attribute | n | ownship | - | |||||
aubergine | n | - | eywort, wind-healing wort (calque from Sanskrit) | |||||
auction | n | - | biddingsale | |||||
audacious | adj | daring, bold, ballsy, fearless, unafeared, cheeky, dare-all, dareful, unfearing, reckless stoor |
thriste | |||||
audacity | n | gall, guts, mettle hardihood, hardiness boldness, balls |
- | |||||
audible | adj | - | hearly, hearsome | |||||
audience | n | hearing, listeners | greetinghouse (<OE) | |||||
audio | n | loud | listenet (listen+ -et, cf. Eng. thicket) | |||||
augment | vb | eke | bemore | |||||
August | n | - | Weedmonth | |||||
augury | n | - | ontoken | |||||
aunt | n | - | father's sister: fathe (<OE Faðe or Faðu) mother's sister: modrey, mothrey (<OE Modrige or Modrie) | |||||
aurora | n |
dawning, daylight |
- | |||||
aurora australis | n | southern lights | - | |||||
aurora borealis | n | northern lights | - | |||||
aurum | n | gold | yellow dust | |||||
auscultation | n | harkening | lossening (<OE hlosnian: to listen wait be on the lookout for) | |||||
austere | adj | - | yarewit | |||||
austerity | n | hardliness | tighthold | |||||
Australia | n | - | Andland (cf. H Ic. proposal 'Andland,' found here ); the Sutherlands, the Southern lands (from Latin "terra australis") | |||||
Austria | n | - | Easternrick (<OHG Osterrici, cf. NHG 'Österreich) | |||||
author | n | writer | bookwright | |||||
authentic | adj | true | - | |||||
authority | n | headship, shark; deathgrip | elderdom (<OE ealdordóm)
lorewdom, | |||||
auto- | pref | self- | - | |||||
autodidact | adj | selftaught | selflearned | |||||
automaker | n | wainwright | - | |||||
automatic | adj |
knee-jerk gunning: self-loading, |
machinery: selfworking, selfdriving; selfdriven | |||||
automobile | n | - | selfshifter (calque) | |||||
autonomy | n | - | selflaw, selfstanding | |||||
autonym | n | selfname | - | |||||
autopsy | n | - | open bodyunderseeching, deathreading | |||||
autumn | n | fall | till, harvest | |||||
auxiliary | adj | backup, fallback-, helping | eke | |||||
avail | vb | - | dow (< archaic NE dow <ME duʒen < OE dugan; cf. Sc. dow ) frim, miling | |||||
available | adj | free, in stock, at hand, forthcoming |
arworthsome (calque), athandsome, atputsome | |||||
avalanche | n | snowslide | bergfall, fellfall | |||||
avant garde | n | forhead | - | |||||
avarice | n | greed | yetsing (<OE gitsung) | |||||
avatar | n | - | fleshbilth | |||||
avenge | vb | wreak | - | |||||
avenue | n | - | drive | |||||
average | adj | mean, middling | - | |||||
avert | vb | forestall, head off, stave off | mithe, forecome, offwend, umbewend (redirect) | |||||
aviary | n | birdhouse, birdstow. | - | |||||
aviator | n | birdman, flyer | loftman, rotherer | |||||
avid | adj | raring | - | |||||
avocado | n | butter pear; soft apple | - | |||||
avoid | vb | miss, shun, ware
stay away, keep away |
mithe (obs.), forecome, umgang, umgo (see um-) | |||||
avow | vb | swear, trow, own | yea-say | |||||
award | vb | bestow, acknowledge | - | |||||
axis | n | axle, shaft | - | |||||
azimuth | n | - | south hern (cf. Ic. Attarhorn) | |||||
Aztec | n | Heronlander (A person from Aztlan, which literally means 'a place of herons') | ||||||
Aztec | adj | Heronlandish | ||||||
azure | adj | haw (ME <OE hæwen) | swail, blee |