Staff F of the English Wordbook.
Tongueshortenings:
- NE = New English
- ENE = Early New English
- ME = Middle English
- OE = Old English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WO = Wangeroogish
- WLG = West Low Thetch
- EFLS = East Frish Low Saxish
- ELG = East Low Thetch
- NL = Netherlandish
- AF = Afrikaans
- NHG = New High Thetch
- IL = Icelandish
- HIL = High Icelandish
- FO = Faroish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Thetch
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Thetch
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Thetch
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
Other shortenings:
- [ᛣ] = Loanwend
- [ᚹ] = Widened meaning given to a word for the sake of Anglish
- [ᛏ] = Transitive
- [ᚾ] = Intransitive
- [ᚩ] = Old and dead meaning of a living word
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
Staffs under English Wordbook/F:
Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fe Ff Fg Fh
Fi Fj Fk Fl Fm Fn Fo Fp Fq Fr Fs Ft Fu Fv
Fw Fx Fy Fz
*Note: If you click on one of the links above, and nothing happens, then that means no words have been put forth for that bookstaff as of yet.
Chancery English | Class | Anglish/English | |
Attested | Unattested | ||
Fa[] | |||
fable | n | tale | byspel (‹ME bīspel), byquid (‹OE bigcwide), leasespel (‹OE lēasspell), wondertale |
fabric | n | cloth, woof; shell, framework | - |
fabricate | vb | cook up, make up; bring into being, build, make, put together, run up, set up, shape; think up, write | worch (‹ME worchen), bework ([ᛣ]: WF bewurkje, NL bewerken) |
fabrication | n | making; sham | beworking (NL bewerken + -ing) |
fabulous | adj | groovy, amazing, sterling, top-shelf, wonderful | - |
facade | n | foreside, forehead; outer-skin, put-on, show | - |
face | n | mug (‹?); brow; shell, cast, side, foreside | leer ([ᚩ]: ‹ME lēr), neb ([ᚩ]: ‹ME neb), anlet (‹ME anlēt), ansen (‹ME ansẹ̄ne), nebshaft (‹ME nebshaft) |
facet | n | side, bearing | - |
facetious | adj | biting, tung-in-cheek, sharp-witted, salty, smart, witty | - |
facilitate | vb | - | eath (‹ME ēþen) |
fact | n | truth | sooth ([ᚩ]: see ME sọ̄th), soothquid (‹OE sōþcwide), deedsake ([ᛣ]: SF Doatseeke) |
fact, in | phr | indeed, in truth | soothly |
faction | n | side | faycleave, cleavefay |
factor | n | - | swayer |
factory | n | - | buildworks, worksmithy ([ᛣ]: IL verksmiðja) |
factual | adj | true, sooth, soothfast | - |
faculty | n | - | lorehalldeal |
fad | n | hit, brainstorm | - |
faddish | adj | - | a-go-go |
fade | vb | dwindle, wane | sear |
faeces | n | stool, dirt, dung, shit, shite | - |
fæggot | n | - | stickbind, stickfasten, stickbundle |
faience | n | - | tin-glazed earthenware |
fail | vb | fizzle, flop, flunk, let down | truck (<OE trucian), swether |
failure | n | oversight, blunder, washout | truckness (<OE trucian), swethering |
faint | vb | swoon, flake out, black out, dwam (<SC) | - |
fair | n | hoppings | - |
fairy | n | elf | - |
fairy tale | n | wondertale | - |
fait accompli | n | done deed, done deal, fulfilled, carried out, (thing) over and done | - |
faith | n | belief, troth, trow | lief (‹ME lēve) |
faithful | adj | down-the-line, fast, good, steadfast, steady, true-blue | liefful (‹ME lēfful), trowful |
faithfulness | n | - | lieffulness (‹OE ġelēaffulnes), trowfulness |
faith, to have | vb | trust, lief | trow |
fake news | n | - | beat-up |
falcon | n | - | falk (cf. DN/NO/SW falk, NL valk, NHG Falke) |
fallacy | n | untruth | untrue/wrong/unsound rake |
fallible | adj | unsound, wanting | - |
Fallopian tube | n | - | eggleader ([ᛣ]: NL eileider), eyleader |
false | adj | lease, off, unsound, untrue, wrong, sham, crooked, misdealing, misleading | foken (‹ME fōken), mone (‹ME mōn) |
falsely accuse | vb | - | forwray (<OE forwregan) |
fame | n | name, wellstanding, stardom, limelight, greatness | lise (<OE hlīsa), bremeness, reem (<OE hrēmiġ; cf. NHG Ruhm, NL roem), reth (<OE hreþ) |
familiar | adj | couth, friendly, inward, near, thick, tight; abreast; household | hewcouth (<OE hīwcūþ), forwildering (as unlike bewildering) |
family | n | kin, kindred, kinfolk, ilk, sib, household | hird (‹ME hīred), kneeris (‹OE cnēoris) |
famine | n | dearth, hunger | - |
famished | adj | hungry, starving, hunger-bitten | - |
famous | adj | well-known, couth | meer (‹ME mēr), breme (<OE brēme, cf. NHG berühmt, NL beroemt), liseful (‹OE hlīsful), namecouth (<OE namcūþ) |
fan | n | lover, nut | device: blower, waffer, waffend
enthusiast: fultumer (<OE: fultum, support) bewonderer (cf. NL bewonderaar), wonderling |
fanatic | n | hardnose | - |
fanaticism | n | - | ellentroth |
fancy | n | liking, longing, bent, flighty thought, daresay, brainwave | - |
fancy | adj | showy | - |
fantastic | adj | wonderful | dreamsome |
fantasm | n | dream; shade, shadow, wraith | - |
fantasy | n | daydream, dreamland, dreamworld, dreamscape
(genre:) wonder-tales |
mind-wonder |
farce | n | take-off, dry-wit | - |
farm | n | holding | earthfield |
farmer | n | acreman, plowman, husbandman, tillerman, tiller, fieldsman | earthtiller, cropcrafter, small-holder |
farming | n | tilling | earthtilling, cropcrafting |
farrago | n | mash, mashing, all-kinds-of | sundrying |
farro | n | emmer (‹NHG) | twocorn ([ᛣ]: NHG Zweikorn) |
fasces | n | bundle | - |
fascia | n | strip, band | - |
fascism | n | - | bindlerichdom |
fascist | n | blackshirt | bindlerichliever |
fascinate | vb | bewitch, spellbind, draw, fire, inthrall, eyebite (cited by Richard Chenevix Trench) | - |
fascinated | adj | inthralled, bewitched, spellbound | - |
fashion | vb | fit, put, shape; frame | hue (<OE hīwian), fangle |
fashion | n | trend, way | fangle |
fashionable | adj | dashing; cool (slang); trendy; crowd-pleasing | - |
fastidious | adj | choosy, picky | - |
fatal | adj | deadly | - |
fatal wound | n | - | walben (<OE wælben) |
fatamorgana | n | - | loftglass |
fate | n | doom, lot | wird (<ME wē̆rd/wird), orlay (‹OE orlæg) |
fatigue | n | frazzle, tiredness, weariness | - |
fatuous | adj | brainless, half-witted, thick-headed | - |
faucet | n | tap | - |
fault | n | shortcoming, want, weakness; mistake, oversight, trip; pockmark, misstep, | dwild (<OE), shild (Eng.) (<ME schuld <OE scyld; cf. NL schuld) |
fauna | n | wildlife | deerworld, wightlife |
faux-pas | n | mistake, misstep, slipup | - |
favor | n | kindness, blessing; one-sideness, shine | hild, milts (<OE) |
favorable | adj | bright, golden, heartening, hopeful | belikening, fair-boding |
favorite | adj | beloved, darling, dearest, fair-haired, fondest, [most] liked, [most] loved, sweet, white-headed, chosen, handpicked, crowd-pleasing | fondmost, belikened, darling (cf. NHG Lieblings-), gunstelling (Afrikaans) |
Fe[] | |||
feasible | adj | likely, doingly, seemingly, timely, welltimed, wieldly, worthwhile | howingly (<OE hogian 'plan') |
feast | n | feed, spread; wealth | simble (<OE symbel) |
Feast day (religious) | n | - | simbleday (<OE symbeldæg) |
Feast of Tabernacles | n | - | Simble of Ingathering |
Feast of the Cross | n | Holy Rood Day | - |
Feast of the Transfiguration | n | - | Forhallowing Day |
Feast of Trumpets | n | - | Simble of Beems |
Feast of Unleavened Bread | n | - | Simble of Unraised Bread |
feat | n | deed, stroke | - |
feature | n | shape, look, make, mark | - |
February | n(p) | - | Soalmonth (‹OE Solmōnaþ), February (‹OE Februarius; cf. IL febrúar), Mudmonth, Horningmonth, Othermonth |
feckless | adj | bootless, hamstrung | - |
federal | adj | - | kernelish, rikebandish |
federation | n | - | forbend ([ᛣ]: NL verbond), rikeband |
feeble | adj | weak, backboneless | - |
fee simple | n | freehold | - |
feign | vb | sham, put on | - |
feint | n | blind, hoodwinking, put-on, red herring | - |
felicitate | vb | hug | - |
felicity | n | happiness | sealth (<OE sǣlþ) |
feline | adj | pusslike, catlike | carlcatlike, queencatlike |
felinology | n | - | catlore |
fellow | n | gesith | sith (<OE gesīþ) |
fellowship | n | - | sithship (<OE gesīþsċipe) |
felony | n | - | headsin, deathshild (<OE dēaþscyld) |
female | n | quean, lady, frow, wifekind, she-kind (pre: she-) | - |
feminazi (slang) | n | - | manhater, werehater, gomehater |
feminine | adj | - | wifely (<OE wíflic, NHG weiblich), shesome |
feminism | n | - | queanstem |
feminist | n | - | queanstemmer |
femme fatale | n | maneater | - |
femto (-byte) | pref | fifteen- | - |
femur | n | thigh bone | - |
fence | n | waugh, hedge, sundering | edor |
fence | v | swordfight | - |
fend (off) | vb | ward off, hold off, keep off | - |
fender | n | shield, windshield, hob; midriff | - |
fennec | n | - | dryland fox |
feudalism | n | - | flack fellowship |
feral | adj | wild, untamed, running mad, tameless | - |
feric | adj | ironlike | - |
feriferous | adj | - | iron-yielding, ironbear, ironbere |
ferment | n | barm, yeast | - |
ferment | v | yeast, brew | - |
ferocious | adj | fiendish, mad, grim, warlike, wild, frothing | - |
ferret | n | - | neasle |
ferret | vb | hound, harry, seek out | nease (<OE neosian) |
Ferris wheel | n | big wheel | - |
fertile | n | fallow, yielding, loamy | wastombear |
fervent | adj | glowing, warm-blooded | - |
fester | vb | burn, rot, weep, blain | - |
festival | n | holiday | guild (<OE gield), frealsing |
festive | adj | festlike, cheery, grooving, upbeat, hearty, merry, gleeful | frealsing |
festoon | n | - | wreathe |
festoon | vb | deck, trim, doll up | clad up |
fetid | adj | smelly, stenchy, rank | - |
fetish | n | - | kink, overlust |
feudal | adj | toll-run, fee-holding, lendship | - |
feud | n | foe-fighting, bad blood, ill-feeling | - |
fever | n | ail, sickness | driff, rith, rithing (<OE hriþ), raised body heat |
Fi[] | |||
fiancé | n | betrothed, husband-to-be | forloved (<NHG verlobter) |
fiancée | n | betrothed, wife-to-be | forloved (<NHG verlobter) |
fiasco | n | out-and out breakdown, full-blight, misdeal | - |
fiber | n | bristle, thread; backbone, grit, guts, pluck | thrum |
fibula | n | calf bone, bow pin | - |
fiction | n | - | literature: sheenwritcraft (cf. DN skønlitteratur)
umtruth, playtruth |
fictional | adj | made up | literature: sheenwritsome |
fidelity | n | faithfullness, troth | heldrede (<OE hyldræden) |
fierce | adj | rethe | - |
fifth columnist | n | back-friend | |
figment | n | daydream | dwimmer |
figure | n | - | gestalt (cf. NHG Gestalt), ansen (<OE ansien), beaconing (<OE bycnung) |
figure out | vb | riddle, work out | - |
file | n | binder, writ | - |
filings | n | - | swarf |
Filipino Language | n | - | Philipslandish Tung
Philipish Tung |
Filipino (people) | n | - | Philipslander
Philipish |
filter | n/vb | sieve, sift, winnow, trawl | - |
final | adj | last, rearmost, hindmost; flat, frozen, hard, set, settled, endmost | afte (<PG aftai), aftere (<PG afteraz), after (<ON aptr, aftr <PG aftrą), Aftume (<PG aftumô) |
finale | n | ending, showdown | - |
finally | adv | at last, endly, in the end, at last | - |
finance | n | thrift | geldlore |
fine (payment) | n | bote; geld, bed-geld, land-geld, barley-geld, cloth-geld | - |
fine | n/adj |
dusty, finespun, hairline; neat, straight, spot-on; four-star; keen, sharp; tasteful; adv: all right, good, middlingly |
sifer, swotel n: lawslight |
finish | vb | end, fulcome, fulfill | beend (be-end) (cf. NHG beenden) |
finish | n | ending | - |
finished | adj | ready, done | - |
fireplace | n | hearth | oase (<PWG *aisā; cf. MLG êse) |
firm | adj | fast, bound, unyielding, stalwart | - |
firmament | n | blue, heaven(s), high, welkin |
swail, rother (<OE rodor), heaven-wheel (<OE), beaten-stretch (more literal to Biblical Hebresh raqia) |
fiscal | adj | - | gelth |
fissure | n | crack, split, cleft | chine (<OE cínu) |
fix | n | fastening, righting, overhaul, setting, patch, healing | - |
fix | vb | fasten, right, work, overhaul, set, patch, heal. 2. (in a sporting contest: runstiff) | - |
fixed | adj | given, fast, fastened, wrought, set, patched | - |
Fl[] | |||
flaccid | adj | limp | - |
flagellate | n | lash, leather, rawhide | - |
flagellum | n | whip | - |
flame | n | blaze, fire, fire-shoot, lowe | lye, ligh (<OE līġ) |
flamingo | n | - | stiltswan, fireswan |
flange | n | rim | - |
flask | n | - | flax (<OE flaxe) |
flatulence | n | wind | - |
flavor | n | tang, smack, smatch | - |
Flensburg | n(p) | - | Flensborough |
fletcher | n | - | arrowsmith |
flexible | adj | lithe, bendy, limber, bendfull, bendsome, bowsome | - |
flexibility | n | litheness, bendiness, limberness | bendfulness, bendsomeness, bowsomeness |
flight-hooligan | n | - | flight-dretch |
flinch | vb | draw back, wince, hang back, reel, shy, blench | - |
flirt | vb | eye-tease, eye play | - |
floccinaucinihilipilificate | vb | deem worthless | - |
flora | n | green | bloomlife, wortlife |
floss | n/vb | thread | tooththread |
flotsam and jetsam | n | - | sea-bits and strew |
flour | n | meal | - |
flourish | vb | bloom, blossom | - |
flower | n | bloom, blossom | - |
fluctuate | vb | ithe (<OE ȳþian) | |
fluctuate | n | swing | |
fluctuating | adj | - | ithy (<OE ȳþiġ) |
fluent | adj | flowing, smoothspoken | - |
fluffy | adj | puffy, downy (ON), feathery, featherlike, fleecy, woolly, hairy, fuzzy, soft, bushy, mushy, cozy | - |
fluid | adj | runny, flowing | - |
fluorescent | adj | leaming | flowglowing |
fluorine | n | - | flowstuff |
flute | n | - | whistle (<ME whistle), whistlehorn |
flux | n | flow, flowing | outerning (<OE ūtirning) |
flying buttess | n | - | loftbow (cf. NL luchtboog) |
Fo[] | |||
focus | n | eye; lodestar | - |
focus | vb | spotlight, hearth | - |
folly | n | dullness, unwisdom, witlessness, boneheadedness | wanwit, dullship, stuntness, fleard, oodness, unwareship, sotship |
folio | n | - | leaf |
fondant | n | frosting, icing | - |
fondue | n | - | smeltcheese |
font | n | - | staffkind, staffcast, casting |
fool | n | dotty, half-baked; sucker; halfwit, bonehead, meathead, bean-brain, mouth-breather | - |
fool's gold | n | mullock | - |
foolhardy | adj | brash, bold, headlong, heedless, hot-headed, daring, daresome, reckless | - |
foolish | adj | dotty, half-baked | - |
footprint | n | footmark | footspoor, trod, last, footlast |
force | n | strength, dint, might, craft | thrake (<OE þracu), groundswell (nautical) |
force | vb | thring, thrust, shove, pull, make to | thwing (cf. NHG zwingen) |
forceps | n | tongs | - |
forcible | adj | strong-arm, make to | - |
foreign | adj | outlandish, fremd | ellendish (<ME elendish, ellendish, <OE elelendisc) |
foreign country | n | farland, faraway land, outland | elland (<OE eleland, elland), althede |
foreigner | n | outlander, outsider | fremdling (<NHG Fremdling), comeling (<ME cǒmeling), fremder, wale |
forest | n | woodland, woods, holt, frith, timberland, greenwood | - |
forester | n | woodward, woodsman | frither ([ᛣ]: NHG Förster) |
forestry | n | - | woodward-craft |
forficula | n | earwig | forky tail, clipshear |
forge | vb/n |
get along; carve out, grind out, thrash out, work up; beat, draw, pound n: smithy, hammermill |
n: smithe (‹ME smithe) |
forgive (swayed by ON) | vb | - | foryeave (‹ME foryēven), foryive (‹ME foryiven) |
forgiveness (swayed by ON) | n | - | foryeaveness (‹ME foryēvenes), foryiveness (‹ME foryevnes/foryivenesse) |
forgiver (swayed by ON) | n | - | foryeaver (‹ME foryēver), foryiver (‹ME forʒyver) |
form | n | shape | hue (<OE hiw) |
form | vb | shape, make, begin, build | - |
formal | adj | starchy, stiff-necked, stilted; lofty, high-flown | - |
formation | n | setting up, shaping, building, making | - |
format | n | layout | shape |
formatted | n | - | shaped |
formicology | n | - | antlore |
formidable | adj | stalwart | - |
formula | n | draft | leechwrit, spellwrit |
fornication | n | - | horning (<OE hornung); forlier (<OE forliger) |
fortress | n | keep, stronghold, fastness | hillwark |
fortification | n | stronghold | umbtrimming (<OE ymbtrymming), befastening [ᛣ] |
fortitude | n | backbone, grit, grittiness, pluck | ellen, strength |
fortune | n | hap, luc, life-tide | - |
forum | n | moot, soapbox | mootstow (<OE mótstów) |
fossil | n/adj | forbone | stonelaves (stone remains) adj: stonelave |
fotanelle | n | soft spot, mold | - |
found | vb | ground, build, begin, put up, settle, set up, start up | staddle (<OE staþolian), ground (cf. NHG gründen), stift (cf. NHG stiften) |
founder | n | forenunner; begetter; father of | staddler (<OE staþolian + NE -er), grounder (cf. NHG Gründer), groundlayer (cf. NL grondlegger, cf. NO grunnlegger) |
foundation | n | groundwork, staddle | grounding (cf. NHG Gründung), stifting (cf. NHG Stiftung) groundlaying (cf. NHG, DN) |
fountain | n | cradle, root, seedbed, wellspring, bourn, burn head: headspring |
springwell, springbourn (cf. NHG Springbrunnen) |
foyer | n | waiting room | - |
Fr[] | |||
fraction | n | share, lot, deal, breaking | - |
fracture | n/vb | break | - |
fragile | adj | brittle, weak | tider (<OE tȳdre), brokenly (<OE brocenlic), swack (<OE swæc) |
fragment | n | thrum, scrap, shatters, sherd | breakdeal |
fragmentation | n | - | forcleaving |
fragrance | n | sweet smell, sweetness | wortbreath (<OE wyrtbræþ) |
framboise | n | raspberry | - |
francophone | adj | French-speaking | - |
franchise | n | saga, line | - |
France | n(p) | - | Frankland, Frankrich |
frangible | adj | - | breaksome |
fraternal | adj | brotherly | - |
fraternity | n | brotherhood | - |
fraud | n | swindle | - |
fray | vb | frazzle | - |
frenulum/frenum | n | - | tonguethrum (‹OE tungeþrum), bridle, bridleling ([ᛣ] of Leeden); lip-thrum, brain-thrum, gum-thrum, gut-thrum, pintle -thrum |
frenzy | n | madness | hestmadness |
french toast | n | sop in the pan | - |
frequency | n | oftenness | - |
frequent | adj | hang at; adj: everyday, household, often | simble (<OE), loom (<OE ġelōm) |
frequently | adv | often, over and over | - |
fricative | adj | rubclank | - |
friction | n | rubbing | - |
Frisia | n(p) | Friesland | Frisland (‹ME Frīslōnd) |
Frisian | n(p) | Friesish | Fris (‹OE Frysa) |
Frisian | adj(p) | Friesish | Frish (‹OE Frysisc) |
frigate | n | - | lightship, lightboat |
fringe | n | edge, outskirt | lough (‹OE wlōh) |
frock | n | kirtle (cf. OE cyrtel) | rock (‹ME rokke), breastrock (‹OE brēostrocc); bishoprock (‹OE biscoprocc) |
front | n | fore, afore, foreside | - |
frontal bone | n | brow | foreskull, forebone |
frontier | n | mere, mark, edge, balk, rone (OED); region: backlands, backwater, backwoods, bush, hinterland, outback | - |
fructose | n | - | berrysweet |
frugal | adj | sparing, thrifty | - |
fruit | n | apple, applestock, ovest (obsolete meaning); -berry; seed, yield, spawn; output, work | blead (‹ME blēd), wassom (‹ME wastme ⁊ ‹OE wæstm), ovet (‹ME ovet; cf. WF oefte, ELG Ooft/Aaft, NL ooft, NHG Obst) |
fruitful | adj | lush | wassombere (‹ME wæstmbære); wassomly (‹OE wæstmlīc) |
fruitfulness | n | - | wassombereness |
fruitsome | adj | - | wassombere (‹OE wæstmbǣre), ovetsome |
frustrate | vb | thwart | - |
fry | vb | - | hirst (‹ME hirsten), breed (‹ME brēden) |
Fu[] | |||
fucacae | n | seaweed | float-wort, seawrack |
fuel | n | - | firefood (‹OE fȳrfōda) |
fugitive | n | runaway, lamster | wrack (<OE wræcca), flightling |
fulcrum | n | shaft, heart, swivel | - |
fulfillment | n | fulfilling | - |
fuliginous | adj | sooty, grimy, blackish, darkish, dusty, emberlike, cinderly, ashlike, coomy | - |
fulminate | n | huff | - |
fumigate | vb | smeek | bereek (‹OE berēocan) |
fun | vb | play | |
function | n | work, job, goal | brooking (‹OE brūcing), working goal |
functional | adj | working | - |
fund | n | nest egg; wherewithal; stock | - |
fundament | n | groundwork | - |
fundamental | adj | underlying, innermost, key | groundlaying ([ᛣ]: NHG grundlegend, DN grundlæggende) |
funeral | n | burial | begraving |
funeral pyre | n | - | oad/ode (‹ ME od ⁊ OE ād) |
funereal | adj | mournful, ghostly, barrow-wightish (O.E.D.) | - |
fungus | n | - | swamb (‹ME swam) |
funk | n | dank | - |
fur | n | - | fodder (‹PWG *fōdr) |
furnace | n | kiln, oven | - |
furnish | vb | bedight | - |
furtherance (foreign suffix) | n | furthering | - |
fury | n | - | wood (‹ME wōde) |
fuse | n | meld, cleave | forsmelt |
futile | adj | worthless | fremeless |
future | n | aftertime, to-come, by-and-by, hereafter, offing, forthcomingness, to-be | towardness (‹OE tōweardnes), forthshaft |
future | adj | forthcoming, upcoming, incoming, unborn, toward |
after-time, forthtime near and far |