Staff I of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WLG = West Low Theech
- ELG = East Low Theech
- NL = Netherlandish
- NHG = New High Theech
- IC = Icelandish
- HIC = High Icelandish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Theech
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Theech
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Theech
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
Staffs under English Wordbook/I:
Ia Ib Ic Id
Ie If Ig Ih
Ii Ij Ik Il Im In Io Ip Iq Ir Is It Iu Iv
Iw Ix Iy Iz
*Note: If you click on one of the links above, and nothing happens, then that means no words have been put forth for that bookstaff as of yet.
Chancery English | Class | Anglish/English | |
Attested | Unattested | ||
Ia[] | |||
-ian | n | -en, -ish, -er (demonym) | - |
Ib[] | |||
ibex | n | - | firrowbuck (<OE firgenbucca), stonebuck (<NHG Steinbock) |
IBT (inclined bed therapy) | n | - | TBB (tipped bed behandling) |
Ic[] | |||
-ic/ -ical | sfx | -ish, -some, -ly, - y | - |
ice age | n | - | ice eld |
iceberg | n | - | icebarrow, icefell, ice ettin, rime thurse, ship-eater |
Icelandic | adj | - | Icelandish
person: Icelander |
icthyology | n | - | fishlore |
Id[] | |||
idea | n | shape; mind's eye; dream, mark; understanding, belief, thought, clue | athought (<OE geþóht)
thought-drop<br />thinkbilth (<NL denkbeeld), ettling plan: howe (<OE hogian), mindseye (popular compound) |
ideal | adj | shapelike, shapen | forthoughted (cf. Afrikaans voorbeeldig) |
ideology | n | line of thinking, train of thought | athoughtdom, athoughthood, athoughtlore, shapewords |
identical | adj | alike, selfsame, akin, same; even | - |
identify | vb | finger, betoken | - |
identity | n | sameness; selfhood | whoness, whohood |
ideology | n | belief | thoughtset, thoughtthede, mindset |
idiosyncrasy | n | quirk | - |
idolize | vb | worship, look up to, bow down before | - |
idiom | n | - | ownspeak (<OE agenspræc), folkword, folkwording |
idiot | n | blockhead, clot, dumbbell, half-wit, fathead, meathead, thickhead, dumbarse, dumbass, egg head, dumb (all informal) | witless, weak-wit, dwease (<OE dwæs) |
idiotic | n | weak-witted, addled, addled-brained, addled-headed, not-all-there, away in the head/mind, dry in the mind | |
idol | n | god | afgod, wigh (<OE wīġ) offgod (<OE afgod; cf. NHG Abgott) |
idolatry | n | worshipping | wighworthing (<OE wīġweorþung); afgodness
devilship (<OE deofolscipe) |
idolize | vb | worship, look up to, bow down before | - |
Ie[] | |||
i.e. | abbrev. | t.i. ~ that is | - |
If[] | |||
-ify | afx | be-, -en | -ledge (<OE -læcan) |
Ig[] | |||
igloo | n | - | icehouse
snowhouse (cf. IC snjóhús) |
ignis fatuus | n | will-o-the-wisp | wander light (cf. NL dwaallicht) |
ignite | vb | fire, tend, set alight; fire fang | latch fire |
ignorance | n | benightedness, carelessness, heedlessness, shunning, thoughtlessness, unknowing | shunhood, nittenness (<OE nytennes), unwit |
ignorance : when ignorance is bliss tis folly to be wise | phr | The less you know, the better you sleep. | - |
ignorant | adj | benighted, unaware, unlearned, unread, untaught | unwitty |
ignore | vb | unheed, forget, overlook, slight, slur over, | - |
iguana | n | - | comb athex (<NL kamhagedis & <OE aþexe), combask (cf. NL kamhagedis) |
Il[] | |||
ill-conceived | adj | - | ill-howed |
illegal | adj | unlawful, lawless, outlawed | unlet |
illegalise | vb | outlaw, forbid | - |
illegitimate | adj | misbegotten, unfathered, born out of wedlock, ill-gotten, unrightful, whore born | - |
illuminate | vb/n | brighten, shine on, shed light on; bathe, beacon, inlighten; unriddle; foreground, highlight | belight, onlight, forlighten |
illusion | n | daydream; misbelief, old wives' tale; shadow, ghost, witchcraft | dwild, dwimmer, brainshade (cf. NL hersenschim) |
illustrious | n | - | thrymfast/thrimfast (<OE þrymfæst) |
Im[] | |||
image | n | look alike, ringer, twin: likeness; mind's eye, frame | bilth (<OE biliþe, cf. NHG Bild, NL
beeld), bilthness (cf. NHG Bildnis), seen |
imagination | n | mind's eye, fathoming | moodseave (<OE módsefa), fathomhood
inbilthing (cf. NHG Einbildung) |
imaginative | adj | thoughtful | weenful, infinding, inbilthingly |
imagine | vb | fathom, see | reckon (dialect), ween (<OE wénan) |
imbecilic | adj | - | weak-headed |
imitate | vb |
ape; copy: follow on the footsteps of, take a leaf out of (someone's) book |
hure (<OE hȳrian)
pinchbeck, enliken |
imitation | n | - | likeness, fakery |
immaculate | adj | clean | unwem |
immanent | adj | inbuilt, handwired, inbred | - |
immature | adj | callow, youthful, green, flaw, unripe, childish | - |
immediately | adv | anon, forthwith, headlong, straight away (straightaway), henceforth, at once, now, right now | swithsoon, ayenow, rath(er)
eyeblinkly (cf. NHG augenblicklich) (see Eng. eyeblink) |
immense | adj | - | ermen (<OE eormen)
unamete (<ME unimēte); aver (<PG *abraz; cf. GO 𐌰𐌱𐍂𐍃) |
immensity | n | - | infillingness |
immerse | vb | drench, douse, soak, bathe | - |
immigrant | n | comer, incomer, newcomer, settler | inwanderer (Eng., cf. NHG Einwanderer, Nw. invandrare) |
imminent | adj | one the way, near-at-hand, nearing, forthcoming, oncoming, upcoming; threatening | unfrothering (cf. NL onveranderlijk, NHG unveränderlich) |
immoral | adj | dark, evil, rotten, sinful, wicked, wrong, unripe, unfledged, babyish |
thewless, gyltsome |
immortal | adj | deathless; everlasting, undying | undeadly, undeathly |
immortality | n | - | undeadliness, undeathliness |
immune | adj | - | orchease (<OE orceás), unwiteful, witherfile, withersmite |
immune (to) | adj | unfazed (by) | - |
immunity | n | orcheaseness (<OE or-ceásnes: 'immunity' freedom from strife/trouble) | Witherfileness, Withersmiteness |
immutable | adj | fixed, hard-and-fast | unwending |
impact | n | crash, strike, wallop: mark, sway. hit | thrack |
impair | vb | break, cripple, harm | - |
impale | vb | jab | - |
impart | vb | bequeath, bestow, give, share, make known, show, tell | formiddle (calque: NHG vermitteln), forlend (calque: NL verlenen), inshare (calque) |
impartial | adj | evenhanded, fairminded | unswayed |
impasse | n | deadlock, halt, standstill | - |
impassive | adj | cold-blooded; deadpan, empty, numb | - |
impede | vb | hinder | - |
impediment | n | - | hindering, hinderness |
impending | adj | - | drawing, nearing |
impenetrable | adj | - | evertight, unthursome |
imperative | adj | needed | case: bebidendly (<OE bebeodendlic, cf. NL gebiedend, NHG gebieterisch) |
imperfection | adj | - | unfulmaking |
imperial | adj | - | coaserly (<OE cāserlīc and akin to NHG kaiserlich) |
imperialism | n | - | overlordship, richdom |
impersonate | vb | give (oneself) off as | - |
impertinent | adj | bold; ill bred | ill-thewed |
implicate | adj | 2. inweave, twist, writhe | 1. inmeld |
implicit | adj | 1. unspoken, wordless, unsaid | 2. couth |
implement | vb | set | umsetting (calque: NHG Umsetzung) |
implode | vb | - | cleave in |
implore | vb | beseech, bid, beg | - |
imply | vb | hint, infold | ettle, bysay |
impolite | adj | rough, lewd, ill-bred, uncouth, ill-mannered, uncalled-for | ill-thewed |
import | vb | - | inferry (calque of Leeden) |
importance | n | greatness, heft, pith, weight, weightiness | aweightiness (cf. NHG Wichtigkeit) |
important | adj | big, far-reaching, foremost, outstanding, weighty, earthshattering, great | pithy, aweighty (cf. NHG gewichtig) |
importune | adj | - | mowly (<OE ġemāhlīc) |
importunity | n | - | mowliness (<OE ġemāhlīcnes), aileat (<PWG *agalaitī; cf. MHG ageleize) |
impose | vb | lay, put, set | onset (<OE onsettan) |
impossible | adj | hopeless, beyond bearing | unmaily (refer to NHG unmöglich 'impossible'; mögen is the NHG cognate of the verb yielding NE may), unmightly |
impregnate | v | - | onget (<OE ongēotan), withchild |
impress | vb | gladden, stun | inthrutch (<OE onþryccan), undrask (<ON undrask) |
impression | n | reckoning | inthrutch |
imprint | n | mark, stamp | inthrick |
imprison | vb | lock up | haft (<OE hæftan) |
impromptu | adj | offhand | - |
improper | adj | uncomely, unfit, untoward, unright, wrong, unbecoming | unright, unhende |
improve | vb | better, grow better, help, shape up | forbetter (cf. NHG sich verbessern) |
improvement | n | bettering, breakthrough | forbettering (cf. NHG Verbesserung) |
improvised | adj | makeshift, offhand | twoth-rigged |
impudence | n | cheek | aileat (<PWG *agalaitī) |
impudent | adj | shameless, cheeky | - |
impulse | n | boost, goad, yeast; bone, leaning, want | - |
impure | adj | unclean | - |
impurity | n | lewdness, unfreshness | uncountable: unsheerness
countable: wem (<ME wem) |
In[] | |||
in spite of | prep. | notwithstanding | - |
inaccurate | adj | untrue | wough (<OE wōh) |
inadvertent | adj | unwitting | - |
inalienable | adj | - | samefast |
inane | adj | mindless | - |
inanimate | adj | heedingless, still | unbesouled (cf. NL onbezield) |
inappropriate | adj | unbecoming, unfit, untoward | unbeseeming |
inattentive | adj | - | fary (cf. NHG fahrig) |
inaudible | adj | - | unhearsome, swanless, unheard |
incalculable | adj | untold | unreckonly |
incantation | n | - | galdercwide, galderquide (<OE galdorcwide) |
in case | conj | lest, for fear that, the less | - |
incapable | adj | - | undowly (cf. NHG untauglich) |
inception | n | birth, dawn, onset, outset | - |
incest | n | inbreeding | - |
incident | n | hap, happening, befall, befalling | - |
incise(sion) | vb/n | cut, slit | snithe(ing) (<OE sniþan) |
incisive | adj | cutting | snithing |
incite | vb | spur, goad, egg | fuse (<ME fusen) |
inclination | n |
leaning, tilt, bowing desire: wish, need, craving, yearning |
- |
incline | vb | sway, lower, bow, stoop, tip, lean | - |
inclined | adj | given, likely, willing, ready | swayed towards |
include | vb | hold in | yin (<OE geinnian) |
incompassionate | adj | ruthless, heartless, cold, hard-hearted, cold-hearted | - |
incomplete | adj | underdone, less than whole, unfulfilled, unwhole, underwhole, unfullworked | - |
inconsiderate | adj | thoughtless, uncaring, unthinking, careless, ruthless, reckless | - |
incorporate | vb | knit, meld, mingle, mix | - |
incorrect | adj | wrong, wide of the mark; unfit, untoward; off, untrue | - |
increase | vb | heap, eke, wax, greaten, fatten, mickle, blossom; grow; swell up; rise, snowball, oker, build up; forthwax, biggen, manifold, clive (OED) | (w)ooker (<OE wōcor) formoren (cf. NHG vermehren) |
increasingly | adv | more and more, risingly | - |
incredible | adj | - | unlieveful |
incursion | n | raid, inroad | - |
incus | n | anvil | earanvil, anvilbone |
indebted | adj | owing, beholden | - |
indecent | adj | shameless, unseemly, shameful, unsightful | - |
indecisive | adj | wavering, in two minds, swithering, halting, half-hearted, half-minded | unmeting |
indelicate | adj | heavy handed, stern, gruff | - |
independent | adj | free, self-standing | unoffhanging (cf. NHG unabhängig, NL onafhankelijk), insibful (based on OE sib, in the sense of "peace, relation") |
independence | n | freedom,
individuality: selfness |
self-standingness, insibness (based on OE sib, in the sense of "peace, relation"), unoffhanglihood, inoffhanglihood (calque: NL onafhankelijkheid) |
indispendable | adj | - | undo-without |
inferior nasal concha | n | - | lower nosely spinner |
India | n | - | Indland
Ealand (India is ultimately named after the Indus river; Indus comes from Sanskrit síndhu meaning river) |
indicate | vb | bespeak; flag up, betoken, show | ward to |
indication | n | hint, clue, mark, inkling | betokening, waywarding |
indifference | n | onesideness | - |
indifferent | adj/adv | adj: careless, onesided, aloof
adv: fairly |
- |
indigenous | adj | - | inlandish (<OE inlendisċ) |
indigent | adj | needy, down at heel | - |
indignity | n | brickbat, slap, slight, slur | - |
indigo | n | woad | eadye |
indirect object (grammar) | n | - | selfstanding ware, asidely ware |
indiscriminated | adj | swoopstake, wholesale, hit-or-miss | allwardly, manywardly |
indisposed | adj | 2. unsound, unwell, laid up | 1. unleaning |
individual | adj | indirectly: asidely
selfstanding |
onelepy (<OE ánlípe, ánlípig) |
individual | n | - | onelepy, onelepling (<OE ánlípe "individual" + -ling, cf. the general form of IC/Far. einstaklingur), one, yea-one |
individualism | n | selfdom | - |
indivisible | adj | - | uncleavesome. uncleaveworthy |
indoctrinate | vb | brainwash | mindwash |
indolent | adj | idle, shiftless, slothful, lazy | lat (<OE læt) |
induce | vb | beget, breed, draw on, set off, give rise to, make, bring out, bring, lead to, enkindle, whip up | beweigh (cf. NL bewegen, NHG bewegen) |
indulgence | n | kindness |
milts, foregiveness (<OE); religion: offlet (cf. NHG Ablass) |
industrial action | n | strike | - |
industrious | adj | yielding, working | - |
inebriate | vb | - | overdrink (<OE oferdrincan) |
inebriated | adj | drunk, smashed, blasted, baked, half-cut, hopped up | - |
ineffable | adj | nameless, unspeakable | - |
ineffective | adj | hamstrung, bad, | unworksome, unhardworking, |
inept | adj | clueless, unhandy, clumsy, bad | - |
inert | adj | still, lifeless, idle, undoing, bloodless | unshrithing (shrithe) |
inertia | n | - | idlehood (cf. NL traagheid; NHG Trägheit) |
inevitable | adj | - | unformithely (cf. NHG unvermeidlich) |
inexperience | n | - | unlivedness |
inexperienced | adj | unfledged, callow, raw, green, | - |
infamous | adj | shameful, ill-named, unworthy | - |
infamy | n | shamefulness, lowstanding, ill-name, bad name | are (<OE ár "honor") |
infancy | n | bairnhood, childhood, cradle-hood | - |
infant | n | newborn, cradle-child, suckling | bairn |
infanticide | n | - | bairnslaughter |
infantile | adj | childish | bairnsome |
infantilize | vb | - | bechild |
infatuate | vb | makes one lust | - |
infatuation | n | lust | - |
infect | vb | - | smittel |
infection | n | - |
insmiting of the ear: earcothe (<OE ēarcoðu) |
infectious | adj | catching, spreading | smittelsome |
infer | vb | deem, gather, make out, see | ettel |
inferior | n/adj | lower, nether; mean; shoddy, worse | - |
infernal | adj | fiendish, hellish, wicked, underhanded, evil, ill, hateful, all-fired | - |
inferno | n | hell, hellfire, fire | - |
infertile | adj | barren, unbearing | geld, unteeming, untudderfast |
infidelity | n | bed-swerving, two-timing | wedbreach |
infinite | adj | boundless, endless, everlasting, never-ending, timeless, unbounded, unmetely, unrim, untold, without end | unendly (Eng., cf. NHG unendlich), allish |
infinitive | adj | - | unendingly (<OE ungeendigendlic) |
infinity | n | everlasting, everlastingness, foreverness, unendingness | unendlihood (cf. NHG Unendlichkeit) |
infirmed | adj | sickly, unhealthy, wanhale | - |
infirmity | n | bedriddenness | |
inflate | vb | blow up, fill | forblow, andblow (cf. IC and-blásinn) |
inflection | n | abeadness | |
influence | vb/n | n: inflood
vb: sway, shape, work on |
n: inwork (cf. NHG Einwirkung)
onwork (cf. SW påverkan) ondeed (cf. SW påverkan) tease, atease (cf. OE getæsan, a- is in the meaning of "in" or "on" influenced by NHG Einwirkung in order to replace OE ge-, which isn't found in modern English) vb: onwork (cf. SW påverka) |
inflict | vb | lay on, wreak, mete out, deal out, deal | - |
influx | n | inflow | - |
infographic | n | slideshow | knowbilthish (knowledge + Yiddish bilderish) |
inform | vb | enlighten, keep abreast, let know, tell | - |
informal | adj | loose | - |
informant | n | deep throat, fink, nark, snitcher, telltale, whistleblower | teller |
information | n | knowledge, tidings, insight | knowhood |
infrastructure | n | backbone | - |
infrequent | n | seldcome | - |
infringe | vb | - | overbreak (<OE oferbrecan) |
infringement | n | lawbreaking | - |
infuriate | adj | foaming, shirty, teed-off, wroth, madden | - |
infuse | vb | inset, input, inlay | inbirl |
ingenious | adj | clever, skillful, smart, crafty | orthankly (<OE orþanclic), overmindle |
ingenuity | n | cleverness | orthink, overmind |
ingest | vb | tuck, down, swallow | - |
ingredient | n | - | stockdeal (liken unto WF bestândiel) |
inhabit | vb | dwell, abide, wone in, inwone, live in | alive, erde, bewone, ern, indwell |
inhabitance | n | abode, dwelling, | indwelling, erding (erding in sorrow), erdingstow, inwoning, erning |
inhabitant | n | dweller, abider, |
indweller (Scots) erd-folk, bewoner, inwoner, ern-folk (<OE ærn 'house, habitation') |
inhale | vb | breathe in, draw in, suck | - |
inherent | adj | built-in, inborn, inbred, indwelling | - |
inherit | vb | get, take, come into | erve (<OE ierfian) |
inheritance | n | birthright | erve (<OE ierfe), ervewardness (<OE ierfeweardnes), earf, earfdeal, ervedeal, birthright, birthdom, birth-hood |
inimical | adj | foesome, harmful, unfriendly | fiendly (cf. NHG feindlich) |
iniquity | n | - | unrightdom |
initial | adj | first, beginning, early | form (obsolete; <OE forma) |
initiate | vb | start, begin, bring on, bring up, goad, spur | - |
injection | n | hypodermic: shot, other: jab | inshot, needleprick |
injure | vb | harm, wound, break, scathe | dere (<OE derian, archaic ME deren), forwound |
injurious | adj | - | shathy (<OE sceaþig) |
ink | n | black (It's attested, the color was "swarth", and it is still used in Scandinavia for "ink") | bookblack (<OE bócblæc) |
inkhorn terms/words | n | - | share-words |
innate | adj | built-in, hardwired, inbred | - |
innocence | n | greenness, guiltlessness, youth | billwhiteness |
innocent | adj | sinless, harmless, white | unshildy, bilewit (<OE bile-wit), baneless
sakeless (<OE saclēas and <ME sā̆klē̆s) |
innocuous | adj | white, harmless, baneless | - |
innovate | vb | - | benew, new |
innovation |
n | brainchild | benewing, newing, newmaking |
innovative | adj | clever, groundbreaking | benewerly, benewsome, infinding, newsome |
innovator | n | groundbreaker, trendsetter | benewer, newmaker |
inquietude | n | - | wanrest |
inquire | vb | into: dig into, delve into, delve into, ask | frain, fraign, frayn (<OE fregen), afrain (<ME afrainen) |
insane | adj | bats, mad, unsound, crazed, brainsick, thoughtless, brainless, crank, having a screw loose, out of one's mind, waning away, | Braincranky, Brainsickened, Braincranked |
insanity | n | thoughtlessness, brainlessness, crankiness, unsoundness, madness, | - |
inscribe | vb | inwrite, write | - |
insect | n | bug | midge (<OE mygg, mycg) widge, wig (<OE wicga, cf. earwig) carvedeer (<OE ceorfdēor, cf. LG karvdeer, NHG Kerbtier) |
insecure | adj | unsafe: naked, bare, careless, uncareful; unshielded, badly shielded, unwarded, badly warded; unconfident/suspicious: careful, wary, watchful, mindful | unsicker (cf. WF ûnsiker, NF ünseeker (Sylt), NF onsääker (Halligen), SF uunseker, NHG unsicher) |
insecurity | n | bad protection: nakedness, carelessness, bad shielding, bad warding;
suspicion: care, carefulness, wariness, watchfulness, mindfulness |
unsickerhood (cf. NHG Unsicherheit)
unwishood(cf. NHG Ungewissheit) (see wis) |
insensitive | adj | unfeeling, unfeelsome, heartless, hard | - |
inseparable | adj | bound (up), hand-in-hand, forever one, thick | unshedsome |
insert | vb | input, inset, put, put in | - |
insignificant | noun | meaningless | - |
insincere | adj | hollow, hollow-hearted, unsoothfast, unsoothful, untruthfast, untruthsome, untruthful, untrue | unluter (OE hlutor) |
insist | vb | stand one's ground | bestand (cf. NHG bestehen) |
insomnia | n | sleeplessness | sleep-stealer |
inspect(ion) | vb/n | inlook(ing) | speering |
inspiration | n | brainchild, brainwave | inblowing beghastness, inbreath, insouling |
inspire | vb | beghast | inblow (<OE inblowan) |
install | vb | put in, set up, fit | onstell (<OE onstellan) |
instance | n | hap, byfall, befall, happening | eyeblink |
instantly | adv | at once, forthwith, swith, now, right now | eyeblickly, eyeblinkly (NHG augenblicklich) |
instigate | vb | fire up, goad, kindle, rouse, stir up, spur | fuse (<ME fusen) |
institute | vb | set up | stight, onstall |
institution | n | body | - |
instruct |
vb | teach; wise up, tell what to do | beleer |
instruction(s) |
n | behest, word |
wiseheedings, forewritings outlay (cf. Du uitleg) |
instrument | n | tool, means | harp (<OE) |
insulin | n | - | oelib (<ME oe & <ME lybb) (see islet.) |
insult | v | slight | beskimp (cf. beschimpfen) (see schimpfen) |
insult | n | slight, slur, lambast, roast | heash
beskimping (cf. NHG Beschimpfung) |
insurance | n | - | healing (<OE helan 'to cover')
munding/mounding (<OE mundian 'to protect, shelter, guard') berrying (<OE beorgan ' to save, preserve') |
insurgent | n/adj | red, upriser | - |
insurrection | n | uprising, outbreak | - |
intact | adj | unharmed, whole | unrined (cf. Eng. untouched) |
integer | n | whole tel; being | - |
integrity | n | - | unbrokehood (from Minecraft) |
intellectual | n | egghead, highbrow, longhair | - |
intellectual | adj | highbrowed, long-haired | capacity: anget |
intelligence | n | brains; keenness, wit, braininess, brightness, cleverness, insight |
anget (<OE andgiet) forwittleness (<OE forwitolnes) moodcraft (<OE módcræft) orthank (<OE orþanc) rede (<OE rǽd) (reason) snitter (<OE snyttru) |
intelligent | adj | brainy, bright, clever, nimble, keen, sharp-witted, high-witted, insightful. | andgetful (<OE andgitful), gaumish
moodcrafty (<OE módcræftig) wisefast (<OE wísfæst) |
intelligible | adj | that can be understood, that can be fathomed | fathomsome |
intend | vb | look, mean, want, will; be of (a) (good) mind (to) | mint, ettle
offsight (cf. NHG beabsichtigen) |
intense | adj | fearful; warm-blooded, frought | - |
intention/ intent | n | - |
ettling, offsight (cf. NHG Absicht) ontighting (<OE ontyhtung) |
intentionally | adv | knowingly | - |
inter | vb | lay, put away | - |
inter- | pfx | in-, between- | middle- (<OE middel-) tween- |
interact | vb/n | n: dealings | withwork |
intercede | vb | come/go between/betwixt | inbreak |
intercept | vb | forset, waylay, pick off, stop, thwart, run in to, shut off |
fang off (cf. NHG abfangen), forride (<OE forrīdan) |
interdict | vb | forbid | - |
interfere | vb | pry, thwart | - |
intergovernmental | adj | - | tweenredeshiply |
interjection | n | inset | - |
interest | vb | grip |
indraw, inwrap, intryst (phonosemantic calque) |
interest | n | share, stake; weal, well-being; business, outfit, reck, lean | money: wassomshat (<OE wæstmsceatt), intryst (phonosemantic calque), indrawnness, indraw |
interesting | adj | gripping, newsworthy | heeding, indrawing, mindwheting
intrysting (phonet. calque) |
interim/interval | n | midtime, (long) far-between, midwhile | - |
interior | n | inside, inner, inliness | - |
intermediary | n | go-between, middleman | - |
intermission | n | break, stop-over/stopover | tweentide, tweenforletness (OE) |
intermittent(ly) | adj/adv | fitful(ly), broken(ly), stop-and-go, shifting(ly), sometimes, hit-or-miss, on and off | inbetweenish(ly) |
intern | n | inworker, helper | - |
internal | adj | inland, inner, inner-bodily, inside | twixfack (OE) |
international | n/adj | worldwide, lands amongst |
altheedish |
Internet | n | (World Wide) Web, Net, Wired | tweenet, twixnet, farwirer |
interpol | n | worldwatcher | - |
interpret | vb | unriddle, play | retch (<ME arecchen) |
interrobang | n | - | shrieking askmark, striking frainmark, ask-bang/ ask-shriek (calque) |
interrogate | vb | ask (about) | befrain (cf. NHG befragen; see frain), fraise (<OE frāsian) |
interrogation | n | - | fraising (<OE frāsung) |
interrogative (grammar) | adj | - | askingly |
interrupt | vb | break in, cut in | break off (cf. WF ôfbrekke, SW avbryta, DN afbryde) |
interruption | n | breather, break | - |
intersection | n | - | thwarsing (cf. Eng. crossing) |
intervention | n | - | inbreak |
interview | v | - | befrain (cf. NHG befragen) |
interview | n | talk, hearing, meeting, call | see frain
|
intestine | n | tharm, gut, innards | -insides |
intimacy | n | warmth, warm friendship, near friendship | - |
intimate | adj | - | couthly (<OE cūþlīc and <ME cǒuthlīch) |
intoxicate | vb | - | bedrunken (cf. NHG betrunken) |
intoxicating | adj | heady, breathtaking, heart-stopping, stirring | - |
intoxication | n | drunkenness; cloud nine | bedrunkenhood (cf. NHG Betrunkenheit) |
introduce | vb | bring up, set forth, put forward; lead in; make known, inbring | propose: foreset
forestell (calque of Ger. speeches) |
introduction | n | lead-in | - |
introspection | n | - | inlook |
introvert | n | - | ingoer |
introverted | adj | - | ingoing, inwardsome |
intuition | n | gut-feeling | inner knowing |
inundate | vb | - | overfleed (<OE oferflēdan) |
invade | vb | overrun | - |
invader | n | - | overrunner |
invaluable | adj | (most) dear | yealief, yeadear, uncheap, forworthy |
invariably | adv | always | - |
invasion | n | raid | infall, herefare, inslaught, streaming, inthrong, inthronging |
invent | vb | make up, make, come up with, fangle |
infind afind (calque of NHG erfinden) |
invention | n | fangleness |
findle (<OE findel) |
inventor | n | fangler |
infinder, afindand (<OE onfindend) |
inventory | n | goodslist | - |
inverted | adj | - | abough (<PG *abuhaz; whence NHG äbich), awk (obsolete; <ON ǫfugr) |
invest | vb | forset, plough into | - |
investigate | vb | sift, delve into |
spir/speer (<OE spyrian "make a track, go; ask about), nease, unwhelm, underseek (<OE undersēcan) |
investigator | n | - | spirrend/speeriand (<OE spyrigend "investigator, inquirer"), underseeker |
investigation | n | - | speering, neasing, underseeking |
investor | n | shareholder, stakeholder | - |
inveterate | adj | abiding, deep-rooted, hardened, lifelong, long-lived, settled | - |
invincible | adj | - | unbeatsome (cf. Eng. unbeatable) |
inviolable | adj | hallowed, holy | - |
invisible | adj | - | unseesome |
invitation | n | - | lathing (<OE laðung, cf. NHG Einladung) |
invite | n/vb | greet, call for, call upon (cf. Arabic دعا) | n: inlath
vb: inlath (<OE inlaðian, cf. NHG einladen) |
involve | vb | take in, whelm | - |
involuntary | adj | will-less | - |
Io[] | |||
ion | n | - | streammote |
ionosphere | n | - | streamlayer |
iota | n | beans, whit | - |
Ip[] | |||
ipe/ipê | n | - | bow-wood (calque of Portuguese pau d'arco)
greenheart (cf. NL groenhart) |
ipseity | n | ass, selfhood | - |
Ir[] | |||
irascible | adj | prickly, edgy, wild-witted, churlish, bearish, outburstish, highly-strung, wrathy, wrongheaded, cranksome | hothearted (< OE hātheort + -ed) |
ire | n | wrath, anger | - |
iridescence | n | shimmering; glistening; gleaming | - |
iris | n | eyebow | - |
irony | n | - | witherweening (logical combining of wither "anti" and weening "expectation"), wrying |
irrational | adj | groundless, unfounded, ill-founded, silly, | - |
irregular | adj | broken, uneven | wending, frothering |
irrelevant | adj | without bearing, bearingless, unakinly | unbearing |
irresponsible | adj | reckless, heedless, careless, thoughtless, unmindful, unthinking, unanswerly | - |
irrigate | vb | water | - |
irritate | vb | irk, gall | each (<PG *aikijaną, cf. NO eikja?) |
irritating | adj | irksome, swinksome | - |
Is[] | |||
ischium | n | - | seatbone |
-ise | sfx | ledge (<OE -læcan), -ly, make — | - |
isle | n | island, holm, oe | iland, aitland, ait, eyot (small island, key), ealand, -ey (used as a place name suffix) |
islet | n | ait, eyot, iling | holm |
-ism | sfx | - | general abstractum: -dom
general belief system or school of thought: -belief (cf. NHG -glaube) political doctrine/policy: -stem (cf. IC stefna) belief system associated with a person, place, etc.: -ishness, -ish belief belief system as a religious or political establishment/realm: -dom belief as faith: -troth |
isobar | n | - | evenweight (iso-even + bar-weight) |
isocracy | n | - | evenship |
isolate | vb | cut off, sunder | cleave off |
isolation | n | loneliness, alonehood, asideness | forlethood (cf. NHG Verlassenheit), only-edoffness, offonly-edness |
isotope | n | - | evenstell (iso-even + tope-stell) |
issue | n | - | inting (<OE intinga) |
isthmus | n | - | eed (<ON eið) |
It[] | |||
italic (font) | n | - |
slantwrite |
-ite | sfx | - | -stone |
-ite | sfx | - | -salt |
item | n | thing | - |
itinerary | n | - | forebook (<OE fōrbōc) pl: forebeech (<OE fōrbēc) |
Iv[] | |||
-ive | sfx | -y | - |
ivory | n | tusk | elpbone (cf. NHG Elfenbein) |
Iz[] | |||
-ize | sfx | be-, -en | -ledge (<OE -læcan) |