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− | |chalk,''' '''coalsour lime''' '''(Cf. WFris.''''' '''''[http://www.wnt.inl.nl/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=WFT&id=51741 koalsoere kalk]''','''<span style="display: none;"> </span>'''<span id="cke_bm_80S" style="display: none;"> </span> '''koalsûre kalk<span id="cke_bm_80E" style="display: none;"> </span><span style="display: none;"> </span>;''' |
+ | |chalk,''' '''coalsour lime''' '''(Cf. WFris.''''' '''''[http://www.wnt.inl.nl/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=WFT&id=51741 koalsoere kalk]''','''<span style="display: none;"> </span>'''<span id="cke_bm_80S" style="display: none;"> </span> '''koalsûre kalk<span id="cke_bm_80E" style="display: none;"> </span><span style="display: none;"> </span>;''' <span id="cke_bm_44S" style="display: none;"> </span><span style="display: none;"> </span>'''Du<span style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_44E" style="display: none;"> </span>. koolzure kalk'', ''NHG'' ''[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumcarbonat kohlensaurer Kalk)<span id="cke_bm_68S" style="display: none;"> </span><span style="display: none;"> </span>]''<span id="cke_bm_68E" style="display: none;"> </span>'''<span style="display: none;"> </span>.''' ''coalsoured lime'' ''(Cf. Swe''.'' [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalciumkarbonat kolsyrad kalk<span id="cke_bm_63S" style="display: none;"> </span><span style="display: none;"> </span>])<span style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_63E" style="display: none;"> </span> |
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Revision as of 21:32, 12 November 2012
Staff C of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WLG = West Low Theech
- ELG = East Low Theech
- NL = Netherlandish
- NHG = New High Theech
- IC = Icelandish
- HIC = High Icelandish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Theech
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Theech
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Theech
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
Modern English Words | Word Class |
Anglish Proposals | ||
Attested in Modern English | Unattested in Modern English | |||
caballine | adj | horselike, horsely | - | |
cabaret | n | nightclub | - | |
cabbage | n | cole, kale | - | |
cabinet (rikecraft) | n | - | redebody, redeship | |
cabinet (household) | n | hutch, locker, sideboard | mugboard, hoarding | |
cable | n | wire, rope | ropewire | |
caboose | n | - | trainback, shipkitchen | |
cache | n | - | putstow, bike | |
cacophony | n | - | baleloud | |
cadaver | n | dead body | - | |
cadaverous | adj | deathly, ghastly, ghostly, grim, ashen, bloodless, bled-white | - | |
cadet | n | - | forefighter | |
cadmium | n | - | Wodan | |
caecum | n | - | blindtharm, blindgut | |
Caesar | n | - | Almighty | |
caesium | n | - | skiyield | |
café | n | coffee shop, coffee house, lunch house | - | |
cafeteria | n | lunchroom, supper hall, lunch house | - | |
cajole | v | beg, wheedle, sweet-talk | - | |
calamari | n | cuttlefish | - | |
calcaneus | n | heelbone | - | |
calcium | n | limeore | - | |
calcium carbonate | n | - | chalk, coalsour lime (Cf. WFris. koalsoere kalk, koalsûre kalk ; Du . koolzure kalk, NHG kohlensaurer Kalk) . coalsoured lime (Cf. Swe. kolsyrad kalk) | - |
calculate | v | reckon, work out | - | |
calculator | n | reckoner, hand reckoner | - | |
calculus | n | - | flowreckoning | |
calendar | n | daybook | timetale | |
calisthenics | n | drills | - | |
calligraphy | n | handwriting, craft of | (hand)writingcraft | |
callous | adj | tough, stiff, soulless, hard, cold-hearted, cold, heartless, unbending, unfeeling, cold-shouldered, hardhearted, stony, deadhearted, stonehearted, iron-witted, thick-skinned, slash and burn | - | |
calm | adj | cool | - | |
calm | v | soothe, lithe, simmer down, lull | - | |
calumniate | v | betell | forwray (<OE forwregan) | |
calque | n | overyielding loanoversetting (cf. NHG Lehnübersetzung) |
edyielding | |
calyx | n | - | bloomleaf | |
camel | n | - | twohump, drylander | |
camera | n | - |
fanger, buildfanger lightfastener | |
camouflage | n | blending, blend-in, derning, derncloth, dernclothing, dernstuff | - | |
camomile | n | - | liethleaf | |
campaign (military) | n | - | axfare (<OE æxfaru), mightwork | |
campaign (rikecraft) | n | bandwagon | - | |
campaign | vb | take the stump, barnstorm | - | |
campus | n | - | lorefield, lorerealm, byttle (<OE: ge-bytlu) | |
canal | n | leat, waterway | - | |
cancerous | adj | - | cankersome | |
candelabrum | n | - | glimtree | |
canine | adj | houndlike, doglike | - | |
cannon | n | - |
dunspar (contraction of dun and spear) thorgun Fallbuss (cf. Ic. Fallbyssa) (also buss as in blunderbuss, buss meaning gun) | |
canvas | n | - | hemprag | |
canyon | n | gulch | clove, cliffgap, cliffgulch, berggap, berggulch | |
capacity | n | - | holdth, heldth | |
cape (clothing) | n | - | backcloth, backcoat, sleeveless coat | |
cape (geography) | n | head, headland, -ness (in placenames) | ness | |
capital (city) | n | head town |
revetown headstead (cf. other Germanic langs.) landtown, fromburg | |
capital | adj | head | - | |
capitalism | n | - | headdom, headpennydom | |
capricious | adj | fitful, choppy, flighty, fickle | thought-hopping | |
capsize | v | keel | wemmel | |
captain | n | headman, leader | shipper (<M Du scipper and MnE skipper) | |
captivate | v | inthrall, bind, fall for | - | |
captive | n | - | heftling | |
capture | v | take, kidnap, steal, swipe, nab | - | |
car | n | wain, roadster, horseless, roadwain | - | |
caravan | n | - | kinwagon, wastelandhorse-tug | |
carbon | n | chark, soot | coalstuff, lifestuff | |
carbon dioxide | n | - | twiathemloft chark, onecoal-twosour-stuff, fizzloft | |
carburator | n | - | forelofter | |
cardiac arrest | n | - | heart standstill, heartstop | |
cardinal (Church official) | n | - |
godsearl (< High Icl. guðsjarl) Whule (< Sw. Hwul) | |
cardinal (bird) | n | - | redbird | |
career | n | line of work, walk of life, job path | - | |
caress | v | fondle, stroke | - | |
cargo | n | freight, weight | - | |
carnal | adj | fleshly | - | |
carnal attraction | n | - | fleshbesmittenness (<OE), fleshcostening (<OE flæsccostnung) | |
carnivore | n | meateater, flesheater | - | |
carouse | v | birle | - | |
carousel | n | - | umbrider | |
carpenter | n | - | woodsmith, woodcraftsman | |
carpentry | n | woodwork, woodcraft | - | |
carpet | n | - | stepcloth | |
carriage | n | bearing | - | |
carrot | n | more (cf. OE moru, NHG Möhre) | sightroot, gulroot, hornroot, hornwurzel, duskwurzel | |
carry | v | bear, weigh, ferry | - | |
cartoon | n | - | livedrawing | |
cartouche | n | - | stretched girder, stretched foreverness-rope, brass-load, load | |
cartridge | n | holder, pickup, tape, brass-load, load | - | |
case (grammatical) | n | fall | ||
in case | conj | lest, for fear that, if ... should | - | |
cashewnut | n | - | kidney nut | |
casing | n | shell, brass | - | |
casino | n | - | bet hall, bet house | |
castle | n | burg, stronghold | stronghouse | |
casual | adj | breezy, blithe, light-hearted | - | |
catch | v | snare, snarl, snag, latch, fang, nab | - | |
catechism | n | - | thoughteaching, lorebook, godlorebook, godlore handbook, forsoughbook (calque of Gk. 'katachesis' + book) | |
categorize | v | - | underbring (Calque of Du. onderbrengen) | |
caterpillar | n | - | kaleworm (<OE cawelwyrm), leafworm (<OE leafwyrm), mealshape (<OE mælsceafa), Devil's cat, hairy cat, butterfly worm | |
cathedral | n | - | headchurch | |
catheter | n | - | (body)pipe | |
cathode | n | - | downway | |
catholic | adj | popeling (derogatory) | broad, all, oneworthen, wholeabout, (ye-)meanly | |
catkin | n | - | bloomtail | |
cattle | n | cows, livestock, kine, nowt, fee | - | |
caucasian (race) | n | white | - | |
cauldron | n | (big) kettle | - | |
cauliflower | n | - | bloomcole | |
cause | n | bring-about, let-on, wherefrom | frume (<OE fruma), onlet | |
cause | v | - | fuse (<ME fusen), werthe | |
caustic | adj | burning | - | |
cautery | n | (device): burning | - | |
caution | n | wariness, care, reck | - | |
cavalry | n | horsemen, riders | - | |
cave | n | hollow, hole, cove, hove | - | |
cavil | v | carp | - | |
cavity | n | hole, hollow, wame | - | |
cease | v | stop, lay off, halt, give up, leave off, yield, blin | aswike | |
ceasefire | n | - | weapon-still, halt-fire | |
celebrate | v | - | bemark, freals (<OE freolsian) | |
celery | n | - | fenroot, fenwort | |
celestial bow | n | rainbow, heaven's bow | thunderbow, showerbow, lightning-bow, watergall (imperfectly-formed) | |
celestial sphere | n | welkin | - | |
cell | n | hole, room | frume (cf. Icelandic fruma), lifebrick | |
cell division | n | - | frumecleaving | |
cellulose | n | - | treestrand | |
cement | n | - | brickstick | |
cemetery | n | graveyard, boneyard | church-litten | |
censorship | n | - | word-hunting, speechslighting, hidedeeming | |
censure | vb | upbraid | - | |
census | n | - | tomarkedness <OE tomearcodnes), folkstelling (cf. NHG Volkszählung), folkscoring, folktally | |
cent | n | penny, hundredth | - | |
centaur | n | - | manhorse | |
centipede | n | - | hundredfooter | |
central | adj | middlemost, midmost, main | midwise, midly | |
centre | n | middle, innermost, mid, midmost, nave, heart, yolk | crossmiddle, midth | |
century | n | one hundred years | hundredyear, hundyear | |
cereal | n | morningcorn (cf. Ice. morgunkorn) | ||
certain | adj | some, known | sicker | |
certainly | adv | for sure, forsooth, soothly, in sooth | sickerly | |
certificate | n | - | sickermark, sickerwrit | |
cerulean | adj | sky-blue, heavenly-blue, blue, woadish | - | |
cerumen | n | earwax | - | |
chain | n | shackle, fetter | - | |
chair | n | seat, stool, settle | - | |
chalice | n | bowl | - | |
challenge | n | ordeal, dare, becall | - | |
chamber | n | room, bedroom, breach (of a gun) | - | |
chameleon | n | - | blending athex, wristlehue athex faying athex (<OE fágian 'to change in color vary be variegated') | |
chance | n | luck, opening | - | |
change | v | wend, shift, makeover, char, switch |
frother (for- + other; cf. Frisian 'feroaring') wrixle/wristle (<OE wrixlian) | |
channel | n | fairway, race, ford | sound (<OE sund - long narrow inlet) | |
charming | adj | friendly, lovely, winsome, comely | - | |
chaos | n | craziness, mayhem | dwolma (<OE), topsy-turvydom, unfrith | |
character | n | being | selfsuchness | |
character (art) | n | - | playlede, playbeing | |
charge | v | load, fill | - | |
charged | adj | heated, fraught, burdened, plighted, weighted | - | |
charity | n | love, alms, selflessness | givefulness, goodgoal (cf. Du. goededoel) | |
charlatan | n | quack | - | |
charter | n | bestowing deed | - | |
chase | v | follow after, hound, hunt | - | |
chastise | v | chide, scold, bring to book, have words with | - | |
cheat | v | bilk, hack, swindle, rig | - | |
checker (game bit) | n | Draughtsman, draftsman | - | |
checkers (game) | n | Draughts | - | |
cheer | n | beaming, gladness, happiness, glee, merriness, mirth, blitheness | - | |
cheer | v | gladden, root, hearten, perk up | blithen, bemirth | |
chef d'oeuvre | n | lordwork | - | |
cherish | vb | fondle, wheedle | - | |
chief | n | head, leader, headman | forst (<OE forwost) | |
chili | n | hotpepper | - | |
chime | v | ring, toll | - | |
chimpanzee | n | - | mockman (chimpanzee in Tshiluba language means mockman) | |
China | n | Middle Kingdom | Midrike, Mithrike (cf. High Ic. Miðríki) | |
chlorophyll | n | leafgreen | - | |
chocolate | v | - | sweetslime, sweetblock | |
choice | n | choosing, picking, wale | - | |
cholesterol | n | - | gallvat | |
Christian | adj | Christly | Christish, Christlike (cf. NHG Christlich) | |
Christianity | n | Christendom | Christthrotheneness | |
Christmas | n | Yule | - | |
chromosome | n | - | lifebody, lifepith | |
chromatid | n | - | halflifebody, halflifepith | |
chronicle | n | ledger, tale | - | |
chronology | n | timeline, flow of time | timeflow | |
chrysanthemum | n | - | goldbloom | |
cider | n | applewine | - | |
cigarette | n | smoke, fag, butt, stompie, canker stick (coll.) | - | |
cinema | n | - | bilds, filmhouse | |
cinquefoil | n | - | fiffinger | |
circa | prep | about | - | |
circle | n | ring, loop, wreath, trindle, trundle | - | |
circuit | n | - | begang (<OE begong) | |
circulate | v | broadcast, spread abroad | - | |
circulation | n | - |
umfaring, forfaring (of blood): bloodflow (cf. NHG Blutfluss) | |
circulatory system | n | bloodstream | bloodstream-network, bloodflow-network | |
circumcise | v | cut, cut about | umcut, umsnithe (<OE ymbsniðan), besnithe (cf. NHG beschneiden) | |
circumference | n | rim, girth | rimlength (71 Google hits), rimreach (W.B.), rimspan, umgoing | |
circumflex | n | - | stavehat | |
circumspect | adj | careful, watchful | - | |
circumstance | n | happening | umstandness [< OE ymbstand(en)ness; cf. WFris. omstannichheid, Du. omstandigheid, NHG Umstand, Dan. omstændighed, Norw. omstendighet, Swe. omständighet, Icel. kringumstæður], boutstanding, embstanding, happenstanding umstalling | |
circumvent | v | work around | work emb(e), overreach | |
circus | n | big top | - | |
cirrocumulus | n | - | curlcloud | |
citizen | n | towns(wo)man | burrough(wo)man | |
citroen | n | sourapple | - | |
city | n | borough, burgh, burrow, burg | (great) town, stad, stead | |
civet cat | n | - | slipcat | |
civil law | n | - | folk(s)law | |
civilian | n | - | rikemate, rike(wo)man | |
civilization | n | - | couthdom, couthness, kempt living, tame living, folkhood, settledhood, folkdom | |
civilize | v | tame, settle | couthen | |
clairvoyant | n | - | clearseer, clearwistend | |
claim | v | ask for, seek, call for, hold, get hold of, want | - | |
clamor | n | din | greeding | |
clan | n | kindred, kinsfolk, fellowship (gaming) | - | |
clarify | v | - | swotel | |
class | n | layer, kind, standing, rung | flock / flok (i.e. as in school) (use comparable to Icelandic 'flokki') | |
classification | n | tag, brand | bekinding, sighting (<NHG. sichten) | |
classify | v | tag, brand | bekind, berung | |
classical | adj | timeless | oldendomly, first stead, old lorehouse, old wayish, wontish | |
claustrophobia | n | - | tightfear | |
clear | adj | sharp | sheer, swotel (<OE sweotol) | |
clearing | n | glade | gall | |
clergy | n | - | churchhood | |
clergyman | n | churchman, man of the cloth | - | |
cliché | n | old saying | unthought-up saying, oftquote | |
clichéd | adj | hackneyed, everyday | - | |
climate | n | - | loftlay (c.f. Ic. loftslag) | |
clinic | n | sickbay | - | |
clock | n | - | daymale, stounder | |
clockwise | adj | sunwise | - | |
clone | n | - | likebody, samebody | |
clone | vb | - | eftyield the body | |
close | v | shut, narrow | - | |
close | adj | near, narrow, nearby | - | |
co- | pref | fellow, by-, i- | - | |
coalition | n | - | fellowblock | |
coast | n | shore, shoreline, strand | searim, warth | |
coat of arms | n | - | kinshield | |
cockroach | n | black-beetle | dirtbug | |
coeval | nn & adj | - | even-old | |
coffee | n | - | roastbean, turkmadder, turk's madder, walmadder (analog of walnut, from PGMC for 'foreign nut'), africanish leafwos (african tea, noted in the Middle Eld) | |
coffer | n | - | hoardvat (<OE hordfæt) | |
cognate | n | - | kinword | |
cognizant | adj | rathe, aware | - | |
cohabit | v | live together, dwell together | by-live, by-dwell | |
coil | n | - | whirlwire | |
coin | n | - | geldtoken, minttoken | |
coincidence | n | - | likehappening | |
coitus | n | - | swiving, heamedlock (<OE hæmedlac), bysleep (<NHG Beischlaf) | |
cojones | n | balls, guts | - | |
colic | n | - | bellyharm | |
collapse | n | downfall, infall, swooning | - | |
colleague | v | workmate, fellow worker | - | |
collect | v | gather | samen (<OE samnian) | |
colonize | v | settle, take over, spread through(out) | - | |
colony | n | settling | rikeling | |
color | n | hue, cast, blee, light wavelength | huecast | |
color | v | hue, dye, shade | - | |
column | n | upright, sile | - | |
combat | v | fight, struggle | hild | |
combine | vb | bind | gatherbind, withbind, togiether | |
combustible | n | fiery | tenderkin (<OE tyndercyn) | |
comedian | n | funnyman | funspeller, lustspeller, laughtersmith | |
comedy | n | - | funplay, lustplay (cf. NHG Lustspiel) | |
comet | n | shooting star | tailstar, blazing star | |
comfort | n | liss, frover | weem (<OE weman), soothefulness | |
comfortable | adj | comely, restful, opening, cheery | weemly, froverly | |
comestible | n | food, a food thing | eatsome | |
comic | n | funny | - | |
comics | n | - | talestrips, livestrips | |
command | n | behest, bidding | - | |
command | n | headship | - | |
command | v | bid, lead, behest | - | |
commandment | n | - | behesting, bodeword | |
commence | v | begin, start | - | |
comment | n | underquote | umspeech, undertalk | |
commentary | n | input, feedback | - | |
commerce | n | business | - | |
commercial | adj | businesswise | - | |
commit | v | do, betake, belay | - | |
common (shared) | adj | shared, mean (OE gemæne, note that it has shifted to mean cheap;. mean (middle) is from French from Latin mediānus) | meanshiply (OE gemænscipe = community) | |
common (usual, familiar) | adj | rife, widespread, everyday, oft | wonesome (<OE wune = custom (n.)) | |
common (vulgar) | adj | churlish (a churl is a pesant) | ||
common law | n & adj | - | folklaw | |
Commonwealth | n | - | Sharedwealth, Folkwealth, Kinwealth, Meanbest (cf. Du. Gemenebest) | |
commotion | n | - | stirness (<OE styrenes) | |
communicate | v | spell, speak, tell, be understood, give, share, teach, put forward, set forth, hint, make known, bring word, put forth, speak out, bespeak | - | |
communion | n | fellowship | - | |
Communism | n | - | Sharedom, Sharemind, Sharingdom, Sharingmind, Samenbeleadom (<OE same "together", cf. Du. samen + belead "policy" cf. Du. beleid), Yemendom (<NHD gemein "common" + -dom), Samendom | |
community | n | fellowship | borough-weren, yemeanship/meanship (<OE gemænscip; NHG Gemeinschaft) | |
compact | adj | - | withfasted, withfied | |
Compact Disc | n | red book | dishling, withfasted ring (WFR) | |
CD-ROM | n | yellow book | WFR-read only bemindings | |
companion | n | mate, helpmate, friend | - | |
company | n | business | - | |
comparative anatomy | n | - | overlikening bodylore | |
compare | v | game off against | aliken(OE anlician), gainsame liken, overliken, gainmete, gainfare, withfare | |
compassion | n | ruth, milts, rue | - | |
compatible | adj | well-matched, works with | - | |
compatriot | n | kinsman | fellow-land(wo)man | |
compel | v | gar | - | |
compensation | n | meed | - | |
competent | adj | up-to-it, up to the task, worthy | - | |
complain | v | whine, bitch, moan, gripe, whinge, carp, bellyache | - | |
complete | adj | altogether, fulfilled, fullmade, ended,thoroughgoing | fullstanding | |
complete | v | fulfill, end | full-do, full-end | |
completely | adv | outright, fully, utterly, thoroughly, through and through, inside-out, to the hilt, altogether | - | |
complexion | n | hue, look, blee, ilk, kind, suchness, way, outlook | skin-look, skin-hue | |
compliant | adj | toward | followsome | |
complicate | vb | ravel, make tougher, toughen | - | |
Compline | n | - | nightsong (<OE nihtsang, akin to "Evensong") | |
composer | n | tonesmith (Percy Grainger) | tonerimer (cf. Du. toondichter) | |
composition | n | make-up, crafted thing | nibcraft | |
complicate | vb | ravel, make tougher, toughen | fortire (cf. Du. vermoeilijken) | |
compound word | n | - | forbinding (cf. NHG Verbindung) | |
comprehensive(ly) | adj/adv | thorough |
begriping(ly) (cf. Fr. begripe, Du. begrijpen, NHG begreifen) embfating/embfatend (emb <OE ymb "around" + fate <OE fæt "vessel"; cf. NHG umfassend, Du. omvattend, Da. omfattende, Nw. omfattende, Swed. omfattande) | |
comprise | n | inhold |
embfate (emb <OE ymb "around" + fate <OE fæt "vessel"; cf. NHG umfassen, Du. omvatten) | |
compromise | n | tradeoff | - | |
compunction | n | qualm, misgiving | - | |
compute | v | reckon | - | |
computer | n | reckoner | upthinker, thoughtcraft | |
computer science | n | - | reckonercraft, reckonerlore | |
concatenation | n | - | gatherbinding | |
conceal | v | hide, shroud, mithe | forkeep, forhoard (cf. Du. and MHG. verbergen) | |
concealment | n | - | hidlock, hidenhood, forkeephood, | |
conceivable | adj | thoughtworthy | - | |
conceive | v | knit, forseed | - | |
concentrate | v | hone-in, think on | bethink (cf. Du. bedenken) | |
concentrated | adj | crammed, squished together | - | |
concentration camp | n | - | cramming-laystead | |
concentric | adj | - | middlesharing | |
concern | n | care, worry, reck | - | |
concerning | prep | about, over, toward | - | |
concept | n | thinking, thought world | - | |
conception (mindish) | n | hent | - | |
conception (of child) | n, gerund | beginning | beseeding | |
conclude | v | end, come to wit, come to understand, find | - | |
concurrently | prep | meanwhile, all-the-while, all along | - | |
condemn | v | - | fordeem, forordeal (cf. Du. veroordelen) | |
condescend | v | belittle, stoop, talk down, lower | - | |
condition | n | onlay, fettle | frontworth (cf. Du voorwaarde) | |
condom | n | warding, rubber, scumbag | - | |
conduct | v | lead, drive | - | |
conductres | n | clippy | - | |
confectionary | n | sweets, sweet-shop | - | |
confederacy | n | - | shireship, rickship, Looseband | |
confederate | n | henchman | - | |
confer | v | bestow, lend, give over | - | |
conference | n | meeting, klatch | - | |
confess | v | beken, acknowledge, own up | andet (<ME andetten), det | |
confession | n | acknowledging, shrift | samelore (calque of Grk. 'homologia'), bekenness (<OE 'gecennes,' NHG 'bekenntnis') | |
configuration | n | setting | - | |
confine | v | lock in, keep, trap, fetter, bind, latch, grasp, abed (by illness), bedrid | - | |
confiscate | v | filch | - | |
conflagration | n | fire | - | |
confluence | n | - | rithmeet | |
conform | v | - | evenliken (<OE efenlician) | |
conformism | n | - | evenlyingsbelead | |
conformity | n | - | evenlying | |
confound | v | befuddle, bewilder, addle | foryote (cf. con+fundo) | |
confront | v | take on, come at, be up against | - | |
confuse | v | befuddle, mistake, ravel, bewilder, muddle, mangle, addle | ablend/yblend, forwrixle (<NHG verwechseln) | |
confusion | n | muddling | ablending | |
congress | n | gathering, moot, lawmaker body | gethercoming | |
conjugate | v | bend | - | |
conjunction | n | linking word | linkword, bindword, yokeword | |
connect | v | link, fit, tie-in, bind | - | |
conquer | v | overcome, overwin | forover (cf. Du. veroveren MHG. erobern) | |
conquest | n | greatwin | - | |
conscience | n | inwit, heart's eye | - | |
conscious | adj | aware | - | |
conscript | v | draft, call-up | - | |
consecrate | v | bless, hallow, bename | - | |
consent | n | leave, allowing | - | |
consequence | n | upshot, aftermath, fall out, blowback (uninteded), in the wake | offleading (<Icl. af-leiðing) | |
consequently | adv | thereby, hence | forfollowing (cf. Du. vervolgens) | |
consider | v |
heed, bethink, think about, reckon, set down, umbethink (dialectal, mainly Northern England, Scotland) |
huy, hedge (<OE hycgan) bear in mind, confide, trust awene (<OE awenan) behowe (<OE behawian) to see clearly, take care rase (<OE ræswan) to think suppose suspect consider conjecture smigh (<OE smēagan) consider think about mediate examine scrutinize yondthink (<OE geondþencan) to reflect upon hiler (< OE aheolorian) weigh, balance | |
consist of | v | be made up of | bestand of (calque of NHG bestehen aus) | |
console | v | frover, soothe, allay sorrow, share grief, give strength and hope | - | |
consonant | n | - |
withloud samedswaying, sameswaying (<Ælfric's OE samodswegend) | |
conspicuous | adj | kenspeckle | - | |
conspire | v | plot | - | |
constant | adj | ongoing, besetting | onwherft, simble (<OE simbel) | |
constipated | adj | bellybound | - | |
constitution | n | makeup | writlaw | |
constrict | vb | - | intighten | |
under construction | vb | in building, abuilding | - | |
consume | vb | fornim | forbrook (cf. Du. verbruiken MHG. verbrauchen) | |
consumerism | n | - | intakerness | |
consummate | adj | thoroughgoing, swive | - | |
consumption | n | intaking | - | |
contact | v | meet with, reach, hit | - | |
contain | v | hold, inhold, have in itself | - | |
contaminate | v | befoul | - | |
contemplate | v | - | yondthink (<OE geondþencan) | |
contemporary | adj | today's | fellow-timed, like-timed | |
contemptuous | adj | sneering | - | |
contend | n | set to | - | |
contend(argue) | v | flite, hold | - | |
content | n | inning (<OE innung), inhold (calque from NHG 'Inhalt') | - | |
content | adj | fulfilled | fained | |
contention | n | wrangling | - | |
contest | n | match | witherwin (<OE wiðerwinn) | |
context | n | light, framework, ins and outs | umbrealm | |
contiguous | adj | abutting | - | |
continent | n | mainland | greatland, landstretch, fastland | |
continue | v | go on, abide, keep on, wend | ongo | |
continuous | adj | unbroken, ongoing | simble (<OE simbel) | |
contort | v | writhe | - | |
contract | n | handfast, deal | writdeal | |
contradict | v | gainsay, withsay | witherspeak (cf. NHG widersprechen), andwitness (cf. Ic. and-vitni) | |
contrary | adv | against | witherward (<OE wiðerweard), withershins | |
contrast | vb | - | witherstand | |
contribute | v | put in, weigh in | - | |
contribution | n | input, giving | - | |
contrition | n | sorrow, guilt, ruth | - | |
control | n | hold, might, clout, sway, wielding | wald | |
control | v | hold, wield, head, lead, have upper hand, have in hand, lord over | - | |
conundrum | n | riddle | - | |
conurbation | n | - | towncluster | |
convergence | n | overlap, gathering | togethering | |
conversation | n | talk, mailing | underholding (<NHG Unterhaltung) | |
converse | v | speak, talk | - | |
conversely | adv phr | on the other hand, otherwise | - | |
convert | v | sway, make over, win over, bring to, turn to, chore (<OE cierran), wend, warp | bewhirve (<OE behwierfan), bechore (<OE becierran, cf. Du. bekeren, NHG bekehren), bewend (<OE bewendan) | |
convey | v | bear, send | inway | |
convict | n | lag | overstell | |
convoy | n | wainstroke | - | |
co-operate | v | work together | - | |
cop | v | nab | - | |
cop | n | hound, pig (slang, slightly vulgar) | frith wike (peace officer) | |
cope | v | deal | - | |
copious | adj | beteeming | - | |
copse | n | thicket, shaw | - | |
copy | v | bring forth again | eftyield | |
copy (imitate) | v | ape | evenledge (<OE efenlæcan) | |
copy (transcribe) | v | write again | bywrite (<OE biwritan) | |
copy & paste | v | - | twin & tack | |
coral | n | - | reefweed | |
cord | n | string, wire, rope, rib, ridge, ribbed cloth | tew, rib-cloth | |
cord | v | fasten, stack lengthwise | - | |
cordial | adj | friendly, hearty, warm | - | |
cords | n | trousers, ribbed trousers | - | |
corduroy | n | ribbed cloth | rib-cloth | |
corduroy | adj | ribbed, of lengthwise logs | - | |
core | n | heart, yolk, innermost being | - | |
cormorant | n | sea raven | coal-goose | |
cornea | n | - | hornweb | |
corner | n | nook, winkle, hirn | - | |
coronation | n | - | kinghelming (<OE cynehelmian) | |
corpor(e)al | adj | bodily | bodisome | |
corporation | n | - | businessbody (BB) | |
corpse | n | lich | - | |
corpus | n | body | - | |
correct | adv/adj | right, aright, befitting | - | |
correct | vb | right, righten, (acad) mark | - | |
correction fluid | n | white out | - | |
corridor | n | hallway | - | |
corroborate | vb | bear out | - | |
corrode | vb | - |
forrot (<OE forrotian), begnaw (<OE begnagan) | |
corrugated | adj | - | wrizzled | |
corrupt | v | crooked, bent, rot | forrot | |
corslet | n | byrnie | - | |
cost | n | outlay, worth | - | |
costly | adj | dear | - | |
Costa Rica | n | - | Rich Shore | |
costume | n | outfit, get-up, fake dress | - | |
Cote d'Ivoire | n | - | Elfbone Shore | |
cottage | n | cote | sheel | |
cotton | n | - | treewool, wortwool, bushwool | |
council | n | gathering, moot, folkmoot | redemoot, redebody | |
counsel | v | rede | - | |
counsel(l)or | n | alder(wo)man | rede(wo)man, redegiver | |
count | v | reckon, tally | arime | |
count | n | earl | - | |
countenance | n | leer, foreside | - | |
counterbalance | n | offset | - | |
counter-clockwise | adj | withershins | withersunwise | |
counterculture | n | - | witherkithship | |
counterpart | n | match | - | |
counterstroke | n | - | withherclap | |
country | n | land, weald, upland (rural, as in countryside), kith, fatherland, homeland, motherland, erd | folkland | |
county | n | shire, ethel, earldom, wapentake, erd | reveship | |
county council | n | - | shiremoot | |
coup | v | strike | - | |
coup de grace | n | masterstroke | lithing, miltstroke | |
coupling, train/carriage | n | thill | - | |
coupon | n | - | deemslip, gainbuyslip | |
courage | n | mettle, boldness, fearlessness, heart, heartiness, daring | - | |
courageous | adj | bold, daring, doughty, fearless, unfrightened, heartful | full-hearted | |
course | n | runway, run, flow, faring, setting, outcome | yondscrithing (<OE geondscríðung), fareway | |
course (academic) | n | - | loregang/loregoing (c.f. Du. leergang, NHG Lehrgang), learnset | |
court | n | hove | deemhall, lawhouse, lawdom, kinghall | |
courteous | adj | fairspoken | - | |
courtyard | n | - | hallyard | |
cousin | n | kins(wo)man | nearkin, farsibb | |
covenant | n | oath, deal, bond, binding | - | |
cover | n | holster, sheath | - | |
cover | v | overlay, hide, deck, overspread | hill (<OE hyllan, ME hillen; c.f. OHG hullan) | |
covered area | n | deck, roofed deck | hilling (<ME hillet), underspread | |
covering | n | skin, feathers, hackles | hilling | |
cover with | v | lay on | - | |
covert | adj | hidden, shrouded, stealthy, under wraps, | hillen | |
cover-up | n | whitewash, hush-work | shroudening | |
covet | v | crave, want, hunger after, thirst after, cast greedy eyes upon | - | |
covetous | adj | greedy, graspy, grabby, hoggish, wanting | - | |
coward | n | wimp | arg, flytail, fey (cf. Swe ; OE fæge) | |
cowardly | adj | overfrightened, spineless, thewless | - | |
co-worker | n | by-worker, fellow worker | - | |
cranium | n | skull | - | |
cravat | n | necktie | - | |
crayon | n | - | waxchalk | |
cream | n | salve, ream, milk's head | - | |
crease | n & vb | wrinkle, rumple, rimple, runkle | - | |
create | v | build, craft, make, start, shape | ashape | |
creation | n | making, building, crafting | shaping, frumschaft | |
creature | n | wight | - | |
credence | n | - | belief, trustworthiness | |
credibility | n | - | beliefworthiness | |
credible | adj | - | beliefworthy | |
credit | n | acknowledgement | - | |
creed | n | belief | - | |
cremate | v | bale | - | |
creme de la crem | n | bee's knees, dog's bollocks, best of the best | - | |
crepuscular | adj | twilighty | twilightly | |
crepuscule | n | twilight, darkfall, dusk, nightfall, gloaming, evenfall, eventide, sundown | duskingtide, downset | |
crest | n | ridge, links | ris, comb | |
cretaceous | adj | - | limestonish, limestony | |
cretin | n | mouth-breather | - | |
crevasse | n | icecrack, icegap | - | |
crevice | n | stonecrack, stonegap | - | |
crime | n | - | gelt (>OE gylt), misdeed, wrongdoing, folly | |
criminal | n | outlaw | gelter, lawbreaker, wearh, wrongdoer, scofflaw, | |
crimson | n | blood-red | deepred, bloodred | |
criterion | n | yardstick; hallmark | deemrimmer | |
critical | adj | weighty, key, scathing | - | |
criticise | vb | chide, undersay, carp, scathe, blast, knock[slang], rap[slang], scold, slam[slang], upbraid, niggle | - | |
criticism | n | - | undersaying, potshot, flak | |
crocodile | n | - | pebblewyrm/pebbleworm (calque), nix (cf. OHG nihhus), knucker, crushbite athex | |
croissant | n | - | moonbread | |
cross | n | - | rood | |
cross | vb | overstride | overshrithe (cf. NHG überschreiten) | |
crown | n | - | kinghelm (<OE cynehelm), (king)wreath | |
crown | v | - | kinghelm (<OE cynehelm) | |
crucifix | n | rood | - | |
crucify | vb | hang upon a rood | roodfasten | |
crude | adj | rough, raw | - | |
cruel | adj | harsh, mean, ruthless | reethe (<OE réðe) | |
cruelty | n | meaness | - | |
crusade | n | - | roodfare | |
cry | n | roop, yell, shout, whine, wail, moan | lid (<OE ge-hlȳd; cf. NHG Lied, Du. lied) | |
cry | v | weep, shout, wail, yell, howl, sob, roup, cleep, wail | - | |
crystal | n | - | hardice | |
cub | n | - | whelp | |
cuckoo | n | - | gowk, cuckoo | |
cucumber | n | - |
fleshpod, earthapple (cf. OE eorþæppel) | |
cull | v | choose, pick, pick out, pitch on, pitch upon. sift, winnow, gather, pluck, pickup | - | |
cull | n | pickings, siftings | - | |
cul de sac | n | dead end | - | |
culminate | vb phr | - | come together, reach its highest, come to a head | |
cultivate | vb |
till, harvest, farm |
- | |
culture | n | - | kithship, way of life | |
culvert | n | ditch | - | |
cure | vb | heal | - | |
curiosity | n | - | frimdiness | |
curious | vb | - | frimdy (<OE frymdig) | |
curlew | n | whaup | - | |
current | adj | today's, now's, nowadays', running | - | |
current | n | undertow, tow, watertow | - | |
currently | adv | as of yet, now | - | |
curriculum | n | - | learnplot | |
curriculum vitae | n | walk of life | smithsyore | |
cursive | adj | handwritten | flow-staved | |
cursor | n | runner | - | |
curtail | vb | foreshorten | - | |
curtain | n | - | forehanger, hangcloth | |
curve | n | bow, bend | - | |
custody | n | - | warding | |
custom | adj | - | thew, bespoke, folkway | |
custom | n | wont, business, trade | sid | |
cutaneous | adj | skin, hide | hideish, hidely | |
cutaneous disease | n | tetter, scurf, scurvy | - | |
cute | adj | pretty, sweet, lief | goldy (cf. NHG goldig), neathly (cf. NHG niedlich) | |
cutlass | n | backsword | - | |
cutlery | n | flatware, silverware | - | |
cyclist | n | wheeler | - | |
cyclone | n | windstorm | - | |
cygnet | n | - | swanling | |
cynosure | n | - | hoardvat (<OE hordfæt) |