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|rear (from same PG root)
 
|rear (from same PG root)
 
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|'''raisin'''
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|''n''
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|drygrape
 
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|'''raison d'état. '''
 
|'''raison d'état. '''
 
|''n''
 
|''n''
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|drygrape (German:dörrtrauben "Raisin")
 
 
|theedish intryst (calque)
 
|theedish intryst (calque)
 
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|'''rancid'''
 
|'''rancid'''
 
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|rotting, reeking, smelly, stale, foul, dank, rank, taff
 
 
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Revision as of 19:08, 6 August 2021

Staff R of the English Wordbook.

Basic abbreviations:

  • OE = Old English
  • ME = Middle English
  • SC = Scots
  • WF = West Frish
  • NF = North Frish
  • SF = Saterlandish Frish
  • WLG = West Low Theech
  • ELG = East Low Theech
  • NL = Netherlandish
  • NHG = New High Theech
  • IC = Icelandish
  • HIC = High Icelandish
  • NO = Nornish
  • SW = Swedish
  • DN = Danish
  • MLG = Middle Low Theech
  • MNL = Middle Netherlandish
  • MHG = Middle High Theech
  • OF = Old Frish
  • OS = Old Saxish
  • OHG = Old High Theech
  • ON = Old Norse
  • GO = Gottish
  • PWG = Or-West-Theedish
  • PG = Or-Theedish

For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.


A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


Ra Re Rh Ri Ro Ru

Chancery English Class Anglish/English
Attested Unattested

Ra

rabbit n hare stallhare (<NHD Stallhase; see also fieldhare, from NHD Feldhase), rob (<Flem. or M.Du. robbe "rabbit")
raccoon n washbear -
race n kind, stock strain (<OE strynd) sley (<NHG Geschlächt) ress (sense of running competition, reconstructed away from Old Norse)
racism n kindlove, kindtroth lovestem (love + stem <Ic. -stefna)
radar n - forereader, far reader, wavereader, wavemeter (with the element "-meter" based on the verb OE - metan)
radiant adj shiny, bright, beaming, glowing, gleaming throughbright (<OE þurhbeorht)
radiate vb shine, gleam, shed, send out, beam beshine (<OE bescīnan and <ME bishīnen)
radiation vb endfire -
radio n/adj wireless (gadget) funkbox (<OE funcia "spark" + box, cf. NHG Funkgerät), livebox
radioactive n lightrotting
radiotelegraphy n broadcasting -
radio wave n ringwave funkwave (cf. NHG Funkwelle)
radius n spoke halfspan, (bone) resle
rage n wrath greme (<OE gremian), wode
railroad n - ironroad, ironpath, sporroad (<OE spor)
raise (<ON) v rear (from same PG root)
raisin n drygrape
raison d'état. n theedish intryst (calque)
raison d'être n livelihood sake of being/sake of living (calque), lifesake, "for life's sake" (phrase)
RAM (Random Access Memory) n - RAM (Read-Always Mind)
ramification n fortwigging (cf. NHG Verzweigung)
rancid adj -
ranch n sheep run bou (cf. Scots from ON. bú)
random adj/n hit-or-miss, may-fall, pot shot, lucky, unforeseen, luck-chosen

fallenly, tofally (cf. NHG zufällig), willcury (calque of Du. willekeurig, with the element "-cury" based on OE -cyrge in wælcyrge "Valkyrie") see The word "random".

random page n lucky leaf, lucky side, unforeseen leaf, unforeseen side, luck-chosen leaf, luck-chosen side willcury trammet, may-fall leaf
range n reach, stretch, breadth -
ranger n keeper, warden, overseer; wanderer upseer (cf. NHG aufseher)
rank n

row, standing, 

hoad (<OE hád)
rankle vb gall, irk -
rape vb/n - needheemed (<OE níedhæmed), forwaldying (cf. NHG Vergewaltigung)
rapid adj fast, quick, speedy, swift snell
rappel vb abseil downrope (cf. NHG abseil)
rare adj fewsome, geason, selcouth, seldom, seldseen, selly, unlikely seldsome, seldly, geason (<OE gǣsne)
rarely adv seldom -
rarified adj fewsome, thin -
rarify vb make seldom beseldom, selden, befew, bedearth, thin
rarity n seldiness, seldomhood, dearth, fewness -
raspberry n - hindberry (cf. Dn. hindbær)
rate n speed runledge, setledge
ratio n evenness, worth -
rational adj well-grounded, wise shedwise (<OE scéadwís), angetful
rationalism n - anget, shedwiseness, mindplay
ravage vb - forspill
ravenous adj greedy hound-hungry
ravine n chine, gap, ditch, gulch crundle (<OE), cloughdale (cf. Du. kloofdal)
ray (of light) n beam streal (<OE strǽl, cf. NHG Strahl)
ray (animal) n - reigh (<OE reohhe cf. NHG Rochen, Du. Rog)
razor n shaver -

Re

re- pref

with-, gain-, new-, back-

and- (obs.) , ed- (obs.) , eft- (obs.)
real adj true, heartfelt; weighty, out-and-out, echt sooth
real estate n - fastgood (cf. Du. vastgoed)
reality n being, sooth, truth wareness/warehood (calque), soothness, workliness/worklihood (cf. Du werkelijkheid, NHG Wirklichkeit) 
realize / realise vb wit, find out, get on, wise up, dawn upon bemark (Du./NHG. bemerken), beaughten (NHG. beachten)
really adv truly soothly, sooth, echtly
realm (royal) n kingdom kingrich
realm n world, land rich
reason n/vb

grounds, wherefore, why, sake

within reason: within groundedness

vb: reckon, wit; make out, work out

faculty:  wits, wit, mind, brains, understanding

frum (<OE fruma), inthing (<OE intinga/inþing), ontimber (<OE ontimber), orsake (calque), rethe (<OE rǣd), anget (<OE andgiet), rack (<OE racu), rightwiseness (<OE rihtwísnes), shedwiseness (<OE scéadwísnes), shed (<OE gescéad), wit (<OE gewitt), nift (cf. NHG Vernunft, Dn. fornuft)
reasonable adj well-grounded shedwise (<OE scéadwís), shedly (<OE gescéadlic), groundful
reasonably adv groundedly -
rebel n withstander withercor (<OE wiðercorra), upstander, upstandling (cf. Du. opstandeling)
rebel vb rise up withsee (<OE wiþsēon), withfight (<OE wiþfeohtan), upstand (cf. Du. opstand; pron. up-STAND)
rebellion n outbreak, uprising. upstand (cf. Du. opstand; pron. UP-stand)
rebellious adj - upstandy (cf. Du. opstandig); upriseish
rebuke vb threap, chide, tick off; berate, call down strife, threw/threaw (<OE þrēawan), forquethe (<OE forcweþan)
recall vb withcall, withdraw, bethink edcall, eftcall, withmind, call to mind, think back to
recalcitrant adj unhold, unhearsome, hardheaded, stubborn, wayward -
recapitulation n going over again withspelling (<OE eftspellung), withhaul (cf. NHG wiederholen)
receive vb get, win, earn, take beget, thedge (<OE thicgan), fang (<OE fōn)
receipt n sales slip, sales stub
recently adv lately, newly tidely, shortago
reception n welcoming
recite vb yarn, reel off reich
recividist n backslider
recline vb lie back, lie down, stretch heel backleaned (German zurückgelehnt)
recognize vb acknow, acknowledge, beknowledge yeme, onget (<OE ongietan) / anget (<ME), wot/wost (<ME woot, <OE wāt); ppl. wit/wite, pp. wist,
recommend vb - ettle, befeal (<NHG empfehlen), rede
recompense n - gainyield, foryield (obsolete)
reconsideration n afterthought edsmighing
reconcile vb key braid up, geseman (<OE)
reconciliation n - andweaving
reconnaissance n underrighting (cf. Swedish underrättelse and NHG Unterrichtung)
record v log, write down, list, cast
sound or video: tape
fortoken (cf. NHG verzeichnen, Swed. förteckna)
record n log, cast lorekeep
recount vb overname -
recover vb heal, win back, take back intrans: edworp (<OE edwyrpan)

trans: agive (<OE agifan)

edtake ( using ed+take )

recovery n comeback, pick-up, upwend, upswing, healing edworping (<OE edwyrping), greenshoot
recreätion n fun and games andweaving
recriminate vb - threap, blackblame
recruit n fledgling, freshman, greenhorn, newcomer inspan
rectangle n - righthook (cf. Du. rechthoek)
rectum n - endtharm (calque, see tharm)
rectify v right, straighten righten (v shaped from adj "right", like "straighten" from "straight")
recurrence n comeback, flashback withhauling (cf. NHG wiederholung)
recurrent adj on-and-off andbearing (<OE býrian 'to happen, pertain to, belong to'), withhauled (cf. NHG sich wiederholend)
redact vb - edeche
redeem vb forbuy alease (OE aliesan), inborrow
redemption n - eftleesing (<OE eftlésung)
red ochre n - ruddle
redo vb withdo
reduce n lessen, enlessen, lower -
redundance n - eftflowing (<OE eftflowung)
refer (to) vb hint forwise (to) (cf. Du. verwijzen; NHG verweisen), mind, ettle
referee n shedsrighter (like Dutch scheidsrechter)
reference n hint, underlying meaning betug (cf. NHG bezug)
referendum n - folkspoll, folksstevening (Du. volksstemming), folksanswer (NHG. 'Volksentscheid')
refined adj trim, couth -
reflect vb show gain/withleam, gain/withshine
reflection n glance, backshine gain/withleaming, gain/withshining
reflect on vb think over, bethink, think about, look back on overthink (<OE oferþencan)
reflex n - bendback, jerkback
reform vb/n mend, shape up, straighten ameeding, edhuing, forbetter
reformer n - ameeder, edhuer (cf. OE geedhiwod "reformed, given new shape"), forbetterer (cf. NHG Verbesserer), rightener
refractory adj froward, wayward, willful witherhedging (<OE)
refrain n - offbreak
refrain vb forbear -
refrigerator n chiller coolshap (calque)
refuge n haven, bolt-hole, harbor, shelter lee (<OE hlēo)
refugee n runaway, fleer, hider

flightling (cf. Dan. flygtning, Du. vluchteling, NHG Flüchtling), haven seeker, lea(wo)man

refulgent adj shining -
refurbish vb overhaul furb, ednew
refuse n chaff, deadwood, dross, spilth, rubbish, waste -
refuse vb spurn, forbear asake, withquethe, forbid, score (<OE scorian)
refute vb belie, unsake

allay (<OE álecgan), forkithe (<OE forcýðan), onsake (<OE onsacan), withshove (<OE wiþscúfan), witherlay (cf. NHG widerlegen)

regard vb cast, eye, peep -
regarding prep about, as for, as to -
regency n - byredom (byrede + -dom)
regenerate adj freshen, make anew withquicken, withbeget (re- "with-" + genero "I beget"), edquicken (OE edcwicken)
regent n - byrede (by- "para-" + rede "ruler")
regicide n kingslayer kyne-murder, king-slay
regime n yoke, rich -
regiment n - fight(ing)thede
region n field, ballpark; land, neck landship
regression n back-slide
regret vb rue -
regular adj everyday; steady reghelish (reghel borrowed from Latin to OE)
regulate vb oversee, wield, steer, lead -
regulation n wielding, overseeing, law insetness (<OE insetnes)
regulator n overseer -
reign n kingship, queenship rede, athelingship
reign vb (cf. regulate) rix (<OE rīxian, rīcsian), overbebeed (<OE oferbebēodan)
rein vb/n - tygel (<OE)
reinforce vb strengthen, shore (unknown origin, found in Germanic languages), trim, gird, bolster, harden, harden up, uphold, make firm, underset harder
Reiwa (era) n - Fairemild, Fairebond
reject vb/n n: casting off, outcast

vb: nix; cast off, dump, fling off/away, slough off, throw away, toss, unload; spurn

n: forwarp (<OE forweorpan), withchoose (<OE wiþceosan)

vb: forwarp, offlean (cf. NHG ablehnen), offwise (calque of many germ. languages)

rejoice vb gladden driem (<OE drīeman)
rejoice with vb - driem with, evenbliss (<OE evenblisan)
rejuvenate vb freshen, youthen edyoung (re- (“again”) +‎ Latin iuvenis (“young”) +‎ -ate so, gainyouthen or, withyouthen), foryouthen (NHG verjüngen)
relapse vb backslide againfall
relatable adj - kinworthy, kinbere, kitheworthy, kithebere
relate phr vb bond, click; link kithe (<OE cythan)
related adj akin (to), kindred, sibbed to, tosameness; linked forwent (cf. NHG verwandt)
relative(s) n kin, kindred, kinfolk, kinsmen, kinship, sib, sibling, bysib, own flesh & blood

blood-bondling, bloodsib close: hyldenmay (<OE hyldenmǣġ)

murder of: maymurder (<OE mǣġmorðor), kinslaughter

relations n dealings, bond, link up, hook up, tie up, fellowship -
relationship n kinship, bearing; hookup, linkup, tie-up

maythhood (<OE mǣġðhād

relax vb chill (out),  loosen up, mellow out, unwind; ease, loosen, slack unspan (<OE onspannan, cf. NHG entspannen)
relaxation n fun and games

stillness (<OE stillnes/stilnes), unspan (<OE spannen)

relaxed adj smooth, loose, mellow unspant
release n outlung, loosing -
release vb free, let go, loosen alease
relent vb yield, let up -
relentless adj restless -
reliable adj trustworthy -
relieve n lighten, soothe, unburden, allay, still (the fears), salve, alight -
religion n belief, worship holybelief, holyworship, hallowbelief, hallowworship
religious adj holy, hallowed, beliefful, worshipful -
relinquish vb

cough up, give up, hand over, yield; step down

upgive, agive (<OE agiefan, cf. NHG ergeben)
reluctant adj chary, unwilling, loath pullbackish
remain vb belave (archaic), belive (obsolete)

-

remainder n lave, leavings, ort dross
remains n ashes, rubble, wreck; bones, stiff; leavings, leftovers, odds and ends laves
remedy n bote, heeling, salve, boot (etymology 3) -
remember vb hark back, min, mind, think of, call to mind, bethink, mark, unforget, withcall, behold, think back
memorize: bear in mind, keep in mind
edcall, eftcall, mon (<OE ġemunan), mind back, umbethink (<dialectal North & Scots English)
memorize: inmind, stockmind, inkeep
remind vb min, call to mind mane (<OE manian), edmind, eftmind, incall
reminder n - miner, edminding, eftminding, umbethinking (<dialectal North & Scots English), incalling
reminisce vb - eftmind
remnant n leftover -
remote adj slight, slim, small; cold-eyed, standoffish. 2. hidden; deep, far-flung, -
remote area n backwood -
remote controlled (RC) adj wirelessly steered -
remove vb foredo (with immaterial object), unstay (<Old French <Middle Netherlandish), take out, draw out, unload unshrithe
renaissance n - andblowing, agenbirth (agen (Again)+birth)
renal adj kidney -
rename vb - edname, agenclepe, edclepe, ed-deem
render vb cough up, give to, give up, hand over, yield -
renegade vb backfallen
renew vb overhaul ednew (<OE edniwian)
renewal n - ednewing
renewed adj - ednewed
renounce vb give up, forsake, step aside, step down; forswear, take back, unsay, withdraw, withsake asake (past: asook), unsaye (<ME unseien)
renovate vb overhaul ednew (<OE edniwian)
rent (transitive) vb meed

"I meeded a room for myself".

-
rent (intransitive) vb foremeed

"They're foremeeding rooms cheaply".

-
reorganize vb - edstight
repair vb heal, make hole, put to rights -
repartee n backchat -
repeat vb say again, oversay; do over edsay, edledge (<OE edlǽcan), withhaul (NHG. Wiederholen)
repeater n - electronics: withhauler
repel vb beat off, withdrive; buck, withstand, thrown back -
repent vb bemoan, rue forthink (cited by William Tyndale), after-think (Lancashire dialect); (<OE doeth daedbot - do penance)
repercussions vb - kickback
repetition n do-over edsaying, again-and-againness
replace vb swap (out), switch (out) aset (a- + set, cf. NHG ersetzten)

substitute: outtrade (cf. NHG austauschen), edstowe, right (<OE rihtan)

replenish vb fill up, fill, make full again edfill
reply vb/n answer, back-answer, back-talk (angrily)

anword (<OE andwyrd; cf. NHG Antwort, Du. antwoord)

report v - bewrite
report n - bewriting
repose n rest -
repository n hoard -
reprehensible adj - forwarply (cf. NHG verwerflich)
represent vb stand for, betoken aspell, fortread (cf. NHG vertreten)
representative n spokes(wo)man

atstandand (<OE ætstandend), aspellend, fortreader (cf. NHG Vertreter)

repress vb crack down on, crush, slap down, snuff out; hold back, sink, swallow bethryck (<be + OE þryccan, "press down")
reprimand vb upbraid, tell off, chide, scold -
reprove vb chide, tick off: mislike, tut over wite, threap (<OE þréapan)
reproach vb bawl out, berate, call down, flay, rag, upbraid: chide, tick off threigh, adwite (<OE þrēagan)
reproduce vb make offspring foreke (<Sw. föröka), foresow (<Du. voortplanten), formore (<NHG vermehren)
reproduction n formoring, foreking, forthseeding
reptile n creeping thing (found in Bibles; translation of Hebrew) creepdeer (cf Nw. krypdyr), crawldeer (cf Sw. kräldjur), wormkin (<OE wyrmcyn)
republic n - ledeward, mootrick, richwealth, wholewelfare, freerich, kyndwise; rich
reputation n mark, name namecouth (<OE namcuþ)
request n call, ask (rare) -
request vb ask, put in: beseech, call for, seek -
require vb need, tharf onseek (<OE onsécan)
requirement n need, must -
requite vb get even for, make good, atone, meed (see MW dictionary) forguld (<ME forgulde), foryield (<OE forġieldan, cf. ME foryelden)
rescribe vb write back edwrite
rescue vb free, bring off

nerry (<OE ánerian, NHG nähren), redd (<OE hreddan “to save, deliver, recover, rescue”, cf. NHG./Du./Dan./Now. retten)

research n Seeking, delving, groundwork, combing, raking speering, speering, forshing (cf. NHG Forschung) forshening (cf. Dan. forskning) (<PG faurskon), legwork (informal), underseek (cf. Du onderzoek and NHG. untersuchen), sake
research vb dig into, look into, delve into speer (<OE spyrian), underseek 
resemblance n alikeness, look, blee, bly suchness
resemble v seem like, look like, belike alike (cf. Du. gelijken, NHG gleichen)
resentment n down; huff, miff hattleness
reservation n booking forebeholding (cf. NHG Vorbehaltung)
reserve n keep, hoard; backup, fill-in berg
reserve vb book; keep, hoard; backup, fill-in berg (<OE beorgan)
reserve adj spare berg, forehold (cf. NHG vorbehalten)
reserved adj character: withdrawn
booked
-
reservoir n - waterberg; waterhold
reside vb live, dwell abide, wone, erde, wick
residence n home, dwelling abode, erding, erdingstow
permit: dwell-leave (cf. Ic. dvalarleyfi), abode-leave
residue n ashes, rubble, wreck; leavings, leftovers, odds and ends stufflave
resign vb step down, forlet, bow out -
resilience n - springbackness
resilient adj springy, springbackfit, limber wending
resin n - hart (<PG hartą, NHG Harz, Du. hars)
resist vb withset, withstand, hinder, stand up to withlay
resistance n withsetting withlaying, backlash
resistant adj steady, steadfast, abiding, withstanding bestandy/bestanding (NHG. beständig)
resolute adj set

one-minded, stith (<OE stiþ)

resonate vb - midswing (cf. NHG mitschwingen)
resort n - vacation: holidayord (cf. Du. vakantieoord, NHG Ferienort)

recourse/refuge: outway (cf. Du. uitweg, NHG Ausweg)

resort vb - brook, betake
resource n wherewithal rawstuff (NHG. Rohstoff), orshaft
respawn vb - backbirth
respect n heed, aught  onlook (<OE anlec), edsight
respect vb - aughten (<NHG. achten) (see aught)
respectable adj - aughtworthy
respectful adj - aughtful (cf. NHG achtvoll)
respiratory (system) n lungs -
respire vb breathe -
respond vb answer onqwethe (<OE oncweþan)
response n answer, feedback -
responsibility n plight, plighting, ownership foranswering (NHG. Verantwortung)
responsible adj trustworthy, upstanding, bedrock, sound, plighted foranswerly (NHG. Verantwortlich)

guilt: shildy (OE)

responsive adj quick, awake, sharp, open-minded, quick-minded, willing, answering -
rest (else) n leftover lave (<OE)
restart vb - edstar, start anew (from scratch)
restaurant n cheap: beanery

foodhouse, eating house

mealhall, reardhall (OE reordan 'to feast')

resting place n - bed of dust, the dark inn, grass-bed, moldern, moldstow, the pit, lichpit, the delf, the deep-six, narrow house, long-home, dust-bed, earth-home.
restore(ation) n freshen(ing)

ednew(ing) (<OE edniwung) edstow(ing), edstall(ing)

restored to life pt phr - edcwickened (<OE edcwic)
restrain vb bridle, fetter, hold back. belean (<OE)
restraint n bridle, fetter beleaning
restrict v fetter betighten
restriction n fetter betightening
result n outcome, outfollow, upshot, aftermath offleading (<Ic. af-leiðing), edspring (calque), eftspring (calque), fint (<OE finta, meaning 'consequence, result' also 'tail'), wastom (<OE wæstm)
resurrect vb gainrise (Cheke) edsty/edstie (<OE stīgan)
resurrection n gainrising (Cheke) -
retail vb deal in, sell, put up fordrive (cf. NHG vertreiben)
retain vb keep, withhold; hire athave
retaliate vb hit back, strike back, take an eye for an eye yield back, wend upon, foryield (<OE forgieldan) (c.f. NHG. vergelten)
retaliation n - foryielding (c.f. NHG. Vergeltung)
retard n dimwit, dolt dwease (<OE dwæs)
retard vb break, slacken -
retardation n slowing, latening -
retardation n - backwardness, beslowedness
retina n nethide (calque of German Netzhaut)
retire vb withdraw, yield, pull out -
retirement n - forleaving, withdrawing
retort n back-talk (impudently), yieldback, wisecrack
retract vb take back, withdraw unsay (<ME unseien)
retreat vb withdraw, backdown, give ground -
retrieve vb fetch withfind
retrograde adj backward -
return n comeback; backcome, earnings, incoming

andcome, gainfare (<OE geanfær)

return vb come back edwhirve (<OE edhwirfan), edwend, andgive
reveal vb bare, unsheath, unfold, unlock unhide, yondshow, unhele, swettle
revel vb bathe, wallow, frolic -
revelation n telling, broadcasting, unearthing unwryness (<OE onwrigness, onwrihness), openbearing (Like Dutch, German and other G. tongues)
revelry n merry-making -
revenant n - andcomer
revenge vb yieldback, get back, get even with -
reverberation n - withercling
revenge n wrack, wreak wracke (<OE wracu and <ME wrā̆k)
revenge porn n wrackful whoreshowing
revere vb worship -
reverend adj hallowed -
reverie n daydreaming, woolgathering sweven
reverse/reversal n knock, setback; flip-flop umswing or umbswing (cf. NHG Umschwung)
revert vb - andwharve
revive vb freshen, breathe life back into, liven (up, again, back)

edquicken (<OE edcwician)

revolution n - ywhorft (<OE gehwyrft), overhaul, overthrow, overthrowing, uprisin

turning: whorft (<OE hwyrft), umbewrithing, falling (Icelandic:Bylting)

revolve vb spin umbwerve
reward n - meed (obs); afterlean (<OE æfterléan), foryield (obsolete)
reward vb - meed; afterlean (OE léanian)

Rh

rhetoric n wind mathelcraft (OE maðelung), speechcraft
rhinoceros n - nosehorn (calque of Gk. rhinokeros (rhinos "nose" + keras "horn"; cf. Du. neushoorn, NHG Nashorn), hornpig, hornhog, hornswine
rhombus n - rout (cf. Du. ruit; Ger. raute)
rhotacism n - arbrookdom, r-brook(ing)
rhotic adj - arfully, r-ly
rhoticity n - arfulness, r-ness
rhyme n rime -
rhythm n riff -

Ri

riddance (foreign suffix) n ridding
ridicule vb besmear (<OE bīsmerian and <ME bismeren)
ridiculous adj chucklesome, sidesplitting, silly laugtherly (<OE hleahterlic)
rifle n - scratchgun, shattergun, shouldershooter (<OE sculdorscēota), furrowgun (<OE furhscēota)
righteous(ness) adj - rightwise(ness) (<OE rihtwís(nes))
rigid adj stiff, hard -
rigorous adj thorough -
rinse vb - spule/aspule (<OE āspylian, cf. Du. spoelen, NHG spülen)
riot/revolt/rebellion n riot (it is of Frankish origin) crowdburst
risk n gamble, long shot -
risky n gamblesome unsound
river n

ea, aa, stream, flow, flood, waterway

estuary: fleet (<OE fleot, ?Ebbsfleet)

flood (<OE flōd; attested in ME), waterpath

rite n - right, geright (<OE gerihte), onsayedness (<OE onsægednes)
ritual n/adj - ae (<OE æ), right (<OE gerihte)
river course n flow fleetway
rivulet n

brook, stream, runnel, rith, sike

rindle small water course or gutter

small stream: rith (word still found in N Frisian ride, rie 'bed of running water')

burn, bourn (<OE burna 'brook, stream, spring or well water')

Ro

rob (though it first came from french, the word is germanic, from frankish "robon" ) v sneaky filch

violent bereave, steal

-
robbery (Frankish origin) n Steal


sneaky filching violent reaving

-
robin n redbreast ruddock
robust adj fit, hale, hearty, sound, whole; flush, lusty, ful-blooded: big, full, plush, rich; strong -
robot n - wileman (cf. Ic. vélmenni), sparkman, sparkthrall
robotic adj soulless cold-soul
robotics n wilemancraft, sparkmancraft, sparkthrallcraft
rocket n - rock, rocker (OHG. rocko "distaff," ON. rokkr)
rodent n gnawer gnawdeer (cf. Du. knaagdier)
rogue adj - shirk
rogue n thief, swindler shirk
role n playwork, deedwork -
roleplay n playwork -

roll

n/vb

welt/walt (Eng. obsolete)

vb: trundle

vb: onspin
rolling-paper/cigarette-paper n skins (attested), smoking-skins -
roller skates n - weltshoes (cf. NHG Rollschuh), welter shoes
rollercoaster n big dipper, switchback eightway (cf. Du. achtbaan; NHG Achterbahn)
roman adj - romish
romance n love-tale, wonder-tale -
romanticism n - lovecraft, storm-and-throng (cf. H Du. Sturm und Drang)
rooster n cock (but "rooster" is also from a native root) -
rosary n - beadlet
rose n color: pink flower: loveblossom, lovebloom
rotate vb spin werve
rotisserie n spit-roaster spincooker, wervecooker
rotund adj wheelshaped -
round adj wheelshaped trind (shaped from OE trinda and NE trindle)
route n pathway, way -
router n networking: gateway (sometimes) -
royal adj kingly, cweenly -
royalty n kingship -

Ru

ruby adj/n - redhurst
rude adj unbehaved, uncouth, unbecoming, unfitting -
ruin vb/n wreck, mar, downfall -
rule vb lead, look over, oversee, rix (att'd <OE rīxian, rīcsian), overwatch, wald rede, hold sway
rule n law -
ruler n drighten, leader, overseer, overwatcher reder
ruling adj leading, lordly -
rumor n hearsay -
rural adj outborough, fieldly landly (cf. NHG ländlich), thorply (cf. NHG dörflich)
Rurik n Roderick
Russia n - Russland
Russian adj - of the land: russlandish

of the folk: russish

Russian n - folk: Russlander

tung: Russish

rustic n backwoodsman, boor, bumpkin, bushwhacker, clodhopper, churl, crofter, greenhorn, hayseed, hind, hillbilly, husbandman, plowman, redneck, share-cropper, swain, woodsman -