English Wordbook/R

Staff R of the English Wordbook.

Basic abbreviations:

• OE = Old English
• ME = Middle English
• SC = Scots
• WF = West Frish
• NF = North Frish
• SF = Saterlandish Frish
• WLG = West Low Theech
• ELG = East Low Theech
• NL = Netherlandish
• NHG = New High Theech
• IC = Icelandish
• HIC = High Icelandish
• NO = Nornish
• SW = Swedish
• DN = Danish
• MLG = Middle Low Theech
• MNL = Middle Netherlandish
• MHG = Middle High Theech
• OF = Old Frish
• OS = Old Saxish
• OHG = Old High Theech
• ON = Old Norse
• GO = Gottish
• PWG = Or-West-Theedish
• PG = Or-Theedish

For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Chancery English	Class	Anglish/English
		Attested	Unattested
rabbit	n	hare	rob (<Flem. or M.Du. robbe "rabbit")
raccoon	n	washbear	-
race	n	kind, stock	strain (<OE strynd) sley (<NHG Geschlächt)
radar	n	-	forereader, far reader, wavereader, wavemeter (with the element "-meter" based on the verb OE - metan)
radiant	adj	shiny, bright, beaming, glowing, gleaming	throughbright (<OE þurhbeorht)
radiate	vb	shine, gleam, shed, send out, beam	-
radio	n/adj	wireless (gadget)	funkbox (<OE funcia "spark" + box, cf. NHG Funkgerät) livebox
radioactive	n		lightrotting
radiotelegraphy	n	broadcasting	-
radio wave	n	ringwave	funkwave (cf. NHG Funkwelle)
radius	n	spoke	halfspan
rage	n	wrath	greme (<OE gremian), wode
railroad	n	-	ironroad, ironpath, sporroad (<OE spor)
RAM (Random Access Memory)	n	-	RAM (Read-Always Mind)
rancid	adj	rotting, reeking, smelly, stale, foul, dank, rank, taff	-
random	adj/n	hit-or-miss, slay, may-fall, pot shot, lucky, unforeseen, luck-chosen	fallenly, tofally (cf. NHG zufällig) willcury (calque of Du. willekeurig, with the element "-cury" based on OE -cyrge in wælcyrge "Valkyrie") see The word "random".
random page	n	lucky leaf, lucky side, unforeseen leaf, unforeseen side, luck-chosen leaf, luck-chosen side	willcury trammet, may-fall leaf
range	n	reach, stretch, breadth	-
ranger	n	keeper, warden, overseer; wanderer	upseer (cf. NHG aufseher)
rank	n	row, standing,	hoad (<OE hád)
rankle	vb	gall, irk	-
rape	vb/n	-	needheemed (<OE níedhæmed) forwaldying (cf. NHG Vergewaltigung)
rapid	adj	fast, quick, speedy, swift	snell
rappel	vb	abseil	downrope (cf. NHG abseil)
rare	adj	fewsome, geason, selcouth, seldom, seldseen, selly, unlikely	seldsome, seldly
rarely	adv	seldom	-
rarified	adj	fewsome, thin	-
rarify	vb	make seldom	beseldom, selden, befew, bedearth, thin
rarity	n	seldiness, seldomhood, dearth, fewness	-
raspberry	n	hindberry	hindberry (cf. Dn. hindbær)
rate	n	speed	runledge, setledge
ratio	n	evenness, worth	-
rational	adj	well-grounded, wise	shedwise (<OE scéadwís), angetful
rationalism	n	-	anget, shedwiseness, mindplay
ravage	vb	-	forspill
ravine	n	chine, gap, ditch, gulch, ghyll	crundle (<OE), cloughdale (cf. Du. kloofdal)
ray (of light)	n	beam	streal/streel (<OE strǽl, cf. NHG Strahl; the vowel would be expected to be variable in ME as in speech, seed, deed)
ray (animal)	n	-	reagh (<OE reohhe cf. NHG Rochen, Du. Rog)
razor	n	shaver	-
re-	pref	with-, gain-, new-	and- (obs.) , ed- (obs.) , eft- (obs.)
realise/ realize	vb	wit; find out, get on, wise up, dawn upon	bemark (Du./NHG. bemerken) beaughten (NHG. beachten)
real	adj	true, heartfelt; weighty, out-and-out, echt	sooth
real estate	n	-	fastgood (cf. Du. vastgoed)
reality	n	being, sooth, truth	wareness/warehood (calque), soothness, workliness/worklihood (cf. Du werkelijkheid/ NHG. Wirklichkeit)
really	adv	truly	soothly, sooth, echtly
realm (royal)	n	kingdom	kingric
realm	n	world, land,	rike
reason	n/vb	grounds, wherefore, why, sake vb: reckon, wit; make out, work out faculty:  wits, wit, mind, brains, understanding	frum (<OE fruma) inthing (<OE intinga/inþing) ontimber (<OE ontimber) orsake (calque) rethe (<OE rǣd) anget (<OE andgiet) rack (<OE racu) rightwiseness (<OE rihtwísnes) shedwiseness (<OE scéadwísnes) shed (<OE gescéad) wit (<OE gewitt) nift (cf. NHG Vernunft, Dn. fornuft)
reasonable	adj	well-grounded	shedwise (<OE scéadwís) shedly (<OE gescéadlic)
rebel	n	withstander	withercor (<OE wiðercorra), upstander, upstandling (cf. Du. opstandeling)
rebel	vb	rise up	withsee (<OE wiþsēon), withfight (<OE wiþfeohtan) upstand (cf. Du. opstand; pron. up-STAND)
rebellion	n	outbreak, uprising	upstand (cf. Du. opstand; pron. UP-stand)
rebellious	adj	-	upstandy (cf. Du. opstandig)
rebuke	vb	threap, chide, tick off; berate, call down	strife, threw/threaw (<OE þrēawan), forquethe (<OE forcweþan)
recall	vb	withcall, withdraw, bethink	edcall, eftcall, withmind, call to mind, think back to
recalcitrant	adj	unhold, unhearsome, hardheaded, stubborn, wayward	-
recapitulation	n	going over again	withspelling (<OE eftspellung), withhaul (cf. NHG wiederholen)
receive	vb	get, win, earn, take	beget, thedge (<OE thicgan), fang (<OE fōn)
receipt	n	sales slip, sales stub
recently	adv	lately, newly	tidely, shortago
reception	n		welcoming
recite	vb	yarn, reel off	reich
recline	vb	lie back, lie down, stretch heel	-
recognise	vb	acknow, acknowledge, beknowledge	yeme, onget (<OE ongietan) / anget (<ME), wot/wost (<ME woot, <OE wāt); ppl. wit/wite, pp. wist
recommend	vb	-	ettle, befeal (<NHG. empfehlen), rede
recompense	n	-	gainyield, foryield (obsolete)
reconsideration	n	afterthought,	edsmighing
reconcile	vb	key	braid up, geseman (<OE)
reconciliation	n	-	andweaving
record	v	log, write down, list, cast sound or video: tape	fortoken (cf. NHG verzeichnen, Swed. förteckna)
record	n	log, cast	lorekeep
recount	vb	overname	-
recover	vb	heal, win back, take back	intrans: edworp (<OE edwyrpan) trans: agive (<OE agifan) edtake ( using ed+take )
recovery	n	comeback, pick-up, upwend, upswing, healing	edworping (<OE edwyrping), greenshoot
recreätion	n	1. fun and games	2. andweaving
recriminate	vb	-	threap, blackblame
recruit	n	fledgling, freshman, greenhorn, newcomer	inspan
rectangle	n	-	righthook (cf. Du. rechthoek)
rectum	n	-	endtharm (calque, see tharm)
recurrence	n	comeback, flashback	withhauling (cf. NHG wiederholung)
recurrent	adj	on-and-off	andbearing (<OE býrian 'to happen, pertain to, belong to') withhauled (cf. NHG sich wiederholend)
redeem	vb	Forbuy	alease (<OE aliesan)
redemption	n	-	eftleesing (<OE eftlésung)
red ochre (Fe2O3)	n	-	ruddle
redo	vb	-	withdo
reduce	n	lessen, enlessen, lower	-
redundance	n	-	eftflowing (<OE eftflowung)
refer (to)	vb	hint	forwise (to) (cf. Du. verwijzen; NHG verweisen) mind, ettle
referee	n		shedsrighter (like Dutch scheidsrechter)
reference	n	hint, underlying meaning	betug (cf. NHG bezug)
referendum	n	-	folkspoll, folksstevening (Du. volksstemming), folksanswer (NHG. 'Volksentscheid')
refined	adj	trim, couth	-
reflect	vb	show	gain/withleam, gain/withshine
reflection	n	glance, backshine	gain/withleaming, gain/withshining
reflect on	vb	think over, bethink, think about, look back on	overthink (<OE oferþencan)
reform	vb/n	mend, shape up, straighten	ameeding, edhuing, forbetter
reformer	n	-	ameeder, edhuer (cf. OE geedhiwod "reformed, given new shape"), forbetterer (cf. NHG Verbesserer), rightener
refractory	adj	froward, wayward, willful	witherhedging (<OE)
refrain	n	-	offbreak
refrain	vb	forbear	-
refrigerator	n	chiller	coolshap (calque)
refuge	n	haven, bolt-hole, harbor, shelter	lee (<OE hlēo)
refugee	n	runaway, fleer, hider	flightling (cf. Dan. flygtning, Du. vluchteling, NHG Flüchtling), haven seeker, lea(wo)man
refulgent	adj	shining	-
refurbish	vb	overhaul	furb, ednew
refuse	n	chaff, deadwood, dross, spilth, rubbish, waste	-
refuse	vb	spurn, forbear	asake, withquethe, forbid, score (<OE scorian)
refute	vb	belie, unsake	allay (<OE álecgan), forkithe (<OE forcýðan), onsake (<OE onsacan), withshove (<OE wiþscúfan), witherlay (cf. NHG widerlegen)
regard	vb	cast, eye, peep	-
regarding	prep	about, as for, as to	-
regency	n	-	byredom (byrede + -dom)
regenerate	adj	freshen, make anew	withquicken, withbeget (re- "with-" + genero "I beget"), edquicken (OE edcwicken)
regent	n	-	byrede (by- "para-" + rede "ruler")
regicide	n	kingslayer	kyne-murder, king-slay
regime	n	yoke, rike	-
regiment	n	-	fight(ing)thede
region	n	field; land, neck	landship
regret	vb	rue	-
regular	adj	everyday; steady	reghelish (reghel borrowed from Latin to OE)
regulate	vb	oversee, wield, steer, lead	-
regulation	n	wielding, overseeing, law	insetness (<OE insetnes)
regulator	n	overseer	-
reign	n	kingship, queenship	rede, athelingship
reign	vb	(cf. regulate)	rix (<OE rīxian, rīcsian), overbebeed (<OE oferbebēodan)
rein	vb/n	-	tygel (<OE)
reïnforce	vb	strengthen, trim, gird, bolster, harden up, uphold, make firm, underset	-
reject	vb/n	n: casting off, outcast vb: nix; cast off, dump, fling off/away, slough off, throw away, toss, unload; spurn	n: forwarp (<OE forweorpan), withchoose (<OE wiþceosan) vb: forwerp offlean (cf. NHG ablehnen) offwise (calque of many germ. languages)
rejoice	vb	gladden	driem (<OE drīeman)
rejoice with	vb	-	driem with, evenbliss (<OE evenblisan)
rejuvenate	vb	freshen, youthen	edyoung re- (“again”) +‎ Latin iuvenis (“young”) +‎ -ate So, Gainyouthen or, Withyouthen Foryouthen (NHG, verjüngen)
relapse	vb	backslide	-
relatable	adj	-	kinworthy, kinbere, kitheworthy, kithebere
relate	phr vb	bond, click; link	kithe (<OE cythan)
related	adj	akin (to), kindred, sibbed to, tosameness; linked	forwent (cf. NHG verwandt)
relative(s)	n	kin, kindred, kinfolk, kinsmen, kinship, sib, sibling, bysib, own flesh & blood	blood-bondling, bloodsib close: hyldenmay (<OE hyldenmǣġ) murder of: maymurder (<OE mǣġmorðor), kinslaughter
relations	n	dealings, bond, link up, hook up, tie up, fellowship	-
relationship	n	kinship, bearing; hookup, linkup, tie-up	maythhood (<OE mǣġðhād
relax	vb	chill (out),  loosen up, mellow out, unwind; ease, loosen, slack	unspan (<OE onspannan, cf. NHG entspannen)
relaxation	n	fun and games; ease	stillness (<OE stillnes/stilnes) unspan (<OE spannen)
relaxed	adj	smooth, loose, mellow	unspant
release	n	outlung, loosing	-
release	vb	free, let go, loosen	alease
reliable	adj	trustworthy	-
relieve	n	lighten, soothe, unburden, allay, still (the fears), salve, alight	-
religion	n	faith, troth, worship	lief
religious	adj	worshipful	liefbound
relinquish	vb	cough up, give up, hand over, yield; step down	upgive, agive (<OE agiefan, cf. NHG ergeben)
reluctant	adj	chary, unwilling, loath	pullbackish
remain	vb	belave	belive (<OE belifan, cf. NHG bleiben, Du. blijven) bide, linger
remainder	n	lave, leavings, ort	dross
remains	n	ashes, rubble, wreck; bones, stiff; leavings, leftovers, odds and ends	laves
remedy	n	heeling, salve, boot (etymology 3)	-
remember	vb	hark back, mind, think of, call to mind, bethink, mark, unforget, withcall, behold memorize: bear in mind, keep in mind	edcall, eftcall, amone (<OE ġemunan), mind back, umbethink (<dialectal North & Scots English) memorize: inmind, stockmind, inkeep
remind	vb	call to mind	mane (<OE manian), edmind, eftmind, incall
reminder	n	-	edminding, eftminding, umbethinking (<dialectal North & Scots English), incalling
reminisce	vb	-	eftmind
remnant	n	leftover	-
remote	adj	slight, slim, small; cold-eyed, stadoffish; hidden; deep, far-flung	-
remote controlled (RC)	adj	wirelessly steered	-
remove	vb	foredo (with immaterial object), unstay (<Old French <Middle Netherlandish), take out, draw out	unshrithe
renaissance	n	-	andblowing, agenbirth (agen (Again)+birth)
renal	adj	kidney	-
rename	vb	-	edname, agenclepe, edclepe, ed-deem
render	vb	cough up, give to, give up, hand over, yield	-
renew	vb	overhaul	ednew (<OE edniwian)
renewal	n	-	ednewing
renewed	adj	-	ednewed
renounce	vb	give up, forsake, step aside, step down; forswear, take back, unsay, withdraw, withsake	asake ~ past: asook
renovate	vb	overhaul	ednew (<OE edniwian)
rent (transitive)	vb	meed "I meeded a room for myself".	-
rent (intransitive)	vb	foremeed "They're foremeeding rooms cheaply".	-
reorganize	vb	-	edstight
repair	vb	amend, heal, make hole, mend, put to rights	-
repartee	n	backchat	-
repeat	vb	say again, oversay; do over	edsay, edledge (<OE edlǽcan) withhaul (NHG. Wiederholen)
repeater	n	-	electronics: withhauler
repel	vb	beat off, withdrive; buck, withstand, thrown back	-
repent	vb	bemoan, rue	forthink (cited by William Tyndale), after-think (Lancashire dialect)
repercussions	vb	-	kickback
repetition	n	do-over	edsaying
replace	vb	swap (out), switch (out)	aset (a- + set, cf. NHG ersetzten) substitue: outtrade (cf. NHG austauschen) edstowe, right (<OE rihtan)
replenish	vb	fill up, fill, make full again	edfill
reply	vb/n	answer	andword (<OE andwyrd; cf. NHG Antwort, Du. antwoord) Andsware (<OE andsware)
report	v	-	bewrite
report	n	-	bewriting
repose	n	rest	-
repository	n	hoard	-
reprehensible	adj	-	forwarply (cf. NHG verwerflich)
represent	vb	stand for, betoken	aspell, fortread (cf. NHG vertreten)
representative	n	spokes(wo)man	atstandand (<OE ætstandend) aspellend, fortreader (cf. NHG Vertreter)
repress	vb	crack down on, crush, slap down, snuff out; hold back, sink, swallow	bethryck (<be + OE þryccan, "press down")
reprimand	vb	upbraid, tell off, chide, scold	-
reprove	vb	chide, tick off: mislike, tut over	wite, threap (<OE þréapan)
reproach	vb	bawl out, berate, call down, flay, rag, upbraid: chide, tick off	threigh (<OE þrēagan)
reptile	n	creeping thing (found in Bibles; translation of Hebrew)	creepdeer (cf Nw. krypdyr) crawldeer (cf Sw. kräldjur) wormkin (<OE wyrmcyn)
republic	n	-	ledeward, mootrick, rikewealth, wholewelfare; rike
reputation	n	mark, name	namecouth (<OE namcuþ)
request	n	call, ask (rare)	-
request	vb	ask, put in: beseech, call for, seek	-
require	vb	need, tharf	onseek (<OE onsécan)
requirement	n	need, must	-
requite	vb	get even for, make good, atone, meed (see MW dictionary)	forguld (<ME forgulde), foryield (<OE forġieldan, cf. ME foryelden) foryeild (scots variant),
rescribe	vb	write back	edwrite
rescue	vb	free, bring off	nerry (<OE ánerian, NHG nähren) redd (<OE hreddan “to save, deliver, recover, rescue”, cf. NHG./Du./Dan./Now. retten)
research	n	Seeking, delving, groundwork, combing, raking	speering, speering forshing (cf. NHG Forschung) forshening (cf. Dan. forskning) <PG faurskon legwork (informal) underseek (cf. Du onderzoek and NHG. untersuchen); sake
research	vb	dig into, look into, delve into	speer (<OE spyrian), underseek
resemblance	n	alikeness, look, blee, bly	suchness
resemble	v	seem like, look like, belike	alike (cf. Du. gelijken, NHG gleichen)
resentment	n	down; huff, miff	hattleness
reservation	n	booking	forebeholding (cf. NHG Vorbehaltung)
reserve	n	keep, hoard; backup, fill-in	berg
reserve	vb	book; keep, hoard; backup, fill-in	berg (<OE beorgan)
reserve	adj	spare	berg, forehold (cf. NHG vorbehalten)
reserved	adj	character: withdrawn booked	-
reservoir	n	-	waterberg; waterhold
reside	vb	live, dwell	abide, wone, erde, wick
residence	n	home, dwelling	abode, erding, erdingstow permit: dwell-leave (cf. Ic. dvalarleyfi), abode-leave
residue	n	ashes, rubble, wreck; leavings, leftovers, odds and ends	stufflave
resign	vb	step down, forlet, bow out	-
resilient	adj	springy, limber	wending
resist	vb	withset, withstand, hinder, stand up to	withlay
resistance	n	withsetting	withlaying, backlash
resistant	adj	steady, steadfast, abiding, withstanding	bestandy/bestanding (NHG. beständig)
resolute	adj	set	one-minded, stith (<OE stiþ)
resonate	vb	-	withswing (cf. NHG mitschwingen)
resort	n	-	vacation: holidayord (cf. Du. vakantieoord, NHG Ferienort) recourse/refuge: outway (cf. Du. uitweg, NHG Ausweg)
resort	vb	-	brook, betake
resource	vb	-	rawstuff (NHG. Rohstoff), orshaft
respawn	vb	-	backbirth
respect	n	heed, aught	onlook (<OE anlec), edsight
respect	vb	-	aughten (<NHG. achten) (see aught)
respectable	adj	-	aughtworthy
respectful	adj	-	aughtful (cf. NHG achtvoll)
respond	vb	answer	-
response	n	answer, feedback	- Andsware/Andswere (<OE)
responsibility	n	plight, plighting, ownership	Foranswering (NHG. Verantwortung)
responsible	adj	trustworthy, upstanding, bedrock, sound, plighted	Foranswerly (NHG. Verantwortlich) guilt: shildy (OE)
responsive	adj	quick, awake, sharp, open-minded, quick-minded, willing, answering	-
rest (else)	n	leftover	lave (<OE)
restart	vb	-	edstar, start anew (from scratch)
restaurant	n	cheap: beanery foodhouse, eating house	mealhall, reardhall (OE reordan 'to feast')
restore(ation)	n	freshen(ing)	ednew(ing) (<OE edniwung) edstow(ing), edstall(ing)
restored to life	pt phr	-	edcwickened (<OE edcwic)
restrain	vb	bridle, fetter, hold back.	belean (<OE)
restraint	n	bridle, fetter	beleaning
restrict	v		betighten
restriction	n		betightening
result	n	outcome, outfollow, upshot, aftermath	offleading (<Ic. af-leiðing), edspring (calque), eftspring (calque), fint (<OE finta, meaning 'consequence, result' also 'tail'), wastom (<OE wæstm)
resurrect	vb	gainrise (Cheke)	edsty/edstie (<OE stīgan)
resurrection	n	gainrising (Cheke)	-
retail	vb	deal in, sell, put up	fordrive (cf. NHG vertreiben)
retain	vb	keep, withhold; hire	athave
retaliate	vb	hit back, strike back, take an eye for an eye	yield back, wend upon, foryield (<OE forgieldan) (c.f. NHG. vergelten)
retaliation	n	-	foryielding (c.f. NHG. Vergeltung)
retard	n	dimwit, dolt	dwease (<OE dwæs)
retard	vb	break, slacken	-
retardation	n	slowing, latening	-
retardation	n	-	backwardness, beslowedness
retina	n		nethide (calque of German Netzhaut)
retire	vb	withdraw, yield, pull out
retirement	n	-	forleaving, withdrawing
retort	n	yieldback, wisecrack, backlash	-
retract	vb	take back, withdraw	-
retreat	vb	withdraw	-
retrieve	vb	fetch	withfind
retrograde	adj	backward	-
return	n	comeback; earnings, incoming	andcome, gainfare (<OE geanfær)
return	vb	come back	edwhirve (<OE edhwirfan), edwend, andgive
reveal	vb	bare, unsheath, unfold, unlock	yondshow, unhele, swettle
revel	vb	bathe, wallow, frolic	-
revelation	n	telling, broadcasting, unearthing-	unwryness <OE onwrigness, onwrihness openbearing (Like Dutch, German and other G. tongues)
revelry	n	merry-making	-
revenant	n	-	andcomer
revenge	vb	yieldback, get back, get even with	-
reverberation	n	-	withercling
revenge	n	wrack, wreak	-
revenge porn	n		wrackful whoreshowing
revere	vb	worship	-
reverend	adj	hallowed	-
reverie	n	daydreaming, woolgathering	sweven
reverse/reversal	n	knock, setback; flip-flop	-
revert	vb	-	andwharve
revive	vb	freshen, breathe life back into	edquicken (<OE edcwician)
revolution	n	-	ywhorft (<OE gehwyrft), overhaul, overthrow, overthrowing, uprisin turning: whorft (<OE hwyrft), umbewrithing
revolve	vb	spin	umbwerve
reward	n	-	meed (obs); afterlean (<OE æfterléan), foryield (obsolete)
reward	vb	-	meed; afterlean (OE léanian)
rhetoric	n	wind	mathelcraft (OE maðelung), speechcraft
rhinoceros	n	-	nosehorn (calque of Gk. rhinokeros (rhinos "nose" + keras "horn"; cf. Du. neushoorn, NHG Nashorn) hornpig, hornhog, hornswine
rhombus	n	-	rout (cf. Du. ruit; Ger. raute)
rhotacism	n	-	arbrookdom, r-brook(ing)
rhotic	adj	-	arfully, r-ly
rhoticity	n	-	arfulness, r-ness
rhyme	n	rime	-
rhythm	n	riff	-
ridiculous	adj	chucklesome, sidesplitting, silly	laugtherly (<OE hleahterlic)
rifle	n	-	scratchgun, shattergun, shouldershooter (<OE sculdorscēota), furrowgun (<OE furhscēota)
righteous(ness)	adj	-	rightwise(ness) (<OE rihtwís(nes))
rigid	adj	stiff, hard	-
rigorous	adj	thorough	-
rinse	vb	-	spule/aspule (<OE āspylian, cf. Du. spoelen, NHG spülen)
riot/revolt/rebellion	n	-	crowdburst
risk	n	gamble, long shot	-
risky	n	gamblesome	unsound
river	n	ea, aa, stream, flow, flood	estuary: fleet (<OE fleot, ?Ebbsfleet) flood (<OE flōd)
rite	n	-	right, geright (<OE gerihte) onsayedness (<OE onsægednes)
ritual	n/adj		ae (<OE æ)right (<OE gerihte)
river course	n	flow	?fleetway
rivulet	n	brook, stream, runnel, rith, sike rindle small water course or gutter	small stream: riþ (word still found in N Frisian ride, rie 'bed of running water') burn, bourn (<OE burna 'brook, stream, spring or well water')
rob (though it first came from french the word is germanic, from frankish "robon" )	v	sneaky filch violent bereave, steal	-
robbery	n	sneaky filching violent reaving	-
robin	n	redbreast	ruddock
robust	adj	fit, hale, hearty, sound, whole; flush, lusty, ful-blooded: big, full, plush, rich; strong	-
robot	n	-	wileman (cf. Ic. vélmenni), sparkman, sparkthrall
rocket	n	-	rock, rocker (OHG. rocko "distaff," ON. rokkr)
rodent	n	gnawer	gnawdeer (cf. Du. knaagdier)
rogue	n/adj	-	shirk
role	n	playwork, deedwork	-
roll rolling-paper/cigarette-paper/Rizla	vb	welt/walt (Eng. obsolete) vb: trundle skins (attested), smoking-skins	vb: onspin
roller skates	n	-	weltshoes (cf. NHG Rollschuh) welter shoes
rollercoaster	n	big dipper, switchback	eightway (cf. Du. achtbaan; NHG Achterbahn)
roman	adj	-	romish
romance	n	love-tale, wonder-tale	-
romanticism	n	-	lovecraft storm-and-throng (cf. H Du. Sturm und Drang)
rooster	n	cock (but "rooster" is also from a native root)	-
rose (flower)	n	-	loveblossom, lovebloom
rotate	vb	spin	werve
rotisserie	n	spit-roaster	spincooker, wervecooker
rotund	adj	wheelshaped	-
round	adj	wheelshaped	trind (shaped from OE trinda and NE trindle)
route	n	pathway, way	-
router	n	networking: gateway (sometimes)	-
royal	adj	kingly, cweenly	-
royalty	n	kingship	-
ruby	adj/n	-	redhurst
rude	adj	unbehaved, uncouth, unbecoming, unfitting	-
ruin	vb/n	wreck, mar, downfall	-
rule	vb	lead, look over, oversee, rix (att'd <OE rīxian, rīcsian), overwatch, wald	rede, hold sway
rule	n	law	-
ruler	n	drighten, leader, overseer, overwatcher	reder
ruling	adj	leading, lordly	-
rumour	n	hearsay	-
rural	adj	outburg, fieldly	lundly
Russia	n	-	Russland
rustic	n	backwoodsman, boor, bumpkin, bushwhacker, clodhopper, churl, crofter, greenhorn, hayseed, hind, hillbilly, husbandman, plowman, redneck, share-cropper, swain, woodsman	-