Staff D of the English Wordbook.
| dairy | n | deyhouse, milkhouse, milkenstuff (dairy products) | ||||
| damage | n | harm | ||||
| damage | vb | wreck, fordo, shend | ||||
| damaged | adj | broken, dented, unsound | ||||
| damaging | adj | harmful, hurtful, baleful, baneful | ||||
| damn | vb | forordeal (forordealt-forordealt, cf. Du. veroordelen, NHG verurteilen) | ||||
| damnation | n | ordeal (cf. NHG Urteil) | ||||
| dance | v | tumb | ||||
| danger | n | plight, freech (OE fréĉen), threat, deathen | ||||
| dangerous | adj | plightful, freechenful, threatening, harmful | ||||
| data | n | put, rawput, meteworth(s), ongift(s), worth(s) | ||||
| database | n | putbank | ||||
| dative (case) | n | giver namefall | ||||
| daub | vb | spread, besmear | ||||
| de- | pref | and- (<OE and-, cf. NHG ent-) | ||||
| dear | n | beloved, darling, dear, drout, lief, love | ||||
| dear | adj | beloved, darling, dear, drout, lief, love | ||||
| debatable | adj | moot | ||||
| debut | n | beginning, coming-out, first showing, try-out | ||||
| decade | n | tenyear | ||||
| decapitate | vb | behead, unhead | ||||
| decay | v | rot, fall away, wane, wither, abreeth | ||||
| deceased | adj | dead | ||||
| deceive | vb | swike. beswike, mislead, forlead, fop, outwit, wimple | ||||
| December | n | Ereyule | ||||
| decent | adj | good, upstanding | ||||
| decentralization | n | outkerneling | ||||
| deception | n | swiking, beswikning, misleading of, falsehood, clouding, cunning, darkening, hoodwinking, misbelief, airy-nothing, snow job, | ||||
| decide | vb | choose, settle on, make up one's mind, reckon out, bychoose, shut through, beshut | ||||
| decision | n | choice, settle-on, onsettling, reckon-out, outreckoning, bychoice, throughshut, beshut | ||||
| decisive | adj | all-out, out-and-out, outright, straight-out, overwhelming, quick, speedy, swift, telling, weighty | ||||
| declare | vb | say forth, broadcast, come out with, speak, speak out, swear, tell, utter, make known, bring out, set down, stand for | ||||
| declination | n | forbend, dwining, dwindling | ||||
| decline | vb | dwine, dwindle, wane, slump, lessen, weaken, flag, downgrow down off, nether off | ||||
| decoction | n | Hell's broth(infernal); | ||||
| decorate | vb | deck, bedeck, beset, bestud, trim, tool, gild | ||||
| decrease | vb | thwine [past thwone, ppt thwinen] (<OE þwínan), shrink, lower, wane, lessen | ||||
| decree | vb | astight (<OE ástihtan), law-bode | ||||
| decrepit | vb | timeworn | ||||
| dedicate | vb | beteach [past & ppt betaught] (<OE betǽcan) | ||||
| deer (native) | n | roe, hart (adult), buck (male), stag (male), doe (female) | ||||
| de facto | n | true, truly | ||||
| defame | vb | file, shend, besmirch, befile | ||||
| default | vb | gainwithershins | ||||
| defeat | n | netherlay, netherthrow, loss, licking | ||||
| defeat | vb | netherlay, netherthrow, win against, overcome, beat, overrun, overwhelm, overthrow | ||||
| defecate | vb | drite, shite (obscene) | ||||
| defend | vb | bestand, ward | ||||
| defenestrate | vb |
outwindowse (The suffix -se- from Old English -s-, as in "cleanse," is used to form verbs from nouns or adjectives) throw out (the window) | ||||
| defense | n | weir, warding | ||||
| deficiency | n | shortcoming, lack, shorthood | ||||
| deficient | adj | wanting, missing, lacking | ||||
| deficit | n | shortfall, undermuch, undermuchhood | ||||
| defile | vb | befile, besmite, andhallow, befoul, sully | ||||
| define | vb | mark, nail-tailed, narrow, set out, mark off | ||||
| deform | vb | misshape | ||||
| deformed | adj | misshapen, crippled, ill-made, ill-shaped, misbegotten, twisted, thrawn | ||||
| deformity | n | misshapenness | ||||
| defragment | vb | cleave, misbreak | ||||
| defraud | vb | swindle | ||||
| defrost | vb | thaw | ||||
| defy | vb | thwart, withstand, hold, dare | ||||
| degrade | vb | bemean, nether, beneathen, bellowen | ||||
| degree | n | mete, height, reach, rung, stair, stand, standing, strength | ||||
| deicide | vb | godslaughter, godmurder | ||||
| deify | vb | begod (att'd) | ||||
| deity | n | god | ||||
| Deism | n | Godtroth | ||||
| delay | n | holdup, lag | ||||
| delay | vb | forestall, stall, tarry | ||||
| delete | vb | forwipe, calque of Latin de- (from, away) and -linere (to smear, to wipe) | ||||
| deletion | n | forwiping | ||||
| deliberate | adj | willful, meaningful | ||||
| deliberate | vb | embthreed (<OE ymbþreodian) | ||||
| deliberation | n | embthreeding (<OE ymbþreodung) | ||||
| delicious | adj | belickly, licksome | ||||
| delight | n | gladness, lust | ||||
| delightful | adj | bewitching, witching, thrilling, enthralling, taking, lovely, fair, good, heavenly, winsome, dainty, toothsome | ||||
| delirious | adj | bewildered, mind-wandering, dwale | ||||
| delude | vb | mislead | ||||
| deluge | n | flood, rainstorm, cloudburst, overflowing, drenching; "The Deluge" The Flood, Sinflood | ||||
| delusion | n | misbelief | ||||
| demeanour | n | jib | ||||
| dementia | n | madness, mindloss | ||||
| demilitarized | adj | unlandmighted | ||||
| demise | n | hengang (< OE hingang, "a going hence, departure, death"; Cf. NHG Hingang, "death, demise") | ||||
| democracy | n | folkship (<OE folkscipe) | ||||
| demodulation | n | backrighting | ||||
| demograph | n | folk outline | ||||
| demolish | vb | tear down, | ||||
| demolition | n | forspilling, wipeout, tear-down, downtear | ||||
| demon | n | fiend, hellfiend, mare | ||||
| demonstrate | vb | kithe, show, forshow, show-how | ||||
| dendrite | n |
sinewtwig | ||||
| dendrochronology | n |
tree-ring-timetelling (loan-oversetting of Icel. trjáhringjatímatal), tree-ring-time-reckoning (Cf. NHG Zeitrechnung, 'Chronology') |
denial | n | andsake | |
| denigrate | vb | slight, belittle, beswart, blackwash, downcast | ||||
| denigration | n | slighting, belittling | ||||
| denote | n | betoken | ||||
| dénouement | n | unravelling | ||||
| dense | adj | thick, thight | ||||
| dentist | n | toothleech (calque from Danish 'tandlæge', Icelandic 'tannlæknir'), toothsmith, toothdoctor | ||||
| denude | vb | unclothe, downclothe, get naked, strip of clothes, strip naked | ||||
| deny | vb | gainsay, naysay, withhold, asake, witherspeak | ||||
| deodorant | n | missreeker, reekkiller | ||||
| deoxyribonucleic acid | n | lifetwine | ||||
| depart | vb | wite [past wote, ppt witten] (<OE wítan), afare, go away, leave, outfare, outgo, set off, set out, put forth | ||||
| departing | n & adj | witing, afaring, outgoing, waygoing, outward-bound, outbound | ||||
| department | n | offdealing, bedealing | ||||
| depend | vb | hang on, rest on, trust in | ||||
| dependance | n | onhangyness, offhangyness | ||||
| dependent | adj | onhangy, onhangful, onhangsome | ||||
| depict | vb | show | ||||
| depreciate | vb | cheapen, lessen, underworthe, write off | ||||
| depression | n | moodsink, blues, downer, downheartedness, glumness, woefulness, netherhithood (NHG niedergeschlagenheit), downhitness, moodlessness | ||||
| deprivation | n | bereaving, loss, need | ||||
| deprivation | n | want, | ||||
| deprive (of) | vb |
anim [past anam, ppt anum] (<OE ániman) astipe (<OE ástýpan) atbraid [past atbrowd, ppt atbrowden] (<OE ætbregdan) atdo [past atdid, ppt atdone] (<OE ætdón) atnim [past atnam, ppt atnum] (<OE ætniman) atthring [past atthrang, ppt atthrung] (<OE ætþringan) bedeal (<OE bedǽlan) bedreese [past bedrose, ppt bedrorn] (<OE bedréosan) befall [past befell, ppt befallen] (<OE befeallan) ~ of property befee (<OE beféon) (fig.) begrind [past beground, ppt beground(en)] (<OE begrindan "grind, polish, sharpen; deprive of") (fig.) behew [past beheow, ppt behewn] (<OE behéawan "cut, chop; deprive of") belithe (<OE behlýðan) belithe [past belothe, ppt belithen] (<OE belíðan) beneam (<OE benǽman) beneet [past benote, ppt benoten] (<OE benéotan) benim [past benam, ppt benum] (<OE beniman), benumb berede (<OE berǽdan) bereave (att'd <OE beréafian) bereeve [past berove, ppt beroven] (<OE beréofan) berive (<OE berýfan) beshere (<OE bescerian/bescierian) besnith (<OE besnyð(ð)an) besteal [past bestole, ppt bestolen] (<OE bestelan) fornim [past fornam, ppt fornum] (<OE forniman) forsteal [past forstole, ppt forstolen] (<OE forstelan) oththring [past oththrang, ppt oththrung] (<OE oþþringan) step (<OE stíepan, cf. steprelatives) strip unshride (<OE unscrýdan "to undress, strip, deprive," cf. shroud) witherledge (<OE wiðerlǽcan) wome (<OE woman) ystride (<OE gestrýdan) ytweve (<OE getwǽfan) ywome (<OE gewoman) | ||||
| deracinate | vb | uproot | ||||
| deranged | adj | crazed, mad, moonstruck, wood | ||||
| deregulation | n | [rule]lessening | ||||
| derive | vb | come from, bring from, spring from, stem from, draw off from | ||||
| dermatology | n | hidelore, skinlore | ||||
| dermis | n | skin, hide, rind, hackle | ||||
| descend | vb | fall, come down, slope, bear | ||||
| descendent | n | offshoot, offspring, afterbear(by analogy to forebear), aftercomer, afterling(from O.E.) | ||||
| descent | n | downcoming, downgoing | ||||
| describe | vb | bewrite (NHG beschreiben), tell of, speak of, outline, set forth, set out, inword | ||||
| description | n | bewriting, tale, inwording, drawing | ||||
| desecrate | vb | unhallow | ||||
| desert | vb | forsake | ||||
| desert | n | unland, dustbowl,wilderness, wasteland, sandland, sandiland, wasteland, waterless feld, thirstland | ||||
| deserving | adj | worthy | ||||
| design | vb | lay out, draft, outline, set out | ||||
| design | n | layout, draft, outline | ||||
| designate | vb | betoken (att'd <OE betácnian), kennshow, earmark, mark, show, call, name, dub, nickname, choose | ||||
| desinfectant | n | misstainer | ||||
| desire | vb | crave, wish, lust, yearn, long, hanker (for, after), list | ||||
| desirous | adj | lief | ||||
| desolate | adj | only-ed off, lonely, alone, friendless | ||||
| despair | n | hopelessness, wanhope | ||||
| desperate | adj | shakeneedy, hopeless, forlorn | ||||
| despondency | n | atsprungness (<OE ætsprungnes) | ||||
| despise | vb | forhate (<Norwegian forhatt), behate, loathe, spurn | ||||
| despite | prep | notwithstanding | ||||
| dessert | n | afters, pudding, sweet | ||||
| destine | vb | tee, set up to happen | ||||
| destiny | n | lot | ||||
| destroy | vb | fordo, forspill, forlese (past -lore, pp. -lorn), smite, wreck, wrack, wipe out, tear down, towarp (<toweorp) | ||||
| destroyed | adj | fordone, forlesed, wrecked, torn, torn down, smited, smote | ||||
| destroyer | n | fordoer, foreleser, wrecker, smiter | ||||
| destruction | vb | fordoing, forlesing, smiting, wrecking, wracking, tearing, tearing down | ||||
| detail | n | tinymark | ||||
| detective | n | sleuth, bloodhound | ||||
| deteriorate | vb | worsen, get worse | ||||
| determine | vb | settle, set, lay down, underdraw off | ||||
| detest | vb | hate, loathe | ||||
| detrimental | n | harmful, scatheful | ||||
| devalue | vb | downworthen | ||||
| develop | vb | grow, build, unfold, unwrap | ||||
| developed, poorly | adj | wan-thriven | ||||
| development | n | becoming, unfolding, growth, blooming, blossoming, futhering, spreading, unfolding, upshot, upbuilding | ||||
| developmental | adj | becomesome, growthsome, building, building up, flowering, greatening, outgrowing, raising, readying, futhering, upgrowing, unfolding, waxing | ||||
| Devil | name | Hell King, Light Bringer, Morning Star | ||||
| devious | adj | underhand | ||||
| devolve | vb | wend into, hand over | ||||
| devote | vb | betake | ||||
| devour | vb | eat, eat up, fret, fret up, gobble up, wolf down, forswallow (<OE forswelgan) | ||||
| dexterity | n | deftness, sleight, handcleverness | ||||
| dexterous | adj | deft, handskillful, handcrafty | ||||
| diabolic | n | devilish | ||||
| diacritic | n | tittle | ||||
| diafragma | n | midrif | ||||
| diagonal | adj | aslant, slanted, slanting, sloped, sloping, aslope | ||||
| dialect | n | byleid | ||||
| diameter | n | straightspan, circlewidth | ||||
| diameter, inner | n | bore | ||||
| diameter, outer | n | girth | ||||
| diamond | n | hardore, hardestore, hardorestuff, hardestorestuff | ||||
| diaphanous | adj | sheer | ||||
| diarrhoea | n | skitter, the runs | ||||
| diary | n | daybook | ||||
| diaspora | n | forspliting, the wanderings, spreading out of, the earth-walking of | ||||
| dictator | n | overlord | ||||
| dictatorship | n | overlordship | ||||
| dictionary | n | wordbook | ||||
| diet | n | food, fare | ||||
| difference | n | unlikeness, anotherness, undershed (NHG Untershied) | ||||
| different | adj | unlike, unsame, missen (<OE missen) | ||||
| different | adv | other, otherwise | ||||
| differently | adv | otherwise | ||||
| difficult | adj | hard, tough, unyielding, burdensome | ||||
| diffident | adj | shy | ||||
| digit | n | finger, toe | ||||
| digital | adj | scorely | ||||
| dignity | n | worth, selfworth | ||||
| digress | n | umbsweep (<OE ymbswæpe) | ||||
| dilapidated | adj | tumbledown | ||||
| dilate | v | abreed | ||||
| diligence | n | hard work, graft, carefulness, business | ||||
| diligent | adj | hardworking, careful | ||||
| diligently | adv | hardworkingly, graftily, carefully, busily, narrowly | ||||
| diminish | vb | lessen, lower, wane, dwindle, dwine, fordwine | ||||
| diminutive | adj | tiny, ,impish, small, little | ||||
| diminutive | suffix | let | ||||
| dimorphism | n | twayshapenness. | ||||
| diningroom | n | buttern (OE beotern - table-room.) | ||||
| dinner | n | supper | ||||
| dinosaur | n | bulkwight, forebird | ||||
| diocese | n | bishopric, bishopshire | ||||
| diploma | n | lore sickernote | ||||
| direct | adj | rode, straight, straightforward, unbending, head-on, forthright, open, outspoken, | ||||
| direct | vb | lead, steer, wees (OE wisian), beward, beright, right | ||||
| direction | n | wending, warding, wardedness (backmade from -ward in toward, backward etc.) (adverbially) -ward: sameward, "in the same direction," otherward, "in the other direction" | ||||
| directory | n | map, [file]list | ||||
| dis- | pref | mis-, and- (<OE and-, cf. NHG ent-) | ||||
| disarm | vb | andweapon (cf. NHG entwaffnen) | ||||
| discard | vb | get rid of, deep-six | ||||
| disciple | n | loreknight (<OE larcniht) | ||||
| discredit | vb | smirch | ||||
| disable | vb | cripple, afounder, to make lame | ||||
| disabled | adj | handicapped, lame, halt | ||||
| disadvantage | n | drawback, downside | ||||
| disadvantaged | adj | handicapped, hindered | ||||
| disappear | vb | unkythe, unsighten, fordwindle, show away | ||||
| disappoint | vb | sadden, let down, balk, cast down, hinder, thwart | ||||
| disarm | vb | unweapon | ||||
| disarrange | vb | rumple, tousle | ||||
| disaster | n | harrow-hap, great loss, ill-hap, mother earth's wrath, banefall, banespill, baneburst, banestrike, grimming | ||||
| disastrous | adj | baneful, deadly, dreadful, black, hapless, harmful, doomfull, wrackful | ||||
| discard | vb | throw away, ditch | ||||
| discharge | vb | andload (cf. NHG entladen) | ||||
| discipline | n | tought, learnship | ||||
| discipline | vb | betoughten, toughten | ||||
| disclose | vb | bare, show, tell | ||||
| disconcerting | adj | offputting, upsetting | ||||
| discontinue | vb | end | ||||
| discount | n | falloff (c.f. Ic. af-fall) | ||||
| discourse | n | wordling/wordering (<OE wordlung/*wordrung, cf. wordrian), talk, speech | ||||
| discourse, area of | n | wordlingbereach (wordling [see above] + bereach, cf. NHG Diskursbereich) | ||||
| discourse | vb | wordle/worder (<OE wordlian/wordrian), talk, speak | ||||
| discover | vb & phr | anddeck, onfind, find, come upon, happen upon, beget, behold, bring to light, ken, get hold of, get wise to, see, witness, learn of. hear of, | ||||
| discovery | n | anddecking, onfind, finding | ||||
| discriminate | n | treat unjustly | ||||
| discuss | vb | talk anent, talk over, talk through | ||||
| disease | n | addle, cothe, sickness, illness, wanhaleness | ||||
| disease, skin | n | tetter | ||||
| disfigure | vb | mar, misshape | ||||
| disgrace | n & vb | shame, shend | ||||
| disgusting | adj | loathely, wlatsome, foul, pukening,gruesome, ghastly, rank | ||||
| dish | n | bowl, flatbowl | ||||
| dishevel | vb | tousle, rumple, tangle | ||||
| disheveled | adj | tousled, thrummy | ||||
| disinclined | adj | loath | ||||
| disinfect | vb | unsmittle | ||||
| disinfectant | adj | unsmittlesome | ||||
| disinfectant | n | unsmittler | ||||
| disk | n | shife (cf. Du. shijf, NHG Scheibe), round, flat | ||||
| dislike | vb | mislike | ||||
| dismember | vb | alithe, andlimb | ||||
| dismiss | vb | snub, slight, sack, fire | ||||
| disobedient | adj | unhold, unhearsome, hardheaded, stubborn, wayward | ||||
| disordered | adj | unsided, throughanother | ||||
| disperse | vb | scatter, spread, strew, todrive, tofare | ||||
| displace | vb | unord, uproot | ||||
| display | n | reading window | ||||
| displease | vb | weary, irk athreet [past athrote, ppt athrotten] (<OE aþreótan) | ||||
| disposable | adj | throwaway | ||||
| disposal | n | deep-six | ||||
| disprove | vb | belie | ||||
| dispute | vb | call out against, moot, belie, half-believe | ||||
| disqualify | vb | unfit | ||||
| disregard | vb | overlook, forheed | ||||
| disruption | n | upheaval | ||||
| dissect | vb | cut up | ||||
| dissemble | v | atlike | ||||
| dissolution | n | breakup | ||||
| dissonance | n | pitchclash | ||||
| distance | n | span, stretch, farness | ||||
| distant | adj | aferron, far, faraway, far off, | ||||
| distant2 | adj | aloof, standoffish, | ||||
| distilate | n | of-burn, forsteam | ||||
| distort | vb | bewray, twist, throw, warp | ||||
| distract | vb | offmind, link off, misdraw, misdrag, mislead, bewilder, unsettle, to-draw, to-drag | ||||
| distracted | adj | offminded, linked off, to-drawn, misdrawn, of-drawn, of-lead | ||||
| distraught | adj | woeful, awondered, amazed | ||||
| distress | vb | harry, harrow, unfrith, to-slite, to-tear | ||||
| distribute | vb | deal out, hand out, give out, fordeal, bedeal, of-give, out-mete, share, brit (OE, bryttian) | ||||
| distribution | n | fordealing, bedealing, out-meting, of-giving, forspreading, outdealing, dealing-out, spread | ||||
| district | n | shire, riding, leet, -wick, wike, stretch | ||||
| distrust | vb | forthink, mistrust | ||||
| disturb | vb | stir,dreef (OE dréfan) | ||||
| disturbance | n | roughhouse, stirring, dreefing, dreep-hap | ||||
| diurnal | adj | daily, dayish | ||||
| diverse | adj | manifold, sundry, manikind | ||||
| divert | n | of-lead, | ||||
| divide | n | split, gap | ||||
| divide | vb | cleave, shed, split, sunder, share, of-mete, to-tweem (OE to-twaémen), deal | ||||
| divination | n | weedgle | ||||
| divine | adj | godly, holy, weedgly | ||||
| divinity | n | holiness, godhood | ||||
| division | n | cleaving, splitting, tweeming, to-tweeming, shedding, sundering | ||||
| divorce | n | wedcleave, wedcleaving, wedlockcleave, wedlockcleaving | ||||
| docile | adj | meek | ||||
| doctor, medical | n | healer, healthsmith, leech | ||||
| document | n | writ, wrote, iwrit | ||||
| dogma | n | beliefteaching | ||||
| doll | n | mennishtoy | ||||
| dolphin | n | tumbler (German: Tümmler) | ||||
| domain | n | lorddom | ||||
| domestic | vb | homeland (politics), house, household, every-day | ||||
| domesticate | vb | tame, houseteach, houserede | ||||
| dominate | vb | overweigh, (lord it over), (have the say), (have clout), (keep down), (keep under), lead, (have might over), (have sway over), enthrall, bestride, top, outtop, overtop, (rise above), own | ||||
| donate | vb | bestow, give, overgive, yield | ||||
| donation | n | gift, yeld | ||||
| doppelgänger | n | look-alike, evil look-alike, ill-boding look-alike | ||||
| dormant | adj | sleeping, drousing | ||||
| dormitory | n | sleepstow, bedroom | ||||
| dorsal | adj | back | ||||
| dosage | n | muchness | ||||
| double | n | twosome, twin | ||||
| double | vb | twicen, twicefold, twofold | ||||
| double stack | adj | two-row, staggered | ||||
| doubt | n | qualm, twining, unbelief, fear, dread, misgivings, wonder, ink (<OE inca; ME inke) | ||||
| douse | vb | drench | ||||
| dozen | adj | twelve | ||||
| dozen | fig | tens | ||||
| draconian | adj | draconish, harsh, rough | ||||
| dragon | n | drake | ||||
| dragonfly | n | Adder-fly, adderbolt | ||||
| dramatic | adj | lively, startling, bustling, uproarish, striking, stirring, quickening, thrilling, overdone, underplayed, | ||||
| dramatist | n | playwright | ||||
| dress | n | bodyskirt, fullskirt, long skirt | ||||
| dress | vb | clothe, trim, ready, don, doff, agraith | ||||
| dual | adj | twin, twofold | ||||
| dub | vb | name, call | ||||
| dubious | adj & phr | hard to believe, of two minds, fickle, dark, shifty, ill-gotten, trustless, untrustworthy,unsettled | ||||
| duchy | n | aldermanry, hertogdom | ||||
| due | adj | owing | ||||
| duel | n | twifight, twistruggle | ||||
| duet | n | twising | ||||
| dugong | n | seacow | ||||
| duke | n | alderman (cf. OE ealdorman), hertog (cf. Du. hertog, NHG Herzog) | ||||
| dunce | n | mouth breather | ||||
| dune | n | sandhill | ||||
| during | prep | throughout, bewhile | ||||
| Dutch | adj | Netherlandish, Hollandish | ||||
| Dutchman | n | Netherlander, Hollander | ||||
| duvet | n | bedspread, eiderdown | ||||
| dynamic | n | bewayfull, snell | ||||
| dynasty | n | erverike | ||||
| dysentery | n | redfever | ||||
| dysfunctional | adj | unworking, badworking | ||||
| dyslexic | n |
wordblind |