Staff J of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- PG = Or-theedish
- SC = Scots
- SW = Swedish
- Dan. = Danish
- ON = Old Norse
- OS = Old Saxon
- NHG = New Hightheech
- IC = Icelandish
- H.IC = High Icelandish
- Du. = Netherlandish
- Fris. = Freesish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
| Chancery English | Class | Anglish/English | ||
| Attested | Unattested | |||
| Jack o'Lantern | n | will-o-the-wisp, foxfire, wildfire, marshlight | Jack o'Lightvat
marrowhead (cf. Dan. græskarhoved) Halloween-marrow (cf. NHG Halloween-Kürbis) | |
| jaguar | n | spoted cat, truenicker (calque of Tupi-Guarani yaguareté) | ||
| jail | n | lockup | fanghouse; carcern, dimhouse, fastern, wittern 2. slang terms: slough, blackhouse, iron-house | |
| jam | n | Madefruit (German:Fruchteingemachte), mush (German), Sylt (Swedish) | -sweetspread, as strawberry, raspberry, quince, chokeberry sweetspread etc. | |
| jamais vu | n | - | neverseen | |
| janitor | n | caretaker | - | |
| January | n | - | Afteryule (OE), Frostmonth (cf. OHG Härtemonat), Foremonth (<W.Fr. Foarmoanne) Afteryulemonth | |
| Japan | n | Land of the rising sun | Dawnland, Sunland | |
| jar | n | urn (from Latin "urna") | glass (cf. NHG Glas), pot | |
| jargon | n | shoptalk, speak | craftspeech (<OE cræftspræc) | |
| jaundiced | adj | sallow | - | |
| je ne sais quoi | n | God-knows-what | I-know-not, I-know-not-what | |
| jealous | adj | green-eyed | andy (<OE andig), ellenhetten (<ellenhette + -en) nithy (<OE niþ), nitheful (<OE níþful), swartsick (<SW svartsjuk) | |
| jealous person | n | - |
andi(wo)man, ellenhettenwere, ellenhetten(wo)man female: ellenhettenfraw (<ellenhetten + fraw, <NHG "Frau", woman), andifraw benither, nither (cf. NHG Beneider, Neider) | |
| jealousy | n | heartburn | andiness, ellenhette (<OE ellenhete)
nith (<OE niþ) nithness (OE niþ+ness) | |
| Jehovah | n | Almighty, Everlasting, Father, Godhead, Lord | Allfather, Life's Weaver, Dryghten (or Drithen), Worldshaper | |
| jelly | n | - | Silt (Swedish:sylt) | |
| jellyfish | n | sea nettle | seanettle | |
| jester | n | funniman, gleeman | - | |
| Jesus | n | Lamb of God, Healer, | Ihesu (<ME), Hæland (<OE, German) Ihesu, Jesu (<ME) | |
| jewel | n | rock slang | hurst (<OE), arkenstone (<OE eorcnanstān) | |
| jingoism | n | - | wyetheedishness | |
| jinx | n | mishap | wanlucker | |
| job | n | errand, chore, berth, business, work second: bywork | char | |
| join | vb | link, fit, fay, tie | - | |
| join | vb | meet, go in, come in | ||
| joint | n | limb, lith | - | |
| joke | n | prat, one-liner, | wit (<OE witt,); witshard. | |
| jolly | adj | blithe, gleeful, mirthful, merry | - | |
| jötunn | n | ettin (OED) | ||
| journal | n | logbook, daybook | - | |
| journalism | n | news | logkeeping, logcraft, loggership, newscraft | |
| journalist | n | newsman | bewriter, logger, logkeeper, logwriter | |
| journey | n | ramble, wayfaring, fare | reys, ferd (<ME, cf. NHG fahrt); taught, tought, taughtkin, toughtkin (cf. Du. tocht, -je), widesith | |
| jovial | adj | blithe, gleeful, merry, mirthful | eady | |
| joy | n | gladness, warm fuzzles, mirth, lust, blitheness, glee | winne, faining, listing, | |
| joyful | adj | blissful, pleased, tickled, mirthful, merry, gleeful, blithe | eady, faining, listing, reemful (OE hremig) | |
| Judaism | n | - | Jewdom (German:Judentum) | |
| judge | vb | settle; call, make, reckon; gather, make out: deem, hold | hiler (<OE heolorian) | |
| judge | n | deemer (<OE dēma), deemster | lawlord, hilerand | |
| judgment | n | doom, finding, holding; call; belief, eye, mind; fix, deemship, ordeal | ||
| judicious | adj | wise | doomwise | |
| juggernaut | n | drive, push | - | |
| juice | n | sap, wos; alne (OED, ‘energy’), fire | - | |
| juice up | vb | fire, liven up | - | |
| jukebox | n | - | songbox, swinbox, gleambox, gleebox | |
| July | n | - | Meadowmonth(<OE mead), Meadmonth (<OE), Afterlithe, Haymonth | |
| jump | vb | leap, spring, hop | - | |
| June | n | - | Midsummermonth < OE, Erelith (<OE Ærra Līþa), Solmonth, Fallowmonth | |
| jungle | n | whirlpool, madhouse, snaggle; weed garden | orweald (cf. Du. oerwoud, NHG Urwald); weed weald, weed wold; wild weald; choke weald, werrow (calque from ‘werewolf’) weald | |
| junior | adj | younger, youth, young, underling | - | |
| jurisdiction | n | law, lawhood | leedred (<OE leodræden) | |
| jury | n | oath-takers | deemteam (<OE dēma + team) | |
| just | adj | fair, right, evenhanded; reckoned; straight, upright | - | |
| just | adv | barely, hardly, slightly; but, only; fully, rightly, sharply; nearly, lately, even
"I just saw that": only now, anowly, benowly | nar (cf. NHG nur) | |
| just about | adj | almost | sowhat (so + what) (cf. Du. zowat) | |
| justice | n | fair shake, fairness, rightfulness, rightness | righthood | |
| justification | n | grounds | begrounding (cf. NHG begründung) | |
| justified | adj | well-grounded; reckoned, reckoned right; rightened | begrounded (cf. NHG begründet) | |
| justify | vb | uphold, reckon, righten | soothfasten (<OE sóþfæst)
beground (cf. NHG begründen) | |
| juvenile | adj | young; green, unfledged, unripened | - | |
| juvenile | n | youngster, youth, stripling | frumbeardling | |
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