Staff C of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WLG = West Low Theech
- ELG = East Low Theech
- NL = Netherlandish
- NHG = New High Theech
- IC = Icelandish
- HIC = High Icelandish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Theech
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Theech
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Theech
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
| Modern English Words | Word Class |
Anglish Proposals | ||
| Attested in Modern English | Unattested in Modern English | |||
| caballine | adj | horselike, horsely | - | |
| cabaret | n | nightclub | - | |
| cabbage | n | cole, kale | - | |
| cabinet (rikecraft) | n | - | redebody, redeship | |
| cabinet (household) | n | cupboard, wallboard | mugboard | |
| cable | n | wire, rope | ropewire | |
| caboose | n | - | trainback, shipkitchen | |
| cache | n | - | putstow, bike | |
| cacophony | n | - | baleloud | |
| cadaver | n | dead body | - | |
| cadaverous | adj | deathly, ghastly, ghostly, grim, ashen, bloodless, bled-white | - | |
| cadet | n | - | forefighter | |
| cadmium | n | - | Wodan | |
| caecum | n | - | blindtharm, blindgut | |
| Caesar | n | Almighty | - | |
| caesium | n | - | skyield | |
| café | n | coffee shop, coffee house, lunch house | - | |
| cafeteria | n | lunchroom, supper hall, lunch house | - | |
| cajole | v | beg, wheedle, sweet-talk | - | |
| calamari | n | cuttlefish | - | |
| calcaneus | n | heelbone | - | |
| calcium | n | - | limeore | |
| calculate | v | reckon, work out, tally up | - | |
| calculator | n | reckoner, hand reckoner | - | |
| calculus | n | - | flowreckoning | |
| calendar | n | daybook | timetale | |
| calisthenics | n | drills | - | |
| calligraphy | n | handwriting, craft of handwriting | (hand)writingcraft | |
| callous | adj | toughened, tough, stiff, soulless, hard, hardened, cold-hearted, unkind, careless, cold, heartless, unbending, stubborn, unfriendly, unfeeling, cold-shouldered, hardhearted, stony, deadhearted, stonehearted, iron-witted | - | |
| calm | adj | cool | ||
| calm | v | soothe, lithe, simmer down, lull | - | |
| calumniate | v | betell | forwray (<OE forwregan) | |
| calque | n | overyielding | edyielding | |
| calyx | n | - | bloomleaf | |
| camera | n | - | lightfastener | |
| camouflage | n | blending, blend-in, derning, derncloth, dernclothing, dernstuff | - | |
| camomile | n | - | liethleaf | |
| campaign (military) | n | - | axfare (<OE æxfaru), mightwork | |
| campaign (rikecraft) | n | husting | - | |
| campaign | v | take to the stump, barnstorm | - | |
| campus | n | - | lorefield, lorerealm, byttle (OE: ge-bytlu) | |
| canal | n | waterway | - | |
| cancerous | adj | - | cankersome | |
| candelabrum | n | - | candeltree (<OE candeltreow) | |
| candle | n | glim | - | |
| canine | adj | houndlike, doglike | - | |
| cannon | n | - | dunspar (contraction of dun and spear), thundergun | |
| canvas | n | - | hemprag | |
| canyon | n | - | cliffgap, cliffgulch, berggap, berggulch | |
| capacity | n | - | holdth, heldth | |
| cape (clothing) | n | - | backcloth, backcoat, sleeveless coat | |
| cape (geography) | n | head, headland | - | |
| capital (city) | n | - | head town, landtown, fromburg, kingstead, headchester | |
| capital | adj | head | - | |
| capitalism | n | - | headdom, headpennydom | |
| capricious | adj | fitful, choppy, flighty, fickle, | thought-hopping | |
| capsize | v | keel | wemmel | |
| captain | n | headman, leader, shipper (<M Du scipper and MnE skipper) | - | |
| captivate | v | enthrall, bind, fall for | - | |
| captive | n | - | heftling | |
| capture | v | take, kidnap, steal, swipe, nab | - | |
| car | n | wain, roadster, horseless, roadwain | - | |
| caravan | n | - | kinwagon, wastelandhorse-train | |
| carbon | n | chark, soot | coalstuff, lifestuff | |
| carbon dioxide | n | - | twiathemloft chark, onecoal-twosour-stuff, fizzloft | |
| carburator | n | - | forelofter | |
| cardiac arrest | n | - | heart standstill, heartstop | |
| cardinal (Church) | n | - | godsearl (< High Iclandish guðsjarl), Whule (< Sw. Hwul) | |
| cardinal (bird) | n | redbird | - | |
| career | n | line of work, walk of life, job path | - | |
| caress | v | fondle, stroke | - | |
| cargo | n | freight, weight | - | |
| carnal | adj | fleshly | - | |
| carnal attraction | n | - | fleshbesmittenness (<OE flæscbesmitennes), fleshcostening (<OE flæsccostnung) | |
| carnivore | n | meateater, flesheater | - | |
| carouse | v | birle | - | |
| carousel | n | merry-go-round | - | |
| carpenter | n | - | woodsmith, woodcraftsman | |
| carpentry | n | woodwork, woodcraft | - | |
| carpet | n | - | stepcloth | |
| carriage | n | bearing | - | |
| carrot | n | - | sightroot, gulroot, hornroot | |
| carry | v | bear, weigh, ferry | - | |
| cartoon | n | - | livedrawing | |
| cartouche | n | - | stretched girder, stretched foreverness-rope, brass-load, load | |
| cartridge | n | holder, pickup, tape, brass-load, load | - | |
| in case | conj | lest, for fear that, if ... should | - | |
| cashewnut | n | - | kidney nut | |
| casing | n | shell, brass | - | |
| casino | n | - | bet hall, bet house | |
| castle | n | burg, stronghold | stronghouse | |
| casual | adj | breezy, blithe, light-hearted | - | |
| catch | v | snare, snarl, snag, latch, fang, nab | - | |
| catechism | n | - | thoughteaching, lorebook, godlorebook, godlore handbook, forsoughbook (calque of Gk. 'katachesis' + book) | |
| categorize | v | - | underbring (Calque of Du. onderbrengen) | |
| caterpillar | n | - | kaleworm (<OE cawelwyrm), leafworm (<OE leafwyrm), mealshape (<OE mælsceafa), Devil's cat, hairy cat, butterfly worm | |
| cathedral | n | - | headchurch | |
| catheter | n | - | (body)pipe | |
| cathode | n | - | downway | |
| catholic | adj | popeling (derogatory) | broad, all, oneworthen, wholeabout, (ye-)meanly | |
| catkin | n | - | bloomtail | |
| cattle | n | cows, livestock, kine, nowt, fee | - | |
| caucasian (race) | n | white | - | |
| cauldron | n | (big) kettle | - | |
| cauliflower | n | - | bloomcole | |
| cause | n | bring-about, let-on, wherefrom | onlet | |
| cause | v | make, begin, start, | werthe | |
| caustic | adj | burning | - | |
| cautery | n | (tissue) burning | - | |
| caution | n | wariness, care, reck | - | |
| cavalry | n | horsemen, riders | - | |
| cave | n | hollow, hole, cove, hof | - | |
| cavil | v | carp | - | |
| cavity | n | hole, hollow, wame | - | |
| cease | v | stop, lay off, halt, give up, leave off, yield, blin | aswike | |
| ceasefire | n | - | weapon-still, halt-fire | |
| celebrate | v | - | bemark, frels | |
| celery | n | - | fenroot, fenwort | |
| celestial bow | n | rainbow, heaven's bow, thunderbow, showerbow, lightning-bow, watergall (imperfectly-formed) | ||
| celestial sphere | n | welkin | - | |
| cell | n | hole, room, | frume (Cf. Icelandic fruma), lifebrick | |
| cell division | n | - | frumecleaving | |
| cellulose | n | - | treestrand | |
| cement | n | - | brickstick | |
| cemetery | n | graveyard, boneyard | church-litten | |
| censorship | n | - | word-hunting, speechslighting, hidedeeming | |
| ensure | v | upbraid | ||
| census | n | - | tomarkedness <OE tomearcodnes), folkstelling (Cf. NHG Volkszählung), folkscoring | |
| cent | n | penny, hundredth | - | |
| centaur | n | - | manhorse | |
| centipede | n | - | hundredfooter | |
| central | adj | middlemost, midmost, main | midwise, midly | |
| centre | n | middle, innermost, mid, midmost, nave, heart, yolk | crossmiddle, midth | |
| century | n | one hundred years | hundredyear, hundyear | |
| certain | adj | some, known | sicker | |
| certainly | adv | for sure, forsooth, soothly, in sooth | - | |
| certificate | n | - | sickermark, sickerwrit | |
| cerulean | adj | sky-blue, heavenly-blue, blue, woadish | - | |
| cerumen | n | earwax | - | |
| chain | n | shackle, fetter | - | |
| chair | n | seat, stool, settle | - | |
| chalice | n | goblet (of Celtic origin) | - | |
| chalk | n | limestone | - | |
| challenge | n | ordeal, dare, becall | - | |
| chamber | n | room, bedroom, breach (of a gun) | - | |
| chameleon | n | - | blending athex | |
| chance | n | happen-stance, luck, opening | - | |
| change | v | shift, makeover, char, switch | wrixle/wristle (<OE wrixlian) | |
| channel | n | fairway, race, ford, sound (hydrography) | - | |
| charming | adj | friendly, lovely, winsome, comely | - | |
| chaos | n | craziness, mayhem | dwolm (<OE dwolma), topsy-turvydom, unfrith | |
| character | n | being | selfsuchness | |
| character (art) | n | - | playlede, playbeing | |
| charge | v | load, fill | - | |
| charged | adj | heated, fraught, burdened, plighted, weighted | - | |
| charity | n | love, alms, selflessness | givefulness | |
| charlatan | n | quack | - | |
| charter | n | bestowing deed | - | |
| chase | v | follow after, hound, hunt | - | |
| chastise | v | chide, scold, bring to book, have words with | - | |
| cheat | v | bilk, hack, swindle, rig | - | |
| checker (game bit) | n | Draughtsman, draftsman | - | |
| checkers (game) | n | Draughts | - | |
| cheer | n | beaming, gladness, happiness, glee, merriness, mirth, blitheness | - | |
| cheer | v | gladden, root, hearten, perk up | blithen, bemirth | |
| chef d'oeuvre | n | masterwork | - | |
| cherish | vb | be fond of, care for, hold dear | ||
| chief | n | head, leader, headman | forst (<OE forwost) | |
| chili | n | hotpepper | - | |
| chime | v | ring, toll | - | |
| China | n | Middle Kingdom | Midrike, Mithrike (Cf. High Ic. Miðríki) | |
| chlorophyll | n | leafgreen | - | |
| chocolate | v | - | sweetslime, sweetblock | |
| choice | n | choosing, picking, wale | - | |
| cholesterol | n | - | gallvat | |
| Christian | adj | Christly, Christlike (<NHG Christlich) | Christhrothen, Christish | |
| Christianity | n | Christendom | Christthrotheneness | |
| Christmas | n | Yule | - | |
| chromosome | n | - | lifebody, lifepith | |
| chromatid | n | - | halflifebody, halflifepith | |
| chronicle | n | ledger, tale | - | |
| chronology | n | timeline, flow of time | timeflow | |
| chrysanthemum | n | - | goldbloom | |
| cider | n | applewine | - | |
| cigarette | n | smoke, fag, butt, stompie, canker stick (coll.) | - | |
| cinder | n | slag, sinder | - | |
| cinema | n | - | filmhouse | |
| cinquefoil | n | - | fiffinger | |
| circa | prep | about, around | - | |
| circle | n | ring, trindle, trundle | - | |
| circuit | n | ember (read: Ember days) | begang (<OE begong) | |
| circulate | v | broadcast, spread abroad, spread around | - | |
| circumcise | v | cut, cut about | umcut, umsnithe [past -snit, ppt -snitten](<OE ymbsniðan), besnithe [past -snit, ppt -snitten] (Calque of NHG beschneiden) | |
| circumference | n | rim, girth | rimlength(71 Google hits), rimreach(W.B.), rimspan, girthlength, girthspan, circlegirth, umgoing, umgang | |
| circumflex | n | - | stavehat | |
| circumspect | adj | careful, watchful | - | |
| circumstance | n | happening | boutstanding, embstanding, happenstanding | |
| circumvent | v | work around ("around" is of Latin origin) | work emb(e), overreach | |
| circus | n | big top | - | |
| cirrocumulus | n | - | curlcloud | |
| citizen | n | burger, burrower, burgher, towns(wo)man | chester(wo)man | |
| citroen | n | sourapple | - | |
| city | n | burgh, burrow, burg, chester (<OE ceaster) | (great) town, stad | |
| civet cat | n | - | slipcat | |
| civil law | n | - | folk(s)law | |
| civilian | n | - | rikemate, rike(wo)man | |
| civilization | n | - | couthdom, couthness, kempt living, tame living, folkhood, settledhood, folkdom | |
| civilize | v | tame, settle | couthen | |
| clairvoyant | n | - | clearseer, clearwistend | |
| claim | v | ask for, seek, call for, hold, get hold of, want | - | |
| clamor | n | din | greeding | |
| clan | n | kindred, kinsfolk, fellowship (gaming) | - | |
| clarify | v | clear up, make clear(er) | clearen | |
| class | n | layer, kind, standing, rung | - | |
| classification | n | tag, brand | bekinding, sighting (<NHG. sichten) | |
| classify | v | tag, brand | bekind, berung | |
| classical | adj | timeless | oldendomly, first stead, old lorehouse, old wayish, wontish | |
| claustrophobia | n | - | tightfear, closefear | |
| clear | adj | sharp | sweetle (<OE sweotol) | |
| clearing | n | glade | gall | |
| clergy | n | - | churchhood | |
| clergyman | n | churchman, man of the cloth | - | |
| clerk | n | sales(wo)man | - | |
| cliché | n | old saying | unthought-up saying, oftquote | |
| clichéd | adj | hackneyed, everyday | - | |
| climate | n | - | loftlay (<Icelandish loftslag) | |
| clinic | n | sickbay | - | |
| clock | n | - | daymale, stounder | |
| clockwise | adj | sunwise | - | |
| clone | n | - | likebody, samebody | |
| clone | vb | - | eftyield the body | |
| close | v | shut, narrow | - | |
| close | adj | near, narrow, nearby | - | |
| co- | pref | fellow, by-, i- | - | |
| coalition | n | - | fellowblock | |
| coast | n | shore, shoreline, strand | searim, warth | |
| coat of arms | n | - | kinshield | |
| cockroach | n | black-beetle | dirtbug | |
| coeval | nn & adj | - | even-old | |
| coffee | n | - | roastbean, turkmadder, turk's madder, walmadder (analog of walnut, from PGMC for 'foreign nut'), africanish leafwos (african tea, noted in the Middle Eld) | |
| coffer | n | - | hoardvat (<OE hordfæt) | |
| cognate | n | - | kinword | |
| cognizant | adj | aware, alert | - | |
| cohabit | v | live together, dwell together | by-live, by-dwell | |
| coil | n | - | whirlwire | |
| coin | n | - | geldtoken, minttoken | |
| coincidence | n | - | likehappening | |
| coitus | n | - | swiving, heamedlock (<OE hæmedlac), bysleep (<NHG Beischlaf) | |
| cojones | n | balls, guts | - | |
| colic | n | - | bellyharm | |
| collapse | n | downfall, infall, swooning | - | |
| colleague | v | workmate, fellow worker | - | |
| collect | v | gather | samen (<OE samnian) | |
| colonize | v | settle, take over, spread through(out) | - | |
| colony | n | settling | rikeling | |
| color | n | hue, cast, light wavelength | huecast | |
| color | v | hue, dye, shade | - | |
| column | n | upright, sile | - | |
| combat | v | fight, struggle | - | |
| combine | v | bind | gatherbind, withbind, togiether | |
| comedian | n | - | funspeller, lustspeller, laughtersmith | |
| comedy | n | - | funplay, lustplay (<NHG Lustspiel) | |
| comet | n | shooting star | tailstar, blazing star | |
| comfort | n | cheer, liss | forver (<OE frofor), weem (<OE weman), soothefulness | |
| comfortable | adj | restful, opening, cheery | weemly, froverly | |
| comestible | n | food, a food thing | eatsome | |
| comic | n | funny | - | |
| comics | n | - | talestrips, livestrips | |
| command | n | behest, bidding | - | |
| command | n | headship | - | |
| command | v | bid, lead, behest | - | |
| commandment | n | - | behesting, bodeword | |
| commence | v | begin, start | - | |
| comment | n | underquote | umspeech, undertalk | |
| commentary | n | input, feedback | - | |
| commerce | n | business | - | |
| commercial | adj | businesswise | - | |
| commit | v | do, betake, belay | - | |
| common (shared) | adj | shared, mean (OE gemæne, noot that it has shifted to mean cheap. mean (middle) is from French from Latin mediānus) | meanshiply (meanship < gemænscipe=community) | |
| common (usual, familiar) | adj | wonesome (OE wune = custom (n.), accustomed (adj.)), rife, widespread, everyday, oft | ||
| common (vulgar) | adj | churlish (a churl is a pesant) | ||
| common law | n & adj | - | folklaw | |
| Commonwealth | n | - | Sharedwealth, Folkwealth, Kinwealth | |
| commotion | n | - | stirness (<OE styrenes) | |
| communicate | v | spell, speak, tell, be understood, give, share, teach, put forward, set forth, hint, make known, bring word, put forth, speak out, bespeak | - | |
| communion | n | fellowship | - | |
| Communism | n | - | Sharedom, Sharemind, Sharingdom, Sharingmind, Samenbeleadom (<OE same "together", cf. Du. samen + belead "policy" cf. Du. beleid), Yemendom (<NHD gemein "common" + -dom), Samendom | |
| community | n | - | borough-weren, yemeanship/meanship (<OE gemænscip; NHG Gemeinschaft) | |
| compact | adj | - | withfasted, withfied | |
| Compact Disc | n | red book | dishlet, withfasted ring (WFR) | |
| CD-ROM | n | yellow book | WFR-read only bemindings | |
| companion | n | mate, helpmate, friend | - | |
| company | n | business | - | |
| comparative anatomy | n | - | overlikening bodylore | |
| compare | v | game off against | aliken(OE anlician), gainsame liken, overliken, gainmete, gainfare, withfare | |
| compassion | n | ruth, milts, rue | - | |
| compatible | adj | well-matched, works with | - | |
| compatriot | n | kinsman | fellow-land(wo)man | |
| compel | v | gar | - | |
| compensation | n | meed | - | |
| competent | adj | up-to-it, up to the task, worthy | - | |
| complain | v | whine, bitch, moan, gripe, whinge, carp, bellyache | - | |
| complete | adj | altogether, fulfilled, fullmade, ended,thoroughgoing | fullstanding | |
| complete | v | fulfill, end | full-do, full-end | |
| completely | adv | outright, fully, utterly, thoroughly, through and through, inside-out, to the hilt, altogether | - | |
| complexion | n | hue, look, blee, ilk, kind, suchness, way, outlook | skin-look, skin-hue | |
| compliant | adj | toward | followsome | |
| complicate | v | ravel, make tougher, toughen | - | |
| Compline | n | - | nightsong (<OE nihtsang, akin to "Evensong") | |
| composition | n | make-up, crafted thing | nibcraft | |
| comprehend | v | understand, fathom, wit, grasp, see through | - | |
| comprehensive | adj | thorough | embfating/embfatend (emb <OE ymb "around" + fate <OE fæt "vessel"; cf. NHG umfassend, Du. omvattend, Dan. omfattende, Norw. omfattende, Swed. omfattande) | |
| comprise | n | - | embfate (emb <OE ymb "around" + fate <OE fæt "vessel"; cf. NHG umfassen, Du. omvatten) | |
| compromise | n | tradeoff | - | |
| compunction | n | qualm, misgiving | - | |
| compute | v | reckon | - | |
| computer | n | reckoner, manchester | upthinker, thoughtcraft | |
| computer science | n | - | reckonercraft, reckonerlore | |
| conceal | v | hide, shroud, mithe | - | |
| concealment | n | - | hidlock, hidenhood | |
| conceivable | adj | thoughtworthy | - | |
| conceive | v | knit, forseed | - | |
| concentrate | v | hone-in, think on | - | |
| concentrated | adj | crammed, squished together | - | |
| concentration camp | n | - | cramming-laystead | |
| concentric | adj | - | middlesharing | |
| concern | n | care, worry, reck | - | |
| concerning | prep | about, over, toward | - | |
| concept | n | thinking, thought world | - | |
| conception (mindish) | n | hent | - | |
| conception (of child) | n, gerund | beginning | beseeding | |
| conclude | v | end, come to wit, come to understand, find | - | |
| concurrently | prep | meanwhile, all-the-while, all along | - | |
| condemn | v | - | fordeem | |
| condescend | v | belittle, stoop, talk down, lower | - | |
| condition | n | onlay, fettle | - | |
| condom | n | guarding, rubber, scumbag | - | |
| conduct | v | lead, undertake, hold (oneself) in a manner | - | |
| conductres | n | clippy | - | |
| confectionary | n | sweets, sweet-shop | - | |
| confederacy | n | - | shireship, rickship, Looseband | |
| confederate | n | henchman | - | |
| confer | v | bestow, lend, give over | - | |
| conference | n | meeting, klatch | - | |
| confess | v | beken (<OE gecennan; NHG bekennen), acknowledge, own up, shrive | andet (<ME andetten), det | |
| confession | n | acknowledging, shrift | samelore (calque of Grk. 'homologia'), bekenness (<OE 'gecennes,' NHG 'bekenntnis') | |
| configuration | n | setting | - | |
| confine | v | lock in, keep, trap, fetter, bind, latch, grasp, abed (by illness), bedrid | - | |
| confiscate | v | filch | - | |
| conflagration | n | fire | - | |
| confluence | n | - | watersmeet | |
| conform | v | - | evenliken (<OE efenlician) | |
| conformism | n | - | evenlyingsbelead | |
| conformity | n | - | evenlying | |
| confound | v | befuddle, bewilder, addle | foryote (c.f. con+fundo) | |
| confront | v | take on, come at, be up against | - | |
| confuse | v | befuddle, mistake, ravel, bewilder, muddle, mangle, addle | ablend/yblend, forwrixle (<NHG verwechseln) | |
| confusion | n | muddling | ablending | |
| congress | n | gathering, moot, lawmaker body | gethercoming | |
| conjugate | v | bend | - | |
| conjunction | n | linking word | linkword, bindword, yokeword | |
| connect | v | link, fit, tie-in, bind | - | |
| conquer | v | overcome, overwin | - | |
| conquest | n | greatwin | - | |
| conscience | n | inwit, heart's eye | - | |
| conscious | adj | aware | - | |
| conscript | v | draft, call-up | - | |
| consecrate | v | bless, hallow, bename | - | |
| consent | n | leave, allowing | - | |
| consequence | n | upshot, aftermath, fall out, blowback (uninteded), in the wake | -offleading (<Ic. af-leiðing) | |
| consequently | adv | thereby, hence | - | |
| consider | v | heed, bethink, think about, umbethink, reckon, set down | yondthink (<OE geondþencan) | |
| consist of | v | be made up of | bestand of (Calque of NHG bestehen aus) | |
| console | v | soothe, allay sorrow, share grief, give strength and hope | - | |
| consonant | n | - |
withloud samedswaying, sameswaying (<Ælfric's OE samodswegend) | |
| conspicuous | adj | kenspeckle | - | |
| conspire | v | plot | - | |
| constant | adj | ongoing, besetting | onwherft, simble (<OE simbel) | |
| constipated | adj | bellybound | - | |
| constitution | n | makeup | writlaw | |
| constrict | vb | - | intighten | |
| (under) construction | vb | in building, abuilding | - | |
| consume | vb | fornim | - | |
| consumerism | n | - | intakerness | |
| consummate | adj | thoroughgoing, swive | - | |
| consumption | n | intaking | - | |
| contact | v | meet with, reach, hit | - | |
| contain | v | hold, inhold, have in itself | - | |
| contaminate | v | befoul | - | |
| contemplate | v | - | yondthink(OE geondþencan) | |
| contemporary | adj | today's | fellow-timed, like-timed | |
| contemptuous | adj | sneering | - | |
| contend | n | set to | - | |
| contend(argue) | v | flite, hold | - | |
| content | n | inning (<OE innung), inhold (calque from NHG 'Inhalt') | - | |
| content | adj | happy, fulfilled, canty, glad | - | |
| contention | n | wrangling | - | |
| contest | n | match | witherwin (<OE wiðerwinn) | |
| context | n | light, framework, ins and outs | umbrealm | |
| contiguous | adj | abutting | - | |
| continent | n | mainland | greatland, landstretch, fastland | |
| continue | v | go on, abide, keep on, wend | ongo | |
| continuous | adj | unbroken, ongoing | simble (<OE simbel) | |
| contort | v | writhe | - | |
| contract | n | handfast, deal | writdeal | |
| contradict | v | gainsay, withsay | witherspeak (Cf. NHG widersprechen), andwitness (c.f. Ic. and-vitni) | |
| contrary | adv | against, witherward (<OE wiðerweard), withershins | - | |
| contrast | vb | - | witherstand | |
| contribute | v | put in, weigh in | - | |
| contribution | n | input, giving | - | |
| contrition | n | sorrow, guilt, ruth | - | |
| control | n | hold, might, clout, sway, wielding | wald | |
| control | v | hold, wield, head, lead, have upper hand, have in hand, lord over | - | |
| conundrum | n | riddle | - | |
| conurbation | n | - | towncluster | |
| convergence | n | overlap, gathering | togethering | |
| conversation | n | talk, mailing, underholding (<NHG Unterhaltung) | - | |
| converse | v | speak, talk | - | |
| conversely | adv phr | on the other hand, otherwise | - | |
| convert | v | sway, make over, win over, bring to, turn to, chore (<OE cierran), wend, warp | bewhirve (<OE behwierfan), bechore (<OE becierran, cf. Du. bekeren, NHG bekehren), bewend (<OE bewendan) | |
| convey | v | bear, send | inway | |
| convict | n | lag | overstell | |
| convoy | n | wainstroke | - | |
| co-operate | v | work together | - | |
| cop | v | nab | - | |
| cop | n | hound, pig (slang, slightly vulgar) | frith ambighter (peace officer) | |
| cope | v | deal | - | |
| copious | adj | beteeming | - | |
| copse | n | thicket, shaw | - | |
| copy | v | bring forth again | eftyield | |
| copy (imitate) | v | ape | evenledge (<OE efenlæcan) | |
| copy (transcribe) | v | write again | bywrite (<OE biwritan) | |
| copy & paste | v | bywrite & belime | ||
| coral | n | - | reefweed | |
| cord | n | string, wire, rope, rib, ridge, ribbed cloth | tew, rib-cloth | |
| cord | v | fasten, stack lengthwise | - | |
| cordial | adj | friendly, hearty, warm | - | |
| cords | n | trousers, ribbed trousers | - | |
| corduroy | n | ribbed cloth | rib-cloth | |
| corduroy | adj | ribbed, of lengthwise logs | - | |
| core | n | heart, yolk, innermost being | - | |
| cormorant | n | sea raven | coal-goose | |
| cornea | n | - | hornweb | |
| corner | n | nook, winkle, hirn | - | |
| coronation | n | - | kinghelming (<OE cynehelmian) | |
| corpor(e)al | adj | bodily | bodisome | |
| corporation | n | - | businessbody (BB) | |
| corpse | n | dead body | ||
| corpus | n | body | - | |
| correct | adv, adj | right, aright | - | |
| correct | v | right, righten, (acad) mark, put one right | - | |
| correction fluid | n | white out | - | |
| corridor | n | hallway | - | |
| corroborate | v | bear out | - | |
| corrode | v | begnaw [begnow, begnawn] (<OE begnagan) | forrot(<OE forrotian) | |
| corrugated | adj | - | wrizzled | |
| corrupt | v | crooked, bent, rot, forrot | adrille (<ME adrille) | |
| corslet | n | byrnie | - | |
| cost | n | outlay, worth | - | |
| costly | adj | dear | - | |
| Costa Rica | n | - | Rich Shore, Rich Shorelander | |
| costume | n | outfit, get-up, fake dress | - | |
| Cote d'Ivoire | n | - | Elfbone Shore, Elfbone Shoreland | |
| cottage | n | cote | sheel | |
| cotton | n | - | treewool, wortwool, bushwool | |
| council | n | gathering, moot, folkmoot | redemoot, redebody | |
| counsel | v | rede | - | |
| counsel(l)or | n | alder(wo)man | rede(wo)man, redegiver | |
| count | v | reckon, tally | arime | |
| count | n | earl | - | |
| countenance | n | leer, foreside | - | |
| counterbalance | n | offset | - | |
| counter-clockwise | adj | withershins | withersunwise | |
| counterculture | n | - | againstkithship | |
| counterpart | n | match | - | |
| counterstroke | n | - | gainclap | |
| country | n | land, weald, upland (rural, as in countryside), kith, fatherland, homeland, motherland, erd | folkland | |
| county | n | shire, earldom, wapentake, erd | reeveship | |
| county council | n | - | shiremoot | |
| coup | v | strike | - | |
| coup de grace | n | masterstroke | miltstroke | |
| coupling, train/carriage | n | thill | - | |
| coupon | n | - | deemslip, gainbuyslip | |
| courage | n | mettle, boldness, fearlessness, heart, heartiness, daring | - | |
| courageous | adj | bold, daring, doughty, fearless, unfrightened, heartful | full-hearted | |
| course | n | runway, run, flow, faring, setting, outcome | yondscrithing (<OE geondscríðung), fareway | |
| course (academic) | n | - | loregang/loregoing (<Du. leergang, NHG Lehrgang), learnset | |
| court | n | hof | deemhall, lawhouse, lawdom, kinghall | |
| courteous | adj | fairspoken | - | |
| courtyard | n | - | hallyard | |
| cousin | n | kins(wo)man | nearkin | |
| covenant | n | oath, deal, bond, binding | - | |
| cover | n | holster, sheath | - | |
| cover | v | overlay, hide, deck, overspread, hill (<OE hyllan, ME hillen; c.f. OHG hullan) | - | |
| covered area | n | deck, roofed deck | hillet (<ME hillet), underspread | |
| covering | n | skin, feathers, hackles | hilling | |
| cover with | v | lay on | - | |
| covert | adj | hidden, shrouded, stealthy, under wraps, | hillen | |
| cover-up | n | whitewash, hush-work | shroudening | |
| covet | v | crave, want, hunger after, thirst after, cast greedy eyes upon | - | |
| covetous | adj | greedy, graspy, grabby, hoggish, wanting | - | |
| coward | n | dastard | arg, flytail | |
| cowardly | adj | dastardly, overfrightened, spineless, thewless | - | |
| co-worker | n | fellow worker | - | |
| cranium | n | skull | - | |
| cravat | n | necktie | - | |
| crayon | n | - | waxchalk | |
| cream | n | salve, ream, milk's head | - | |
| crease | n & vb | wrinkle, rumple, rimple, runkle | - | |
| create | v | build, craft, make, start, shape | ashape | |
| creation | n | making, building, crafting | shaping, frumschaft | |
| creature | n | wight | - | |
| credence | n | - | belief, trustworthiness | |
| credibility | n | - | beliefworthiness | |
| credible | adj | - | beliefworthy | |
| credit | n | acknowledgement | - | |
| creed | n | belief | - | |
| cremate | v | bale | - | |
| creme de la crem | n | bee's knees, dog's bollocks, best of the best | - | |
| crepuscular | adj | twilighty | twilightly | |
| crepuscule | n | twilight, darkful, dusk, nightfall, gloaming, evenfall, eventide, sundown, darkfall | duskingtide, downset | |
| crest | n | ridge, links | ris, comb | |
| cretin | n | mouth-breather | - | |
| crevasse | n | icecrack, icegap | - | |
| crevice | n | stonecrack, stonegap | - | |
| crime | n | - | misdeed, wrongdoing, folly | |
| criminal | n | outlaw, warg | lawbreaker, warrow, wrongdoer, scofflaw | |
| crimson | n | - | deepred bloodred | |
| criterion | n | - | deemmean | |
| critical | adj | weighty, key, scathing | - | |
| criticise | vb | chide, undersay, carp, scathe, blast, knock[slang], rap[slang], scold, slam[slang], upbraid, niggle | - | |
| criticism | n | - | undersaying, potshot, flak | |
| crocodile | n | - | pebblewyrm/pebbleworm (Calque), nix (Cf. OHG nihhus), knucker, crushbite athex | |
| croissant | n | - | moonbread | |
| cross | n | - | rood | |
| cross | vb | overstride | overshrithe (Cf. NHG überschreiten) | |
| crown | n | - | kinghelm (<OE cynehelm), (king)wreath | |
| crown | v | - | kinghelm (<OE cynehelm) | |
| crucifix | n | rood | - | |
| crucify | vb | hang upon a rood | roodfasten | |
| crude | adj | rough, raw | - | |
| cruel | adj | harsh, mean, ruthless | - | |
| cruelty | n | meaness | - | |
| crusade | n | - | roodfare | |
| cry | n | roop, yell, shout, whine, wail, moan | lid (<OE ge-hlȳd) (cf. NHG Lied) (cf. Du. lied) | |
| cry | v | weep, shout, wail, yell, howl, sob, roup, cleep, wail | - | |
| crystal | n | - | hardice | |
| cub | n | - | whelp | |
| cuckoo | n | - | gowk, cuckoo | |
| cucumber | n | - | earthapple | |
| cull | v | choose, pick, pick out, pitch on, pitch upon. sift, winnow, gather, pluck, pickup | - | |
| cull | n | pickings, siftings | - | |
| cul de sac | n | dead end | - | |
| culminate | vb phr | - | come together, reach its highest, come to a head | |
| cultivate | vb | grow till farm tame |
- | |
| culture | n | - | kithship, way of life | |
| culvert | n | ditch | - | |
| cup | n | stoup /stup/ stoop mug |
bedwig | |
| cure | vb | heal rid of illness |
- | |
| curiosity | n | - | knoweagerness, knowkeenness | |
| curious | vb | - | eager to know knoweager yearn to know | |
| curlew | n | whaup | - | |
| current | adj | today's, now's, nowadays', running | - | |
| current | n | undertow, tow, watertow | - | |
| currently | adv | as of yet, now | - | |
| curriculum | n | - | learnplot | |
| curriculum vitae | n | walk of life | smithsyore | |
| cursive | adj | handwritten | flow-staved | |
| cursor | n | runner | - | |
| curtail | vb | foreshorten | - | |
| curtain | n | - | forehanger, hangcloth | |
| curve | n | bow, bend | - | |
| custom | adj | - | thew, bespoke, folkway | |
| custom | n | wont, business, trade | sid | |
| cut | n | hew, carve, reap, shape, hack, mow, scythe | - | |
| cutaneous | adj | skin, hide | hideish, hidely | |
| cutaneous disease | n | tetter, scurf, scurvy | - | |
| cute | adj | pretty, sweet, lief | goldy(cf. NHG goldig), neathly(cf. NHG niedlich) | |
| cutlass | n | backsword | - | |
| cutlery | n | flatware, silverware | - | |
| cyclist | n | wheeler | - | |
| cyclone | n | windstorm | - | |
| cygnet | n | - | swanling | |
| cynosure | n | - | hoardvat(OE hordfæt) | |