Staff P of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- PG = Or-theedish
- SC = Scots
- SW = Swedish
- Dan. = Danish
- ON = Old Norse
- OS = Old Saxon
- NHG = New Hightheech
- IC = Icelandish
- H.IC = High Icelandish
- Du. = Netherlandish
- Fris. = Freesish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
| Chancery English | Class | Anglish/English | |
| Attested | Unattested | ||
| pabulum | n | fodder, food of thought | - |
| pace | vb/n | speed; step, walk, stride, tread | skeeth (cf Ic. skeið) |
| pacifier | n | soother | - |
| pacifist | n | dove | frithweaver, unfighter |
| package | n | wrapping | - |
| paddle | n | oar | - |
| pagan | n | heathen | - |
| paganism | n | heathendom | - |
| page | n | side, sheet, leaf; knave, boy, helper, thane |
trammet (<OE tramet), leafside |
| pacify | vb | allay | smolten, befrith |
| pain | n | smart(ing), soreness, acheness, sorrow, care, teen(e) (obsolete), warch/wark (obsolete; k-form may be due to influence from Norse), woe | |
| painful | adj | acheful, nasty, sore, harsh, harrowing, smarting | - |
| paint | n | dye |
farb (<OE færbu) |
| paint | vb | mete (obsolete, but in the OED), dye, stroke | fay (<OE fǽgan), mete/meet (<OE (ámétan), meal (<OE mǽlan) |
| painting | n | meting (obsolete) | dyework, mealwork (cf. Ic. málverk) |
| pair | n | twain, twin, set | - |
| pajamas | n | - | nightclothes (cf. Ic. náttföt) |
| palace | n | hall | kingshouse, kingshome
kinghove (<OE cynehof), king's dwelling, sale (related to salon) |
| palate | n | roof of the mouth, gums’ roof |
gums/goom (<OE góma') |
| palatine bone | n | gums’ bone | gumsbone, goombone, roofbone |
| pale | adj | bleach, dull, fallow, light, washed-out; ashen, doughy, mealy, wan | - |
| pale | n | wall, weir | - |
| paleo- | pfx | ere- | ur-, or- |
| paleography | n | old writing | ur-/orwritelore, erewritlore |
| paleolithic | adj | - | ur-/orstonely, orstonish |
| paleontology | n | - | ur/orwightlore, erewritlore |
| palindrome | n | - | crabword, drowword |
| palisade | n | - | stakehedge, stakewall, stakework boardwall (<OE bredweall), stavewall, stickwall |
| palliate | vb | whitewash, soothe | - |
| pallid | adj | ashen, doughy, mealy, wan, ghastly, grey, bleak, white, sickly, ill | - |
| palmtree | n | - | folmtree, handtree |
| palmary | adj | - | heriworthy |
| palpitate | vb | throb | - |
| pamphlet | n | flyer, folder, leafling | leafel |
| panacea | n | heal-all (not common, but in OED) | allheal (calque) |
| pancreas | n | - | sweet kernel |
| pancreas (when used as a food) | n | gut bread | - |
| panda bear | n | - | (greater) catbear,
eastern bear, eyeshadowbear |
| pandemonium | n | - | hexkettle (cf. Du. heksenketel)
alfiendness (calque) |
| panderer | n | bedbroker | |
| panel | n | shield, screen, board | - |
| Pangaea | n | - | Alland (all + land; calque) |
| pangolin | n | - | shaledeer (calque) |
| panic | n | fright, elfshot | wode, wodening |
| panorama | n | - | allsight; roundsight (cf. NHG Rundblick)
umsight (see um-) |
| Panthalassa | n | - | Allsea (all + sea; calque), Worldsea |
| pants | n | breeches, britches, shorts, leggings, hosen, strides, slacks, legwear | - |
| pants, under- | n | undies, underwear, drawers | netherlings, underkegs |
| papaya | n | - | blasterapple (calque of Cuban Spanish "fruta bomba") |
| paper | n |
leaf, sheet, looseleaf | blade ('paper' in OE (from Latin) means papyrus*) |
| papier-mâché | n | - | sheetmash, mashed sheet |
| para- | suffix | over- | yond- |
| parable | n | likeness, byword | - |
| parachute | n |
fallward (calque of French parachute, para (defense against) + chute (a fall) | fall catcher
fallshirm (cf. NHG. Fallschirm, Du. valscherm) |
| paraclete | n | - | forverghost (<OE forforgast) |
| paradise | n | heaven, the afterlife | fairyard, narxenwong (newtiding of OE neorxnawang; c.f. dark < OE deorc); blessed abode |
| paradisiacal | adj | heavenly | heavenlike, narxenwongly |
| parallel | adj | alongside; akin, matching | getherwended, withstraight |
| parallelogram | n | - | sides alongside; akinside |
| paralyzed(ysis) | adj/n | lame(ness), lamed | - |
| paramour | n | lover | leman |
| paranoia | n | great fear, maddening fear; mistrust | mad mistrust |
| paranoid | n | - | mad misgiver, overmistruster |
| paranormal | adj | witchcraft, otherwordly; nithe, nicor | nitheness; overmean |
| paranthesis | n | inputmark, sidemark | |
| paraphrase | n/vb | - | n. edwording
vb. edword |
| parasite | n | bloodsucker, free rider | sidefeeder (calque of Gk. parasitos, para (beside) + sitos (food) |
| parasitism | n | bloodsucking, freeriding | sidefeeding |
| parasol | n | sunshade | - |
| parchment | n | bookfell | - |
| parent | n | elder, father or mother, childrearer | kennen, akenend (OE cennend), may (OE mǣġ) |
| parenting | n | elderhood, childrearing, raising children/a child | - |
| parenthesis | n | - | breeches |
| parents | n | elders, folks | kennen; akennends, akends (OE cennend), and (OE mǣġas) mays |
| par excellence | n | better than others, best of its kind | by outstandingness (calque) |
| pariah | n | outcast, castoff, black sheep | - |
| parietal bone | n | - | skullwall |
| parish | n | - | bedeshire |
| park | n | - | ersh (<OE ersc)
parrock, eddish (not exact: yard, field) deerton/deertown (<OE déortún) |
| parliament | n | witenagemot (bygone word from OE) | folkthing (cf. Dan. Folketinget), stourthing (cf. Nor. Storting), lawthing (cf. SW Lagting), allthing (cf. IC Althing)
ledeward, lawmoot, landmoot (there were shire moots, so this is the whole land) rikesday (cf. NHG Reichstag, SW Riksdagen), rikesrede (cf. NHG Reichsrat) forsamening (cf. NHG versammlung), rikesforsamening (cf. NHG reichsversammlung) |
| parrot | n | - | bleefowl |
| parsimonious | adj | mean, stinting, tightfisted | flint-skinning |
| parsley | n | - | crispleaf |
| part | n | deal, share, bit | - |
| part | vb | split, break, sunder | - |
| partake | vb | have, take with | bytake, dealnim; thie (<OE þicgan; c.f. lie < licgan, buy < bycgan) |
| partial | n | some | bent (on), slanted (toward) |
| participate | vb | join in, do with, leap in | dealnim (<OE dælniman) |
| participation | n | - |
join in, joining in dealnimhood, dealnimness in the Eucharist: mansomeness |
| participant | n | - | join in, dealnimmer |
| participle | n | - | dealnimmand (<OE dælnimand); bitling. |
| particle | n | mote, bit, crumb, mite, nip, shed; fleck, flyspeck, snip | wordling grammar |
| particularly | adv | namely, above all, all the more, at length, ever so, in the main, more than ever | hure (<OE huru), sunderly |
| partition | n | wall, wough | - |
| partner | vb/n | mate |
in crime: wisithe (<OE wīġesīþ) |
| parturition | n | childbirth, birthing | - |
| party | n | gathering, fungathering, merrymaking, bash | - |
| parvenu | n | upstart | - |
| pascal | adj | - | tholing |
| pass | vb | overtake, overstep
hand over, give | undergo (cf. NHG untergehen) |
| passage | n | path, way, pathway, footway, footpath | extract: plucking |
| passage of time | n | flow of time | timeflow |
| passenger | n | faregoer | faregest (cf. NHG Fahrgast)
byfarer |
| passion | n | love | love-fire, feel-fire, lithenship (< NHG Leidenschaft) |
| Passion (Christianity) | n | - | Lithen (< NHG Leiden)
Lithe |
| passive | adj | idle | throwendly (<OE þrowiendlic) |
| Passover | n | - | Easter |
| passport | n | - | wayleave, fareford, trekford |
| past | n/adj | bygone, forgone, former, last | forthwist (<OE forðgewitan), forganghood (<NHG vergangenheit), forgonehood / forgoneness, foretide (cf. IC fortíð) forebye (cf NHG. vorebei |
| pasta | n | noodle, starch | starchfood |
| pasture | n | grassland, lea, meadow, field | leasow |
| patella | n | kneecap | - |
| paternal | adj | fatherly | - |
| Paternoster | n | Our Father | Lord's Bead |
| Patisserie | n | Sugarbakery | Konditorei, Sugarbakery (German:Zuckerbäckerei ,Swedish:sockerbageri), thus Sugarbaker (German:Zuckerbäcker) for both pastry chef and confectioner as per German. |
| pathetic | adj | rueful, ruthful, sad | - |
| pathos | n | sadness | - |
| patience | n | forbearing(ness) | thild (<OE geþyld, cf. NHG Geduld) moodthwearness (<OE módþwǽrnes) |
| patient | n | - | sickling (cf. IC sjúklingur) |
| patient | adj | forbearing | thildy (<OE þyld, cf. NHG geduldig); bide-willing. |
| patria | n | homeland, fatherland, motherland | - |
| patriarch | n | elder, eldfather | highfather (<OE hēahfæder) |
| patriarchy | n | - | fatherwield |
| patrician | n | - | highholder (<OE héahealdor) |
| patricide | n | - | fatherslaughter, fathermurder |
| patrimony | n | fathersland | - |
| patriotic | n | home-loving | landtrothen, fatherlandish (calque) |
| patriotism | n | home-love, flag-waving (pejorative) | landtrothenness, fatherlandloving, motherlandtrothness |
| patron | n | backer, bestower | - |
| patronage | n | business, trade | - |
| pattern | n | cut, doing, doings,folkway, goings-on, layout, outline,setting, shape, set-up, warp & woof, way, ways, weave, web, yardstick | model:
forelay (<NHG. Vorlage) |
| pause | n | break, let-up | - |
| paucity | n | lack, fewness | - |
| pavement | n | sidewalk, footpath, walkway | - |
| pay | vb | yield, buy (it), deal (out)
set back (rearranging word order) | betale (cf. NHG bezahlen, Du. betalen) |
| payment | n | fee | betaling (cf. Du. betaling, NHG Bezahlung), scot |
| PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) | n | handheld, handtop | handheld reckoner, handtop reckoner |
| peace | n | frith, bliss, rest, restfulness | sib (<OE sibbe), grith (<OE griþ) |
| peace | vb | afrith | - |
| peaceful | adj | dovish, restful | frithsome (cf. NHG. firedsam, Du vreedzaam) grithful (grith + ful) |
| peach | n | - | perseapple (ancient Greek calque) |
| peal | vb | ring, toll | - |
| peanut (OE from Latin) | n | earthnut, groundnut | - |
| pearl | n | - | seahurst, merhurst (<OE meregrot 'sea particle', <OE hyrst 'gem'), sandhurst |
| peasant | n | churl, boor, yeoman, husbandman, landman | - |
| peasant farmer | n | bour (<OE būr) pl: bours (<OE būras), cf. neighbour | |
| peculation | n | thefting | - |
| peculiar | adj | freak, unwonted, own | markingly (cf. Nw. merkelig) |
| pedagogue | n | teacher | - |
| pedal | n | treadle, footkey, foot board, foot trigger | - |
| pedal | adj | foot(ed) | - |
| pedantic | n/adj |
inkhorn(y), know-it-all, n: dryasdust | - |
| pedestal | n | - | footstone (<OE fótstán) |
| pedestrian | n | walker | footman, footfarer, footgoer, footganger |
| pedophile | n | - | childluster |
| pedometer | n | Walking-wheel | |
| pedophilia | n | - | childlust |
| peel | n | husk, rind, shell, skin, strip | - |
| peel | vb | rend, skin, shell, tear, pull off, slough off, strip | - |
| peep | vb/n | cast, eye; slang: gander | - |
| pegasus | n | - | winged horse |
| pejorative | adj | slighting, belittling, down-putting | - |
| pelican | n | - |
wanfoot dive-dapper or dive-dopper see OED entries |
| pellucid | adj | unclouded | - |
| pelt | n | fell, hide | - |
| pen | n | marker, writing tool, writing needle, writing shaft | writler, writingfeather, writingiron (< OE wrítung-ísen), writsax (<OE writ-seax), reed, quill (uncertain origin) |
| penance | n | bote | - sinbote |
| penchant | n | leaning, fondness | - |
| pencil | n | stick | leadstick, graystick, writingstick |
| penetrate | vb | breach, stab, thrill, bore | - |
| peninsula | n | neck of land; arm, foreland, headland, ness, spit, halfeiland (German:halbinsel) | shankdom, as the boot of Italy. |
| pentagon | n | - | fiveside, fivenook, fivedge |
| Pentecost | n | Whitsunday | - |
| penultimate | adj | last-but-one, next-to-last, forelast | - |
| penis | n |
pizzle, weapon (<OE wæpn) | brine hose (slang), bockler (Old Norse "bqllr") |
| penitence | n | rueness (<OE hreonisse), ruefulness, ruth | gild |
| penurious | adj | stingy | - |
| people | n |
folk; throng (group of people) | lede (<OE lēod, cf. NHG Leute, cf. Du. lieden) |
| pepperoni | n | - | croudedswineflesh |
| perceive | vb | wit; see, grasp, behold, smell, smack, fang, witness; make out |
yeme, onget bemark (cf. NHG./Du. bemerken) |
| percent | n | - | hundredth(s), hundredshluti (Icelandic:hundraðshluti) |
| percentage | n | - | hundredmeal |
| perception | n | insight, grip, hold | yeming, onget undergetting, understanding, truetake, soothtake |
| percolate | vb | leach | - |
| perdition | vb | forelornness | forweird (<ME forwī̆rd) |
| peregrine falcon | n | duck hawk |
duckhawk, wanderfalk |
| perfect | adj | flawless; all-out, blank, blooming, clean, sheer, flat-out; well done, all done, done throug |
bild-board, swotel fulmade (cf. Du. volmaakt) |
| perfect | vb | hone, fullcome | - |
| perfidious | adj | forsworn; untrue, untrustworthy, trothless | - |
| perforate | vb | awl, riddle, thrill, stick, thirl/thurl (< OE thyrel, now obsolete or dialectal), drill | |
| perform | vb | do forth, do, behave, work, play, show |
uptread (theatrical; cf. Du. optreden) theen (<OE ġeþēon) |
| perfume | n | - |
duft, cride athelstench (<OE æðelstenċ) ilmwater (Icelandic:Ilmvatn) |
| perfunctory | adj | halfhearted, careless | - |
| period (time) | n | while, timespan, time frame, spell, stint | - |
| period (punctuation) | n | fullstop | haltmark, stopmark, endmark |
| perish | vb | waste, waste away, be wrecked, dwindle; forfare, forworth, swelt (dialectal) | dwale |
| perjure | vb/ n | forswear, lie under oath, forsworness, oathbreach, oathbreaking |
- |
| perhaps | adv | maybe, mayhap, likely | byhaps, weenings (<OE wenunga) |
| perimeter | n | brim, hem, rim, skirt, edge | mireline |
| perineum | n | bonch | middlecrotch, middlecrook, crabwalk (slang) |
| period (time) | n | while, timespan, time frame, spell, stint | - |
| permanence | n | everlasting, abidingness, timeless, lasting, everliving, alwaysness. | |
| permanent | adj | everlasting, eche (archaic), timeless, abiding, lasting |
highfast (<OE hēahfæst), |
| permafrost | n | - | everfrost |
| permission | n | leave, warrant, letting, green light, furlough | letship, thave (<OE þafian), tholing tithe financial, lethood, letship |
| permit | vb/n | green-light, leave, let, go-ahead | thave (<OE þafian), thole tithe (<OE tiðian) |
| pernicious | adj | baleful, baneful | - |
| pernio | n | chilblain | - |
| perpendicular | adj | athwart, straight out from, upright | - |
| perpetually | adj | ever, everlastingly, for ay, endlessly, unendingly, world without end | - |
| perpetuity, in | adv | forevermore | - |
| perplex | vb | bewilder, muddle, befuddle, befog | bewonder |
| persecute | vb | ail, hound | (<OE éhtan, ǽhtian, óhtan, éhtian, eáhtan) |
| persecution | n | witch hunt, hounding | - |
| perseverance | n | sticktoitivenesss | - |
| persistence | adj | steadfastness | - |
| persistent | adj | steadfast, dogged, bound | - |
| person | n |
someone, fellow, man, | lede/leed(e) (<OE lēod, cf. NHG Leute, cf. Du. lieden) mennish (cf. Du. mens; grammar: thiute (<Goth thiuda) |
| personal | adj | selfly, monnly, self, own, inner, innermost, inmost, belittling, near, of oneself | mennishly, wightly (calque) |
| personality | n | selfhood, mood, self, who-th, ghost, | - |
| personnel | n | staff, men, ware | - |
| perspective | n | outlook, ken, wits, witness
edge of sight (point of view) | view, opinion: onsight (cf. NHG ansicht), outsight (Eng., cf. Du uitzicht, wist (native English kin to |
| perspicacious | adj | insightful, keen, shrewd | mindswotel |
| perspicacity | n | insightfulness, keenness, shrewdness | - |
| persuade | vb | bring, talk into, win over, sway | beswipe (<OE beswapan) |
| pursue | vb | follow
a new path: tread, beat, | forfollow (cf. NHG verfolgen, Du. vervolgen) a new path:beshrithe (see shrithe) |
| pertinacious | adj | headstrong, strong-willed | - |
| peruse | vb | look through, read through | - |
| pervade | vb | wade (archaic), go through, spread through, fill with | forwade (calque), yond-sprout? (<OE geondsprútan), throughthrust (<NHG durchdringen) |
| perverse | adj | overthwart | forchared, bewarped, thirtover, lewd, wayward, thrawn, forcouth, untoward |
| pervert | n | - | lewdster (Shakespeare),
rakehell |
| pervert | vb | twist, warp, befoul | bewarp, offset, froward |
| petition | vb/n | send writ, bene, beseech, beg, ask | - |
| pet name | n | nickname | ekename |
| petrify | vb | - | stun (<OE stunian) |
| petroleum | n | black gold
(fuel:) leaded, unleaded | rock-lime (calque), stonesap |
| petticoat | n | - | underkirtle |
| petulant | adj | sour, moody, waspish | - |
| pessimism | n | naysaying, world-weariness | - |
| pessimistic | adj | downbeat, hopeless, world-weary | rainy-brained |
| peurile | n | childish, cradle-witted | - |
| phantasm | n | dream; shade, shadow, wraith | - |
| phantom | n | ghost | - |
| phalanx | n | - | speerlining |
| pharaoh | n | king (of Egypt) | Sunking, Greathouser (calque of ANC. Egy. per aa "great house") |
| Pharisee | n | faker, holier-than-thou, cleanest one, show player | Sunderholies (<OE 'sundor-halgan') |
| Pharmaceutical | n | heal-middle | läkemedel (Swedish) |
| Pharmacist | n | ||
| Pharmacy | n | lib-house, libshop, dryshop (calque) | |
| Pharmacy | n | "medicinal chemistry" | |
| pharynx | n | - | retch (cf. NHG Rachen)
swallow (cf. Dan. svælg; Sw. svalg) |
| pheasant | n | - | wildhen (<OE wildhænn)
woorhen (<OE wōrhana) |
| phenomenal | adj | outstanding, astounding | sarrow |
| phenomenon | n | happening, great show, good show | - |
| -philia | sfx | -lust | - |
| Philippines | n | Philipsland | |
| philistine | adj | uncouth | - |
| philological | adj | - | speechwritlorish |
| philology | n | - | speechwritlore |
| philosophy | n | wisdom, world outlook | witlore, lorelief, wittinglove (calque) |
| phimosis | n | - | throttling |
| phlebotomy | n | bloodletting | - |
| phloem tube | n | - | wortrowel |
| -phobia | sfx | -fear | - |
| phobia | n | fear, misfear, fright, dread | - |
| phobic | adj | fearful | - |
| phoenix | n | - | firefowl |
| phone | n/vb |
n: blower, dog and bone, vb: ring, tinkle |
speechlore (linguistics): |
| phonetic | adj | - | dinly |
| phonological | adj | - | loudlorish, loudlore- |
| phonology | n | - |
reardwork, reardlore, clanglore |
| phosphorescent | adj | - | lightshedding |
| phosphorus | n | - | glowstuff, lightstuff |
| photograph | n | shot; lightshot, frame, sight, showing | lightbilth (<IC. ljósmynd), lightwrit, lightdrawing |
| photography | n | lightshooting | lightbilthwrit, lightwritcraft, lightdrawingcraft |
| photon | n | - | lightmote, lightbit, lightgang (calque) |
| phrasal | adj | (grammar) bound, having many words but being one | wordstringly, quide (obs.) |
| phrase | n | - | wordstring, quide (obs.) |
| phylum | n | stem, stock, kind | - |
| physics | n | - | worldken |
| physical | adj | bodily, bodylike, wordly, earthly | lichly, lundsome |
| physician | n | leech | läkare (Swedish) |
| piano(forte) | n | - | beatharp(<IC slagharpa); keyharp |
| pickax | n | pike | - |
| picture | n | likeness, drawing, sight, frame, shot, showing |
bilth (<OE biliþ, lightdrawing |
| picturesque | adj | fair | wlitty (<OE wlitig)
elfsheen (<OE ælfsciene) |
| pie | n | bake | rindcake |
| piece | n |
bit, snead, piece of art/music work |
of silver: silverling pl: steck (<OE stycce, cf. NHG Stück) |
| piecemeal | adv |
little by little, | bitwise |
| pier | n | landing, wharf, breakwater | - |
| pierce | vb | bore, hole; gore, spear | - |
| pigeon | n | dove | towndove, mean dove |
| pile | n | heap, hill, mound, mow (hay), swath (corn) | - |
| pillage | vb | sack | reave |
| pilgrimage | n | bead-faring | |
| pillar | n | mast, pole, stake | - |
| pilot | n | lodeman, skyship boss, foreflyer, loftman | skyward |
| pilot whale | n | - | grindwhale (calque) |
| pimp | n | bedbroker | - |
| pimple | n | wheal | - |
| piñata | n | - | wonderbag (cf. NHG "wunderhüte")
sweetpot |
| piña colada | n | - | mashed firapple (Spanish calque) |
| pinch | vb |
nip, squeeze, | - |
| pine | n | fir, firtree, evergreen (more general) | furrowwood (<OE furhwudu) |
| pineapple | n | - | firapple (cf. Ic. ganaldin) |
| pinecone | n | - | firtap (cf. NHG Kiefernzapfen) |
| pioneer | n |
groundbreaker, | foretrecker (cf. Du. Voortrekker) |
| pioneering | adj | groundbreaking, waymaking |
foremoving, |
| pious | adj | godly | arefast (<OE arfaest) |
| pip | n |
seed; bee's knees, day's eye | kern |
| pipe | n |
leat, |
rear (<PG *rauza-; |
| pirate | n | - |
seareaver, |
| pirate captain | n | - |
highseareaver, |
| pisiform bone | n | - | peabone, peashapebone |
| pistol | n | gun, gat (informal) | staff (cf. ME staf), handgun (<ME hand gunne) |
| piston | n | - | sucker (cf. Du. zuiger) |
|
pity | n |
shame; | eärming (<OE earmung) |
| pivotal | adj | key | - |
| pixel | n | dot | bilthdot (cf. NHG Bildpunkt) |
| pizza | n | - | flatcake, clampcake, Rahmflame (<NHG Rahmfladen) |
| place | vb | lay, put, stow, put down | - |
| place | n | spot, berth | ord, stead, stow, lough (<OE lóh) |
| place, special | n | - | sunderstow (<OE sundorstow) |
| placenta | n | afterbirth |
mothercake (cf. NHG Mutterkuchen, |
| plagiarism | n | thought-theft, brain-steal | |
| plagiarist | n | thought-thief, brainstealer | |
| plague | n | outbreak | Death evil, folkbane, blightdom, quild-tide, manqualm, man-qualm. |
| plan | vb | forethink, plot, draft, hatch | howe (<OE hogian) |
| plan | n | layout, outline, draft, framework | howe |
| plank | n | board, sill | - |
| plankton | n | - | drifter moss |
| planning | n | frame, layout, shape, look, mean | howing |
| planet | n | wanderstar, world, (heavenly) body |
tungle (<OE tungol), |
| plant | n | wort | - |
| plant | vb | sow, besow, scatter | - |
| planted | adj | - | besowen |
| plantation | n | farmstead | wortfield, seed farm, sowing field |
| plasma | n | - | state of matter: stirloft (<IC rafgas)
blood: bloodslime |
| plaster | n/vb |
stickum; besmear | limecoat |
| plastic | n | - | newclay, hardclay, clay-stuff, shape-stuff |
| plateau | n | dish; headland | flatberg |
| plate | n |
| - |
| plate of metal | n | - | clout (<OE clút), fat/fet (<OE fæt) |
| platform | n | deck, staddle; soapbox, flatscape | flatstand, flatstead; flatpad |
| platinum | n | white gold | - |
| platitude | n | hackneyed saying | flatness (calque) |
| platypus | n | watermole, duckbill, duckmole | billwight (cf. NHG schnabeltier)
flatfoot (calque of Greek platypus) birdnose |
| pleasant | adj |
blessed, darling, dreamy, |
lief/ liefsome (Eng, NHG. lieb, faining, listing, |
| please | interj | kindly, gladly, fain, if you will |
bid (cf. NHG bitte), |
| please | vb | gladden, list | queme |
| pleased | adj | blissful, thankful | eady, quemed |
| pleasing | adj | grateful, welcome | quemely (<OE cwémlic) |
| pleasure | n | lust, gladness |
quemeness (satisfaction), |
| plebiscite | n | - | folkfrain, folkcast, folksay
folkspoll, folksstevening |
| plectrum | n | pick | harpnail (<OE hearpenægel) |
| pledge | n | - | |
| pledge | vb | plight, swear, sicker | - |
| plentiful | adj | rife, teeming, manyful | - |
| plenty | adv | enough/enow, many | weal |
| plethora | n | overflow | overmuchness |
| -plex | suf | -fold | - |
| plumage | n | feathers, featherware, hackles | - |
| plumber | n | - | leatfitter, bogfitter, johnman (slang), leadworker |
| plumbing | n | - | leadwork |
| plumbline | n | - | wall-thread (<OE weallþrǽd) |
| plunder | vb | - | stroud (<OE strūdian) |
| plunge | vb | dip, dunk, dive | - |
| plural | adj | morefold |
manifold(ly) (<OE manigfealdlic), manysome |
| plus | pre | and | - |
| plutocracy | n | - | gelddom, goldwield |
| pluvial | adj | rain | indicator: watergall |
| pneumatic | adj | of a woman: shapely | thringlofty |
| pneumonoultramicrosco-picsilicovolcanoconosis | n | - | inbreathedgroundashandsanddustsickness
(inbreathed-ground-ash-and-sand-dust-sickness) flintstuffdustsickness; (poetic) dusty-lung dree |
| n | bag (<ON) | pough (<ME poughe, OE pohha) | |
| poem | n | lay, yed (in OED, <OE giedd) | leeth (<OE leoð), leethsong (<OE leoðsang), adight (NHG gedicht) |
| poet | n | scop, writer, dighter |
shope (<OE scop) |
| poetry | n | dighting | leethcraft (<OE leoðcræft), wordcraft, shopcraft |
| point | n | tip, tine, nib
score; stake, log | Ord (Eng./NHG. but seldom) |
| point | v | token at
point out sth: betoken, | - |
| pointless | adj | - | sakeless |
| poison | n | bane, gall, atter (obsolete or dialectal) | - |
| pole (land/ physics) | n | axle | - |
| polar (land/physics) | adj | - | axled |
| polar bear | n | - |
ice bear (NHG Eisbär, |
| polar zone | n | land of the midnight Sun | everfrost belt |
| pole | n | - |
shot <OE sceāt |
| polecat | n | - | thummart |
| polemic | n/adj | rant | - |
| police | n | law, lawmen, watchmen, coppers, warders | lawthane, warden |
| policy | n | - | thew (<OE þeaw), steven (<OE stefn, cf. IC stefna) |
| polite | adj | becoming, befitting | - |
| political | adj |
mootish | shirecrafty, shirecunning, rikescrafty, rikescunn, gerecky, flock (Icelandic: flokkur) |
| politically correct language | n | - | egg-shell speak, gereckspeak |
| politician | n | lawmaker | shireling, gerecker |
| politics | n | - | shirecraft, shirecunning, mootsmanship, kingspeak, reevedom, reevecunning, rikescraft, rikescunning
gereck (<OE gehrec "govt mngmnt") |
| poll | n | (survey): worthdeem | |
| pollen | n | bloomdust, father dust | |
| pollute | vb | foul, befoul, make dirty | smear, besnit, besmut, sootdew |
| pollution | n | soot-dew, sootdew | |
| poltergeist | n | - | dinghost, |
| polycephaly | n | - | manyheadedness |
| polygamist | n | - | maniwed |
| polyglot | n | - | tonguesmith, manytongue |
| polygon | n | - | manihern |
| polyhedron | n | - | manineb |
| polymorph | n | - | manishape |
| polymorphism | n | - | manishapedom |
| polytheism | n | - | sundertroth, sundrytroth, manytroth, sunderoath, sundryoath, manyoath, sundergodtroth, sundrygodtroth, manygodtroth, sundergodoath, sundrygodoath, manygodoath, sundergodbelief, sundrygodbelief, manygodbelief, sundergodbelieving, sundrygodbelieving, manygodbelieving, sundergodworship, sundrygodworship, manygodworship |
| pomegranate | n | - | cornapple (calque), seedapple (calque), seedovet (calque) |
| pompous | adj | showy, overbearing; high-flown, boastful | - |
| ponder | vb | wonder, eye, think, weigh, wrestle with | hiler, smigh |
| pontoon | n | card game: twenty one | sundstall |
| pony | n | - | horseling |
| pool (money) | n | pot | - |
| poor | adj | in need, on the breadline, wretched, ill-stared, needy, wantsome | |
| pop (music) | n | folk | folksglee |
| pope | n | Holy Father |
Romish headrunner Highfather (<OE héahfæder) |
| popular | adj | folksy, folkly, folkish | - |
| popularity | n | - | allthede-love (<IC alþýðu-lof) |
| populate | vb | - | befolk (cf. NHG bevölkern, Du. bevolken) |
| population | n | folks |
population: befolking
indwellers, folk, erdeners, dwellerscore, ledescore, |
| population density | n | crowding; thickness of settling | huddlemete |
| populism | n | folks | folksdom, folkship, folksric, folkswield, folksreevedom, folkshire |
| populist | adj | folksy | |
| populous | adj | crowded, teeming | folkful, folkrich (calque of German) |
| populus assembly | n | - |
folkforsaming |
| porcelain | n | shiny earthenware | midricware (chinaware) |
| porcine | adj | piggish, swinish, boarish, hoggish | |
| porcine | n | pig, boar, hog, swine, sow, yelt | - |
| porcupine | n | - | quillpig |
| pore | n | hole, hidehole, skinhole | thirl, sweathole |
| pork | n | pig, swine, swineflesh | farrow (<OE fearh) |
| pornography | n | - | whoreshowing |
| porous | adj | holey, seepsome | siftful, thirl (<OE thyrel) |
| porpoise | n | mereswine | - |
| porridge | n | mush, oatmeal | - |
| port | n | harbour, haven | ford, hythe |
| portable | adj | handheld | ferryworth |
| portmanteau | n | - | word: mingleword (cf. Du. mengwoord) |
| portal | n | doorway, door, gate, gateway |
rother (<OE rodor) |
| portend | vb |
bode, by-sen, forerun, | - |
| portent | n | - | foretoken, boding |
| portentous | adj |
doomy, foreboding, | - |
| portion | n | deal, lot, share, dole | - |
| portrait | n | likeness (of) | bilth, mealing |
| position | n | berth | steadholding |
| positive (aspect) | n | upside | - |
| positive | adj | - | mathematics: overnaught |
| possess | vb |
own, owe; devilsicken, | - |
| possessed | adj |
devilsick, fiendsick, owned, ought, | - |
| possession | n | ownership, belonging, ought, aught | ownedness, havings |
| possibility | n | likelihood, likeliness |
mailihood, acendliness (<OE ácendlicnes), acumendliness (<OE ácumendlicnes) |
| possible | adj | likely, | maily (<FR mooglik) maybesome, doughtbefall, dowedbefall, hapsome, mightsome, within reach, acumendly (<OE ácumendlic) |
| possibly | adv | maybe, likely, likelily | maily |
| post- | pref | after- | - |
| posterior | n | rump, back(side) | - |
| posteriority | n | afterness | - |
| posterity | n | offspring |
- |
| postexistence | n |
afterlife, afterbeing, | - |
| posthuman | n | - | afterwere, gearwere, beyond mankind |
| posthumanism | n | - | afterweredom, gearweredom |
| postpone | vb | forestall, put off, call off | forshove (for- "away" + shove, cf. NHG verschieben), forslow |
| post script (p.s.) | n | afterthought | afterword, afterwrit (a.w.), aftertale |
| potassium | n | - | potash (pot-ash), potashstuff |
| potato | n | earthapple, spud, tater, tatty |
nightshade runner ('solanum tuberosa'), |
| potential | adj | likely, maybe | maily |
| potential | n | strength, fitness, wherewithal | - |
| potentiometer | n | volt knob | - |
| potion | n | - | tiverdrink (cf. Du. toverdrank), lib |
| pouch | n | bag (<ON) | pough (<ME poughe, OE pohha) pung (<OE pung, cf. Sw., Dn. pung) |
| poultry | n |
fowl, barnyard birds, | - |
| pour | vb | teem, skink, shink, sie, yote |
yeat; birle drink |
| poverty | n | need, want; dearth, drought, | hardupness (slang) wantsomeness, armth |
| powder | n/vb |
dust; beat, | |
| power | n |
grip, sway, strength, |
thrith (<OE thryth) wield/wold/wald (<OE weald) special: sundercraft (<OE sundorcræft) |
| power | vb | drive, feed | - |
| power line | n | mains line | spark rope |
| powerful | adj | heavy, mighty, strong |
thrythswythe (<OE þrȳþswȳð) |
| power supply | n | mains brick | - |
| practical | adj | working; earthy, down-to-earth | - |
| practically | adv |
about, all-but, fair, fairly, | - |
| practice | vb/n | - |
n: oving |
| pragmatic | adj | hardheaded, down-to-earth | - |
| praise | n | - |
heriness (<OE herenes), |
| praise | vb | - | hery (<ME heryan) |
| pram | n | buggy | push-wainling (Barnes) |
| prayer | n | bead | ben, boon beadred (<OE bedræden), forben |
| prayerful | adj | - | beadful |
| pre- | pref | fore- | - |
| preach | vb | - | athelbid |
| preacher | n | - | athelbode (<OE éðelboda) |
| preamble | n | foreword, inleading, forespell | - |
| precaution | n | forecare | - |
| precede | vb | herald, forerun | - |
| preceding | adj | before-time, fore-time | - |
| precinct | n | space: pen pedestrian zone: walkway | - |
| precipitation | n | rainfall, snowfall, downsheet, breefall | downsheet |
| precious | adj | dear, dearworth, dearworthly | - |
|
preciousness | n | dearworthiness | - |
| precise | adj | - | - |
| precisely | adv | well | - |
| preclude | vb | forestall, foreclose | - |
| precocious | adj | ahead | rathe-ripe, rathish |
| precognition | n | foreknowledge, foreboding | - |
| precursor | n | forerunner, before-runner, forebear | - |
| predator | n | hunter (in some contexts) |
reavedeer (cf NHG. Raubtier, |
| predecessor | n | forerunner; forebear, forefather | foreling (by analogy to afterling) |
| predestination | n | wyrd/weird, doom, foredooming |
weird, coring, |
| predetermine | vb | foredoom, forechoose | - |
| predicament | n | swamp, catch 22, sticky wicket | hardfettle |
| predict | vb |
foretell, foresay, beeforesay, before-tell, foresee, | - |
| prediction | n |
foretelling, foresight, foretelling, | - |
| predominant | adj | overweighing | - |
| preeminent | adj | foremost | elderdomly (<OE ealdordomlice) |
| preexistence | n | aforeness, beforeness, forebeing | - |
| prefabricated | adj | ready-made, ready-built, forewrought | fore-timbered(houses) |
| preface | n | foreword |
throughlook(ing) |
| prefect | n | - | fyrdenhighshireman |
| prefer | vb | forechoose, (would) rather, wouldsooner, fain | beliken |
| preferable | adj | - |
liever, as lief |
| preference | n | Forechoice | beliking, forechoosing |
| prefigure | vb | foreshadow, foreshow | - |
| prefix | n | - | forefastening |
| pregnant | adj | with child, heavy (with child) | bearing |
| prehistoric | adj | - | yesteryorely |
| prehistory | n | - | yesteryore
study: forewritlore |
| prejudice(al) | n/adj | foredeem(ing) | - |
| prejudge | vb | foredeem | - |
| prelude | n | foreword, warm-up, before-runner | forspell |
| premature | adj | untimely, unripe, early, betimes (literary) | foreripe |
| prematurely | adv | beforehand, oversoon | - |
| premeditated | adj | forethought | - |
| premier | adj | foremost, first | - |
| premise | n |
given, forestep, if; toft (building site') | forehedging |
| premonition | n | forefeeling, foreboding | - |
| preoccupy | vb |
- | forebusy |
| preparation | n | gearing up,
reening, readying, foregearing, | |
| prepare | vb |
taw, fit, fix, groom, lay, ready; | reen (<OE renian), |
| prepared | adj | ready, tawed, neat, foreworked, forereadied | - |
| prepreparedness | n | alreadiness | |
| preposition | n | - |
foreput, foresetness |
| prequel | n | - | forefollow, forebook |
| prerequisite | n | - | foreneed |
| prescience | n |
foreknowledge; | forewisdom |
| prescient | adj |
foreknowing, farseeing, farsighted, | - |
| prescribe | vb | lay down | forewrite |
| presence | n | sight; look, outside | at-ness, theresomeness, onbe-hood
, |
| present | adj |
in; ongoing, nowaday, |
onbe-ish, nowa |
| present | n |
here and now, today; gift, handsel |
nowtide, nowtime, nonce, |
| present | vb |
show; give, bestow, furnish, |
foredraw/foredrag submit: forelay (cf. NHG vorlegen) |
| Presentation of the Lord | n | Candlemas | - |
| presentiment | n | forefeeling | - |
| preserve | vb | forlast, hain, keep, uphold, aspare | |
| preside | vb | steward, overlook | foresit over |
| president | n | - |
foresitter (calque), |
| presque vu | n | - | nighseen |
| press | vb | thring, thrutch | - |
| press down | vb | - | bethryck (<OE beþryccan) |
| pressure | n | - | thringmight, thryck |
| prestige | n | standing, swey, weight | - |
| presume | vb | foreguess, daresay | athrist (<OE áthristian) |
| presumably | adv | likely, seemingly | - |
| presumptuous | adj | uppity, overweening, daring | - |
| presuppose | vb | - | forettle, forise (<OErǣswian) |
| pretend | vb | do as if, play as if, sham, put on, fake | bebraid (< OE bebregdan), braid (< OE gebregdan), hue (< OE hiwian), let (<OE lætan), fordo, formake |
| pretender | n | would-be, fake, faker | - |
| pretend friend | n | back-friend | - |
| pretense | n |
put-on, show; high horse | - |
| pretentious | adj | showy, hoity-toity, over the top, kitsch | - |
| prevail | vb | hold up, keep up, last | throughswithe (<OE þurhswiðan) |
| prevalent | adj | rife | |
| prevent | vb |
hinder, forcome, forbid, | let (<OE lettan), forstand |
| preview | vb/n | forelook, forepeek, foreshow, foreshowing | - |
| previous | adj | former, last, latter, foregoing, earlier, yester, back-a-long | - |
| previously | adv |
afore, already, before, | - |
| prey | n | (the) hunted (in some contexts) | feng (<OE) |
| price | n | outlay, worth | |
| pride | n | orgul (archaic) | unmoodness (<OE unmōdnes)
highmoodness (<OE hēahmōdnes) stout |
| priest | n | hallower (Old Testament), elder (New Testament, < Gk πρεσβύτερος), ghost-man (heathen), cleric (paynim) | |
| prima donna | n | leading lady, first lady; angry woman, showy woman | - |
| primacy | n | - | foremostness, elderdom (<OE), apeness |
| primary | adj | foremost, first, erst, main | - |
| prime | adj | main, head | - |
| primer | n | starter | futhorc writ, firstbook |
| primeval | adj | hoary, olden | - |
| prince | n | frim, atheling, highness |
high earl, kingling, breg (<OE brego "prince; lord; ruler") |
| princess | n | highness |
queenling, high earlin, fursten briggen (<OE brego + -en) edeth (<OE ides "woman of nobility") |
| principality | n | - | frimdom (<OE fruma), high earldom, bregdom (<OE brego + -dom) |
| principle | n | - | howing, eldertruth |
| principle | adj | main, foremost, first, head | - |
| vb | - |
thrick (< OE þryccan), forlau, outlay | |
| printing press | n | - | thrycker, thringing thryck calque |
| prior | adj | before(hand), earlier | - |
| priority | n | right-of-way | forerank, foreweight, foreness, forehood, beforeness |
| prism | n | block | andleamer |
| prison | n | clink, lockup, pound, slammer | fangness (<OE root fang (now dial. (capture) + -ness <OE) (like Dutch gevangenis or German Gefängnis dung (<OE dung) |
| prisoner | n | inmate | haftling (<OE hæftling, cf. NHG Häftling) |
| pristine | n | earliest, firstness, speckless, spotless | - yoreness, orhood, fromfirst |
| private | adj | hidden, hushed, shut, asunder, set away | dern, onelepy (<OE anlipig), sunder, wightly (calque of personal) |
| privilege | n | right, freedom | sunderfreedom (<OE), sundergift (cf. OE sundorgiefu) |
| privileged | adj | gifted | - |
| privy | n | outhouse, backhouse | dern |
| pro | n | craftsman | - |
| probability | n | likelihood, likeliness, odds | |
| probable | adj | likely | - |
| probably | adv | likely, in all likelihood, likely enough, maybe, most likely, belike | trueshinely (cf. Du. waarschijnlijk, NHG wahrscheinlich) |
| probe | vb | prod | - |
| probity | n | uprightness | - |
| problem | n | worry, kinch, bugbear, reck, hang-up, hitch, snag, rub, pitfall, fall, downside, drawback | - |
| problematic | adj | worrysome | - |
| procedure | n | - | forsetting (cf. Da. fortsætte, Sw. fortsätta), forfareld |
| proceed | vb | go forward, go forth, forthpass, go on, go ahead | yede, forefare, forthfare,, forthgo |
| proceeding | n | - | foregoing, foregang (cf. NHG Vorgang) |
| process | vb | - |
forework, forthfaring, forfare (cf. NHG verfahren), taw |
| process | n | - |
foregang (cf. NHG Vorgang), workway |
| processor | n | computer: mainframe | telcruncher, reckoner |
| proclivity | n | forelike, forelove | towardbend |
| procrastinate | vb | ebb out, ebb-out, forresten | |
| procrastinator | n | ebber, | |
| procreate | vb | beget, breed | - |
| procurator | n | - | highshireman (<OE hēahscīremann) |
| procure | vb | - | beshape (cf. NHG beschaffen) |
| product | n | ware | - |
| prodigy | n | - | wonderchild |
| prodigal | adj | spareless | unbridled, feespilling |
| produce | vb | beget, breed, bring about, bring forth, draw on, work, yield, | forthbring |
| produce | n | handiwork, output, thing, work, yield, outcome | - |
| production | n | yield, output, handiwork | forthbringing |
| productive | adj | waresome, thrifty, yoelding | forthbear (<OE forþbære) |
| productivity | n | output | |
| proem | n | foreword | - |
| profanity | n | Curse, curseword, cuss | - warm words (slang) |
| professional | adj | skilled | - |
| professional | n | worker, craftsman | - |
| professor | n | lorespeaker, loregiver | - |
| profit | n | gain, boot, yield, winnings, earnings | - |
| profitable | adj | worthwhile | - |
| proficiency | n | skill | - |
| profound | adj | underlying, deep | - |
| profoundly | adv | underlyingly, deeply, groundly | - |
| profusely | adv phr | flow thickly, running overly, teemingly | - |
| profusion | n | beteeming | - |
| progenitor | n |
begetter, elder, father, alder-father, forebear, forefather, fore-elder, forerunner | - |
| program | n | - | foredraught, broadcast, sending (see source code) language: draft writ |
| progress | n | inroads, headway | forthship (<OE forþscype), forthstride |
| progressive | adj | forward, late, broad-minded, cutting-edge | forblowing |
| prohibit | vb | forbid, forfend | - |
| project | n | work | howe, goalwork |
| projector | n | beamer | - |
| prokaryote | n | - | forenut, forekern (calque) |
| proletariat | n | churls, boors, thralls, hirelings, knaves; thralldom | churldom, boordom, knavedom |
| prolific | adj | fat, lush, rich | birthy, broodful, birthful |
| prologue | n | foretale | - |
| promiscuous | vb | bed-hop | - |
| promiscuous | adj | bedhopping | - |
| promise | n | behight, oath, troth, foreword | - |
| promise | vb | behight, swear; forebode | forspeak (NHG. versprechen), forhight (cf. NHG verheissen) |
| promontary | n | headland, foreland, ness, bill, (Portland Bill); hoe | - |
| promote | vb | uprear, (up)further, boost | - |
| prone | adj | given, open; helpless | alout (<OE áloten), forthlout (<OE forþlútan), onfally (<NHG anfällig, see onfall) |
| pronghorn antelope | n | - | tinedeer, outrunning tinehorner |
| pronoun | n | - | byname (<OE binama), forename (<OE forenama) |
| pronounce | vb | say | speak out, outspeak (cf. NHG aussprechen, Du. uitspreken) |
| pronunciation | n | - | wordway, loudcarve (<IC. hljóðkerfi), outspeaking, outspeech (cf. NHG aussprache, Du. uitspraak), how to say [it] proper/correct: rightsteven (<OE rihtstefn) |
| proof | n | witness | shedding, reckonedness (<OE gerecednes), bewise (cf. NHG beweisen, Sw. bevisa, others) |
| propel | vb | thrust, drive, drive forth | - |
| proper | adj | fitting, meet, seemly, right, true, echt | bedavenly (<OE gedafenlic) |
| proper noun | n | self-name | ownname (NHG Eigenname, Du. eigennaam) |
| property | n | ownings, holdings; hallmark, belongings | ownhood, owndom (<NHG. eigentum) private: sunderfee (<OE sundorfeoh), landgood (Du. landgoed), aught (<OE æht) |
| prophesy | vb | foretell, foresee, soothsay, say sooth | spae |
| prophesy | n | foresight, boding, foretelling, soothsaying | spaedom, spaeing |
| prophet | n | seer, soothsayer, foresayer, before-sayer, before-speaker | spaesayer |
| proposal | n | foreset | forthput, forthputting |
| propose | vb | foreset, put forth, say | forthput, forthsay |
| propriëtor | n | householder, owner, >landlord/lady | - |
| propulsion | n | thrust | - |
| proscribe | vb | forbid | - |
| prosecute | v | - | forfollow (cf. Du. vervolgen, NHG. verfolgen) |
| prosecution | n | - | forfollowing (cf. Du. vervolging, NHG verfolgung) |
| proselyte | n | freshman (Sir John Cheke) | - |
| prosopagnosia | n | - | neb blindness |
| prosper | vb | thee | - |
| prosperity | n | theedom | forblowing (<OE blowan) |
| prosperous | n | frim (physically), lush | theely, wealth-owning, wellhaven (cf. NHG wohlhabend) |
| prostitute | vb | whore | - |
| prostitute | n | hooker, whore, streetwalker, hustler | - |
| prostrate | adj | aground | - |
| prostrate oneself (to) | vb | lay aground before | hien (<OE hīenan, lit. "to lie prostrate") |
| protagonist | n | - | headfellow (cf. Dan. hovedperson) |
| protarchæopteryx | n | - | foreorfowl, first orbird |
| protect | vb | ward, shield, forstand, beshield, frith | - |
| protection | n | shield, ward | lewing (<OE hleowung), mundwist (<OE mundwist) |
| protective | adj | - | mundly (<OE mundian), wardly |
| protector | n | warden | holdand (<OE healdend) |
| protégé | n | ward | - |
| protein | n | - | eggwhite (cf. NHG Eiweiß, Du. eiwit) |
| protest | n/vb | witness; uproar, outcry wrangle, gainsay | -
forstride |
| Protestant (< Lat. pro testare, “for a witness”) | adj | witnessing, faithful, gospelling; true faith; speaking out against lies | for the troth |
| Protestant | n | witness for Christ, faithful, gospeller, true believer; speaker against lies | |
| proto- | pref | ere, ere-, or-, ur- | - |
| Proto-Germanic | n | - | eretheedish, ortheedish |
| proton | n | - | erebit, firstbit; watermaker |
| protoplasm | n | - | ereslime, orslime |
|
protrude | vb | stick out, jut | - |
| protuberance | n | knob, outgrowth | - |
| proud | adj | haughty, showy, overbearing, self-worshipping, lofty, stout | rank (<OE ranc), stolt (<OE stolt, cf. NHG stolz) |
| prove | vb | show, truthen, witness, settle | soothe (OE 'soþian,' ME 'sothen'), bewise (<NHG beweisen, Sw. bevisa, others) |
| proverb | n | byword, saying, saw, folksay(ing) | - |
| provide | vb | afford, feed, give, hand over | beheft |
| province | n | - | landshare; outland, folkshire (<OE folcscearu) |
| provocateur | n | - | gremer (<OE gremung) |
| provocation | n | - | greming (<OE gremung) |
| prow | n | foreship | - |
| prudence | n | forewit, sparefulness, wariness, wisdom, | long-thinkingness |
| prudent | adj | forewitting, spareful, wary, wise, long-thinking | |
| prune | n | plum | - |
| pruning | n | shredding, shreading (in OED, obsolete; <OE scrēadung) | - |
| Prunus Spinosa | n | blackthorn, sloe | sloethorn (<OE slāhþorn) |
| Prussia | n | Pruceland, Leatherland | |
| pry | vb | 1. key-hole 2. uproot | - |
| prying | n/adj | key-holeing | - |
| pseudo- | n | fake, -like | lease- |
| psychedelic | adj | - | soulkithing, mindopening, mindrooming, soulopening (cf. Sw. "själsöppnande") |
| psychiatrist | n | shrink | mindhealer, soulkithler, mindlore(wo)man |
| psychiatry | n | - | soulkith (cf. Du. seelkunde), mindkith |
| psychic | n | - | soulsman, mindsman |
| psychic | adj | - | soulish, mindish |
| psychologist | n | shrink | mindlorer, mindloreman |
| psychology | n | - | mindlore |
| psychopath | adj | - | mindsick, mind-ill |
| psychotropic/psychoactive | adj | - | mindwending |
| pubic bone | n | - | shamebone |
| pub(lic house) | n | inn, alehouse, boozer | - |
| public | n | - | openlihood (cf. NHG Öffentlichkeit) |
| public | adj | open, mean | openly, folkly (calque from Latin) |
| public servant | adj | - | theen, onbidsman |
| public toilet | n | - | outhouse |
| publication | n | uttering | foropening (cf. NHG veröffernlichung), abaning |
| publish | vb | utter (lasted in New English until around 1740, when “publish” overtook it), forthset, bring out, forthsend | lay down: forlay (cf. NHG verlegen), outlay, foropen (cf. NHG veröffenlichen), aban (<OE abannan) |
| publisher | n | - | utterer; forlayer, forlay house (cf. NHG verlag), abaner |
| pulsate | vb | beat, throb | - |
| pulse | n | 1. beat, throb 2. bean | - |
| pumice | n | - | foamstone |
| pumpkin | n | marrow | tillberry, harvestball |
| punch | vb | clout | handstrike, fiststrike, dunch |
| punctuation | n | - | tokenmark, tokensetting (cf. NHG Zeichensetzung, Dan. tegnsætning) |
| punish | vb | wreak, smite | strafe (<NHG), witten (<OE wítnian), give back |
| punishment | n | wreak | wreaking, smiting, strafing (<NHG), wittening (<OE wítnung), giveback (< payback) |
| pup | n | whelp | - |
| pupil | n | of the eye: strale | - |
| puppet | n | cat's paw | handdoll (cf. NHG Handpuppe) |
| purchase | vb | buy, take | - |
| pure | adj | clean, sheer, white | swotel (<OE sweotol) |
| purebred | adj | thoroughbred | - |
| Purgatory | n | - | Sweepfire (cf. NHG Fegefeuer), Otherworld, Roufrithsoned Engliſh: Fowening |
| purge | vb | cleanse | furb |
| purify | vb | cleanse | beswotel |
| purple | n | - | bawse (<OE basu), fishdye (<OE fiscdēah), tiver (<OE teafor), woaden (<OE wæden), redblue, bluered (<OE blēorēod), wormred, clamhue, clam |
| purple dye | n | - | welktallow (<OE weoloctælg) |
| purple martin | n | - | bawseswallow, blueswallow |
| purpose | n | sake, goal | - |
| pursue | vb | follow, shadow, tail | - |
| pursuit | n | following, shadowing, tailing | woath (<OE wāþ) |
| purveyor | n | monger | - |
| pus | n | atter | - |
| push | vb | shove, thrust, thrutch | outarm |
| pusillanimous | n | weak-minded | |
| pustule | n | pock, w(h)eal, whelk | |
| putrefaction | n | rot(ting) | addleness |
| puzzle | n/vb | brainteaser, riddle | - |
| pygmy | n | dwarf; Tom Thumb | - |
| pyramid | n | - | fourflat (cf. Du. viervlak) |
| pyromania | n | - | firemadness |
| pyromaniac | n | kindler, enkindler | firesetter |
| pyrophobia | n | - | fireawe, firefear, baleyse (<OE bælegsa) |
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