English Wordbook/R

Staff R of the English Wordbook.

Basic abbreviations:

• OE = Old English
• ME = Middle English
• SC = Scots
• WF = West Frish
• NF = North Frish
• SF = Saterlandish Frish
• WLG = West Low Theech
• ELG = East Low Theech
• NL = Netherlandish
• NHG = New High Theech
• IC = Icelandish
• HIC = High Icelandish
• NO = Nornish
• SW = Swedish
• DN = Danish
• MLG = Middle Low Theech
• MNL = Middle Netherlandish
• MHG = Middle High Theech
• OF = Old Frish
• OS = Old Saxish
• OHG = Old High Theech
• ON = Old Norse
• GO = Gottish
• PWG = Or-West-Theedish
• PG = Or-Theedish

For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Staffs under English Wordbook/R:

Ra Rb Rc Rd Re Rf Rg Rh Ri Rj Rk Rl Rm Rn Ro Rp Rq Rr Rs Rt Ru Rv Rw Rx Ry Rz

*Note: If you click on one of the links above, and nothing happens, then that means no words have been put forth for that bookstaff as of yet.

Chancery English	Class	Anglish/English
		Attested	Unattested
Ra
rabbit	n	hare	stallhare (<NHG Stallhase; see also fieldhare, from NHG Feldhase), rob (<Flemish or MNL robbe "rabbit")
raccoon	n	washbear	-
race	n	kind, stock	strind (<OE strynd) sley (<NHG Geschlecht); rease (sense of running competition, reconstructed away from Old Norse)
racism	n	kindlove, kindtroth	lovestem (love + stem <IC -stefna), kindhatred
radar	n	-	forereader, far reader, wavereader, wavemeter (with the element "-meter" based on the verb OE - metan)
radiant	adj	shiny, bright, beaming, glowing, gleaming	throughbright (<OE þurhbeorht)
radiate	vb	shine, gleam, shed, send out, beam	beshine (<OE bescīnan and <ME bishīnen)
radiation	n	-	strealing (cf. NHG Strahlung)
radio	n/adj	wireless (gadget)	funkbox (<OE funcia "spark" + box, cf. NHG Funkgerät), livebox, outwarp (cf. IC útvarp)
radioactive	n	-	lightrotting
radiotelegraphy	n	broadcasting	-
radio wave	n	ringwave	funkwave (cf. NHG Funkwelle)
radius	n	spoke	halfspan, (bone) resle
rage	n	wrath	greme (<OE gremian), wode
railroad	n	ironroad	ironpath, sporeroad (<OE spor), ironbane (<PWG *banu, calque: NHG Eisenbahn), sporebane (calque: NL spoorbaan)
raise (<ON)	v	rear (from the same PG root)	-
raisin	n	-	drygrape
raison d'état.	n	-	theedish intryst (calque)
raison d'être	n	livelihood	sake of being/sake of living (calque), lifesake, "for life's sake" (phrase)
RAM (Random Access Memory)	n	-	RAM (Read-Always Mind)
ramification	n	-	fortwigging (cf. NHG Verzweigung)
rampart	n	forework	-
rancid	adj	rotten, reeking, smelly, stale, foul, dank, rank	-
ranch	n	sheep run	bou (cf. Scots from ON bú)
random	adj/n	hit-or-miss, may-fall, pot shot, lucky, unforeseen, luck-chosen	fallenly, tofally (calque: NHG zufällig), willkirry (calque of NL willekeurig, with the element -kirry from OE -cyrge in wælcyrge "Valkyrie"; see The word "random")
random page	n	lucky leaf, lucky side, unforeseen leaf, unforeseen side, luck-chosen leaf, luck-chosen side	willcury trammet, may-fall leaf
range	n	reach, stretch, breadth	-
ranger	n	keeper, warden, overseer; wanderer	upseer (cf. NHG Aufseher)
rank	n	row, standing	hoad (<OE hád)
rankle	vb	gall, irk	-
rape	vb/n	-	needheamed (<OE níedhæmed), forwaldying (cf. NHG Vergewaltigung)
rapid	adj	fast, quick, speedy, swift	snell
rappel	vb	abseil	downrope (cf. NHG abseil)
rare	adj	fewsome, geason, selcouth, seldom, seldseen, selly, unlikely	seldsome, seldly
rarely	adv	seldom	-
rarified	adj	fewsome, thin	-
rarify	vb	make seldom	beseldom, selden, befew, bedearth, thin
rarity	n	seldiness, seldomhood, dearth, fewness	-
raspberry	n	-	hindberry (cf. DN hindbær)
rate	n	speed	runledge, setledge
ratio	n	evenness, worth	-
rational	adj	well-grounded, wise	shedwise (<OE scéadwís), angetful
rationalism	n	-	anget, shedwiseness, mindplay
ravage	vb	-	forspill
ravager	n	-	render (from Minecraft)
rave	vb	-	woff (<OE woffian)
ravenous	adj	greedy	hound-hungry
ravine	n	chine, gap, ditch, gulch	crundle (<OE), cloughdale (cf. NL kloofdal)
ray (of light)	n	beam	streal (<OE strǽl, cf. NHG Strahl)
ray (animal)	n	-	reigh (<OE reohhe cf. NHG Rochen, NL rog)
razor	n	shaver	-
Re
re-	pref	with-, gain-, new-, back-	and- (obs.) , ed- (obs.) , eft- (obs.)
real	adj	true, heartfelt; weighty, out-and-out, echt	sooth
real estate	n	-	fastgood (cf. NL vastgoed)
reality	n	being, sooth, truth	wareness/warehood (calque), soothness, workliness/worklihood (cf. NL werkelijkheid, NHG Wirklichkeit)
realize / realise	vb	wit, find out, get on, wise up, dawn upon	bemark (calque: NL/NHG bemerken), beaughten (calque: NHG beachten)
really	adv	truly	soothly, sooth, echtly
realm (royal)	n	kingdom	kingrich
realm	n	world, land	rich
reason	n/vb	grounds, wherefore, why, sake within reason: within groundedness vb: reckon, wit; make out, work out faculty: wits, wit, mind, brains, understanding	frum (<OE fruma), inthing (<OE intinga/inþing), ontimber (<OE ontimber), orsake (calque), rethe (<OE rǣd), anyet (<OE andgiet), rake (<OE racu), rightwiseness (<OE rihtwísnes), shedwiseness (<OE scéadwísnes), shed (<OE gescéad), wit (<OE gewitt), nift (cf. NHG Vernunft, DN fornuft)
reasonable	adj	well-grounded	shedwise (<OE scéadwís), shedly (<OE gescéadlic), groundful
reasonably	adv	groundedly	-
rebel	n	withstander	withercor (<OE wiðercorra), upstander, upstandling (cf. NL opstandeling)
rebel	vb	rise up	withsee (<OE wiþsēon), withfight (<OE wiþfeohtan), upstand (cf. NL opstand; pron. up-STAND)
rebellion	n	outbreak, uprising	upstand (cf. NL opstand; pron. UP-stand)
rebellious	adj	-	upstandy (cf. NL opstandig); upriseish
rebuke	vb	threap, chide, tick off; berate, call down	strife, threw/threaw (<OE þrēawan), forquethe (<OE forcweþan)
recall	vb	withcall, withdraw, bethink	edcall, eftcall, withmind, call to mind, think back to
recalcitrant	adj	unhold, unhearsome, hardheaded, stubborn, wayward	-
recapitulation	n	going over again	eftspelling (<OE eftspellung), witherhole (cf. NHG wiederholen)
receive	vb	get, win, earn, take	beget, thedge (<OE thicgan), fang (<OE fōn)
receipt	n	sales slip, sales stub	-
recent	adj	new, late, fresh, not long ago	shortago
recently	adv	lately, newly	tidely, shortago
reception	n	-	welcoming
recite	vb	yarn, reel off	reich
recividist	n	backslider	-
recline	vb	lie back, lie down, stretch heel	-
recognize	vb	acknow, acknowledge, beknowledge	yeme, onyet/onget (<OE ongietan)
recommend	vb	-	ettle, rede
recompense	n	-	gainyield, foryield (obsolete)
reconsider	v	bethink, think over	withthink,afterthink
reconsideration	n	afterthought	edsmighing
reconcile	vb	key	braid up
reconciliation	n	-	andweaving
reconnaissance	n	-	underrighting (cf. SW underrättelse and NHG Unterrichtung)
record	v	log, write down, list, cast sound or video: tape	fortoken (cf. NHG verzeichnen, SW förteckna)
record	n	log, cast,	lorekeep
record (vinyl)	n	long-play, wax(ing) (slang), spinner	-
recount	vb	overname	-
recover	vb	heal, win back, take back	intrans: edwirp (<OE edwyrpan) trans: agive (<OE agifan) edtake
recovery	n	comeback, pick-up, upwend, upswing, healing	edwirping (<OE edwyrping), greenshoot
recreätion	n	fun and games	andweaving
recriminate	vb	-	threap, blackblame
recruit	n	fledgling, freshman, greenhorn, newcomer	inspan
recruit	v	draft, bring in	umlist, inlist
rectangle	n	-	righthook (cf. NL rechthoek)
rectum	n	-	endtharm (calque, see tharm)
rectify	v	right, straighten	righten (v shaped from adj "right", like "straighten" from "straight")
recurrence	n	comeback, flashback	-
recurrent	adj	on-and-off	-
redact	vb	-	edeche
redeem	vb	forbuy	alease (<OE alēsan), inborrow
redemption	n	-	eftleesing (<OE eftlésing)
red ochre	n	-	ruddle
redo	vb	-	withdo
reduce	n	lessen, enlessen, lower	-
redundance	n	-	eftflowing (<OE eftflōwung)
refer (to)	vb	hint	forwise (to) (cf. NL verwijzen; NHG verweisen), mind, ettle
referee	n	-	shedsrighter (calque: NL scheidsrechter)
reference	n	hint, underlying meaning	betug (calque: NHG Bezug)
referendum	n	-	folkspoll, folksstevening (calque: NL volksstemming), folksanswer (cf. NHG Volksentscheid), stourwale
refined	adj	trim, couth	-
reflect	vb	show	gain/withleam, gain/withshine
reflection	n	glance, backshine	gain/withleaming, gain/withshining
reflect on	vb	think over, bethink, think about, look back on	overthink (<OE oferþencan)
reflex	n	kneejerk	bendback, jerkback
reform	vb/n	mend, shape up, straighten	ameeding, edhuing, forbetter
reformer	n	-	ameeder, edhuer (cf. OE geedhiwod "reformed, given new shape"), forbetterer (calque: NHG Verbesserer), rightener
refractory	adj	froward, wayward, willful	witherhedging (<OE)
refrain	n	-	offbreak
refrain	vb	forbear	-
refrigerator	n	chiller, cooler, coolchest, coolbox	-
refuge	n	haven, bolt-hole, harbor, shelter, lee	-
refugee	n	runaway, fleer, hider	flightling (cf. NL vluchteling, NHG Flüchtling, DN flygtning), haven seeker, lea(wo)man
refulgent	adj	shining	-
refurbish	vb	-	furb, ednew
refuse	n	chaff, deadwood, dross, spilth, rubbish, waste	-
refuse	vb	spurn, forbear	asake, withquethe, forbid, shore (<OE scorian)
refute	vb	belie, unsake	allay (<OE álecgan), forkithe (<OE forcýðan), asake (<OE onsácan), withshove (<OE wiþscúfan), witherlay (calque: NHG widerlegen)
regard	vb	cast, eye, peep	-
regarding	prep	about, as for, as to	-
regency	n	-	bywield (by- + ME wēld)
regenerate	adj	freshen, make anew	withquicken, withbeget (re- "with-" + genero "I beget"), edquicken (<OE edcwician), edheal (from Minecraft)
regent	n	-	byrixer (by- + rixer "ruler")
regicide	n	kingslayer	kingmorth (calque: NHG Königsmord)
regime	n	yoke, rich	-
regiment	n	-	wered (<ME wēred)
region	n	field, ballpark; land, neck	landship
regression	n	back-slide	-
regret	vb	rue, sorrow	-
regular	adj	everyday; steady	raily (<OE regollīc < regol, borrowed from Leeden)
regulate	vb	oversee, wield, steer, lead	-
regulation	n	wielding, overseeing, law	insetness (<OE insetnes)
regulator	n	overseer	-
reign	n	kingship, queenship	rede, athelingship
reign	vb	-	rix (<OE rīxian, rīcsian), overbebeed (<OE oferbebēodan)
rein	vb/n	-	tygel (<OE)
reinforce	vb	strengthen, shore (unknown origin, found in Germanic languages), trim, gird, bolster, harden, harden up, uphold, make firm, underset	harder
Reiwa (era)	n	-	Fairemild, Fairebond
reject	vb/n	n: casting off, outcast vb: nix; cast off, dump, fling off/away, slough off, throw away, toss, unload; spurn	n: forwarp (<OE forweorpan), withchoose (<OE wiþceosan) vb: forwarp, offlean (calque: NHG ablehnen), offwise (calque of many Germanish languages)
rejoice	vb	gladden	dreem (<OE drīeman)
rejoice with	vb	-	driem with, evenbliss (<OE evenblisan)
rejuvenate	vb	freshen, youthen	edyoung (re- (“again”) +‎ Latin iuvenis (“young”) +‎ -ate so, gainyouthen or, withyouthen), foryouthen (cf. NHG verjüngen)
relapse	vb	backslide	againfall
relatable	adj	-	kinworthy, kinbere, kitheworthy, kithebere
relate	phr vb	bond, click; link	kithe (<OE cythan)
related	adj	akin (to), kindred, sibbed to, tosameness; linked	forwent (calque: NHG verwandt)
relative(s)	n	kin, kindred, kinfolk, kinsmen, kinship, sib, sibling, bysib, own flesh & blood	blood-bondling, bloodsib close: hyldenmay (<OE hyldenmǣġ)
relations	n	dealings, bond, link up, hook up, tie up, fellowship	-
relationship	n	kinship, bearing; hookup, linkup, tie-up	maythhood (<OE mǣġðhād)
relax	vb	chill (out), loosen up, mellow out, unwind; ease, loosen, slack	unspan (<OE onspannan, cf. NHG entspannen)
relaxation	n	fun and games	stillness (<OE stillnes/stilnes)
relaxed	adj	smooth, loose, mellow	unspant (calque: NHG entspannt)
release	n	outlung, loosing	-
release	vb	free, let go, loosen	alease
relent	vb	yield, let up	-
relentless	adj	restless	-
reliable	adj	trustworthy	-
relieve	n	lighten, soothe, unburden, allay, still (the fears), salve, alight	-
religion	n	belief, worship	lief (<ME lēve), troth (meaning from ME trouth)
religious	adj	holy, hallowed, beliefful, worshipful	-
relinquish	vb	cough up, give up, hand over, yield; step down	upgive, agive (<OE agiefan, cf. NHG ergeben)
reluctant	adj	chary, unwilling, loath	pullbackish
remain	vb	belave (archaic), belive (obsolete), stick	-
remainder	n	lave, leavings, ort	dross
remains	n	ashes, rubble, wreck; bones, stiff; leavings, leftovers, odds and ends	laves
remedy	n	bote, heeling, salve, boot (etymology 3)	-
remember	vb	hark back, min, mind, think of, call to mind, bethink, mark, unforget, withcall, behold, think back memorize: bear in mind, keep in mind	edcall, eftcall, mon (<OE ġemunan), mind back, umbethink (<dialectal Northern & Scottish English) memorize: inmind, stockmind, inkeep
remind	vb	min, call to mind	mane (<OE manian), edmind, eftmind, incall
reminder	n	-	miner, edminding, eftminding, umbethinking (<dialectal Northern & Scottish English), incalling
reminisce	vb	-	eftmind
remnant	n	leftover	-
remote	adj	slight, slim, small; cold-eyed, standoffish. 2. hidden; deep, far-flung,	-
remote area	n	backwood	-
remote controlled (RC)	adj	wirelessly steered	-
remote controller	n	clicker, zapper	-
remove	vb	foredo (with immaterial object), unstay (<Old French <MNL), take out, draw out, unload	unshrithe, offnim (calque: NL afnemen, NHG abnehmen)
renaissance	n	-	andblowing, agenbirth (agen 'again' + birth)
renal	adj	kidney	-
rename	vb	-	edname, agenclepe, edclepe, ed-deem
render	vb	cough up, give to, give up, hand over, yield	-
renegade	vb	backfallen	-
renew	vb	-	ednew (<OE edniwian)
renewal	n	-	ednewing
renewed	adj	-	ednewed
renounce	vb	give up, forsake, step aside, step down; forswear, take back, unsay, withdraw, withsake	asake (simple past: asook; past participle: asaken), unsaye (<ME unseien)
renovate	vb	overhaul	ednew (<OE edniwian)
rent (transitive)	vb	meed "I meeded a room for myself".	-
rent (intransitive)	vb	foremeed "They're foremeeding rooms cheaply".	-
reorganize	vb	-	edstight
repair	vb	heal, make hole, put to rights	-
repartee	n	backchat	-
repeat	vb	say again, oversay; do over	edsay, edledge (<OE edlǽcan)
repel	vb	beat off, withdrive; buck, withstand, thrown back	-
repent	vb	bemoan, rue	forthink (cited by William Tyndale), after-think (Lancashire dialect); (<OE doeth daedbot - do penance)
repercussions	vb	-	kickback
repetition	n	do-over	edsaying, again-and-againness
replace	vb	swap (out), switch (out)	aset (a- + set, cf. NHG ersetzten) substitute: outtrade (cf. NHG austauschen), edstowe, right (<OE rihtan)
replenish	vb	fill up, fill, make full again	edfill
replicate	adj	-	edflighten (ed- + flight (wordlore n) + -en (wordlore 4))
reply	vb/n	answer, back-answer, back-talk (angrily)	anword (<OE andwyrd; cf. NHG Antwort, NL antwoord)
report	v	-	bewrite, write (from Minecraft)
report	n	-	bewriting
repose	n	rest	-
repository	n	hoard	-
reprehensible	adj	-	forwarply (calque: NHG verwerflich)
represent	vb	stand for, betoken	aspell, fortread (calque: NHG vertreten)
representative	n	spokes(wo)man	atstandand (<OE ætstandend), aspellend, fortreader (cf. NHG Vertreter)
repress	vb	crack down on, crush, slap down, snuff out; hold back, sink, swallow	bethryck (<be + OE þryccan, "press down")
reprimand	vb	upbraid, tell off, chide, scold	-
reprove	vb	chide, tick off: mislike, tut over	wite, threap (<OE þréapan)
reproach	vb	bawl out, berate, call down, flay, rag, upbraid: chide, tick off	threigh (<OE þrēagan), adwite
reproduce	vb	make offspring	foreke (calque: SW föröka), foresow (cf. NL voortplanten), formore (<NHG vermehren)
reproduction	n	-	formoring, foreking, forthseeding
reptile	n	creeping thing (found in Bible; translation of Hebrew)	creepdeer (cf. NHG Kriechtier, NO krypdyr), crawldeer (calque: SW kräldjur), slinkand (<OE slincend); (collective) wormkin (<OE wyrmcyn)
republic	n	-	folkdom, ledewealth, ledeward, mootrick, richwealth, wholewelfare, freerich, kyndwise; rich
reputation	n	mark, name	lise (<OE hlīsa)
request	n	call, ask (rare)	-
request	vb	ask, put in: beseech, call for, seek	-
require	vb	need, tharf	onseek (<OE onsécan)
requirement	n	need, must	-
requite	vb	get even for, make good, atone, meed (see MW dictionary)	forguld (<ME forgulde), foryield (<ME foryẹ̄lden ⁊ OE forgildan)
rescribe	vb	write back	edwrite
rescue	vb	free, bring off	nerry (<OE ánerian; cf. NHG nähren), redd (<OE hreddan "to save, deliver, recover, rescue"; cf. NHG retten)
research	n	Seeking, delving, groundwork, combing, raking	speering, speering, forshing (<NHG Forschung) forshening (calque: DN forskning), legwork (informal), underseek (cf. NL onderzoek and NHG untersuchen), sake
research	vb	dig into, look into, delve into, underseek	speer (<OE spyrian)
resemblance	n	alikeness, look, blee, bly	suchness
resemble	v	seem like, look like, belike	alike (cf. NL gelijken, NHG gleichen)
resentment	n	down; huff, miff	hattleness
reservation	n	booking	forebeholding (calque: NHG Vorbehaltung)
reserve	n	keep, hoard; backup, fill-in	-
reserve	vb	book; keep, hoard; backup, fill-in	-
reserve	adj	spare	forehold (cf. NHG vorbehalten)
reserved	adj	character: withdrawn booked	-
reservoir	n	-	waterberg; waterhold
reset	v		backset
reside	vb	live, dwell	abide, wone, erde, wick
residence	n	home, dwelling	abode, erding, erdingstow permit: dwell-leave (cf. IC dvalarleyfi), abode-leave
residue	n	ashes, rubble, wreck; leavings, leftovers, odds and ends	stufflave
resign	vb	step down, forlet, bow out	-
resilience	n	-	springbackness
resilient	adj	springy, springbackfit, limber	wending
resin	n	-	hart (<PG *hartą; cf. NHG Harz, NL hars)
resist	vb	withset, withstand, hinder, stand up to	withlay
resistance	n	withsetting	withlaying, backlash, withstanding (from minecraft)
resistant	adj	steady, steadfast, abiding, withstanding	bestandy/bestanding (calque: NHG beständig)
resolute	adj	set	one-minded, stith (<OE stiþ), oneread (<ME ānrēd <OE ānrǣd)
resonate	vb	-	midswing (cf. NHG mitschwingen)
resort	n	-	vacation: holidayord (cf. NL vakantieoord, NHG Ferienort) recourse/refuge: outway (cf. NL uitweg, NHG Ausweg)
resort	vb	-	brook, betake
resource	n	wherewithal	rawstuff (<NHG Rohstoff), orshaft
respawn	vb	-	backbirth, edstart (from Minecraft)
respect	n	heed, aught	onlook (<OE anlec), edsight (calque)
respect	vb	heed	worthy (<ME worthīen)
respectable	adj	-	aughtworthy
respectful	adj	-	aughtful (cf. NHG achtvoll)
respiratory (system)	n	lungs	-
respiration	n	breathing	-
respire	vb	breathe	-
respond	vb	answer	onqwethe (<OE oncweþan)
response	n	answer, feedback	-
responsibility	n	plight, plighting, ownership	foranswering (calque: NHG Verantwortung)
responsible	adj	trustworthy, upstanding, bedrock, sound, plighted	foranswerly (calque: NHG verantwortlich) guilt: shildy (<OE)
responsive	adj	quick, awake, sharp, open-minded, quick-minded, willing, answering	-
rest (else)	n	leftover	lave (<OE)
restart	vb	-	edstart, start anew (from scratch)
restaurant	n	cheap: beanery foodhouse, eating house	mealhall, reardhall (OE reordan 'to feast')
resting place	n	-	bed of dust, the dark inn, grass-bed, moldern, moldstow, the pit, lichpit, the delf, the deep-six, narrow house, long-home, dust-bed, earth-home.
restore(ation)	n	freshen(ing)	ednew(ing) (<OE edniwung) edstow(ing), edstall(ing)
restored to life	pt phr	-	edcwickened (<OE edcwic)
restrain	vb	bridle, fetter, hold back.	belean (<OE)
restraint	n	bridle, fetter	beleaning
restrict	v	fetter	betighten
restriction	n	fetter	betightening
result	n	outcome, outfollow, upshot, aftermath	offleading (calque: IC afleiðing), edspring (calque), eftspring (calque), fint (<OE finta, meaning 'consequence, result' also 'tail'), wastom (<OE wæstm)
resurrect	vb	gainrise (Cheke)	edsty/edstie (<OE stīgan)
resurrection	n	gainrising (Cheke)	-
retail	vb	deal in, sell, put up	fordrive (calque: NHG vertreiben)
retain	vb	keep, withhold; hire	athave
retaliate	vb	hit back, strike back, take an eye for an eye	yield back, wend upon, foryield (<OE forgieldan) (c.f. NHG vergelten)
retaliation	n	-	yield back, foryielding (c.f. NHG Vergeltung)
retard	n	dimwit, dolt	dwease (<OE dwæs)
retard	vb	break, slacken	-
retardation	n	slowing, latening	-
retardation	n	-	backwardness, beslowedness
retina	n	-	nethide (calque of NHG Netzhaut)
retire	vb	withdraw, yield, pull out	-
retirement	n	-	forleaving, withdrawing
retort	n	back-talk (impudently), yieldback, wisecrack
retract	vb	take back, withdraw	unsay (<ME unseien)
retreat	vb	withdraw, backdown, give ground	-
retrieve	vb	fetch	withfind
retrograde	adj	backward	-
return	n	comeback; backcome, earnings, incoming	andcome, gainfare (<OE geanfær)
return	vb	come back	edwhirve (<OE edhwirfan), edwend, andgive
reveal	vb	bare, unsheath, unfold, unlock	unhide, yondshow, unhele, swettle
revel	vb	bathe, wallow, frolic	-
revelation	n	telling, broadcasting, unearthing	unwryness (<OE onwrigness, onwrihness), openbearing (Like Dutch, German and other G. tongues)
revelry	n	merry-making	-
revenant	n	-	andcomer
revenge	vb	yieldback, get back, get even with	-
reverberation	n	-	withercling
revenge	n	wrack, wreak	wrake (<OE wracu and <ME wrā̆k)
revenge porn	n	-	wrackful whoreshowing
revere	vb	worship	-
reverend	adj	hallowed	-
reverie	n	daydreaming, woolgathering	sweven
reverse/reversal	n	knock, setback; flip-flop	umswing or umbswing (cf. NHG Umschwung)
revert	vb	-	andwharve
revive	vb	freshen, breathe life back into, liven (up, again, back)	edquicken (<OE edcwician)
revolution	n	-	ywhorft (<OE gehwyrft), overhaul, overthrow, overthrowing, uprisin
revolution	n	-	turning: whorft (<OE hwyrft), umbewrithing, falling (Icelandic:Bylting)
revolve	vb	spin	umbwerve
reward	n	-	meed (obs); afterlean (<OE æfterléan), foryield (obsolete)
reward	vb	-	meed; afterlean (OE léanian)
Rh
rhetoric	n	wind	mathelcraft (OE maðelung), speechcraft
rhinoceros	n	-	nosehorn (calque of Gk. rhinokeros (rhinos "nose" + keras "horn"; cf. NL neushoorn, NHG Nashorn), hornpig, hornhog, hornswine
rhombus	n	-	rout (cf. NL ruit; NHG Raute)
rhotacism	n	-	arbrookdom, r-brook(ing)
rhotic	adj	-	arfully, r-ly
rhoticity	n	-	arfulness, r-ness
rhyme	n	rime	-
rhythm	n	riff(poss. OF through 'refrain'), swing, flow	-
Ri
rich (<PG celtish)	n/adj	moot	rech (<PG *rekaz)
riddance (foreign suffix)	n	-	ridding
ridicule	vb	-	besmear (<OE bīsmerian and <ME bismeren)
ridiculous	adj	chucklesome, sidesplitting, silly	laughterly (<OE hleahterlic)
rifle	n	-	scratchgun, shattergun, shouldershooter (<Wikipedia OE sculdorscēota), furrowgun, awere (<NHG Gewehr)
righteous(ness)	adj	-	rightwise(ness) (<OE rihtwís(nes))
rigid	adj	stiff, hard	-
rigorous	adj	thorough	-
rinse	vb	-	spule/aspule (<OE āspylian, cf. NL spoelen, NHG spülen)
riot	n	-	crowdburst
risk	n	gamble, long shot	-
risky	n	gamblesome	unsound
rite	n	-	right, onsayedness (<OE onsægednes)
ritual	n/adj	-	right (<OE geriht)
rival	n/adj	-	awinner (<OE gewinna), aleacher (<OE gelǣca), witherhuyer (cf. OE wiðerhycgende), witherwin (<ME witherwin); witherhidy (<OE wiðerhýdig/wiþerhygdig)
river	n	ea, aa, stream, flow, flood, waterway	estuary: fleet (<OE fléot, ?Ebbsfleet) waterpath
river course	n	flow	fleetway
rivulet	n	brook, stream, runnel, rith, sike, rindle	burn, bourn (<OE burna 'brook, stream, spring or well water')
Ro
rob	v	sneaky: filch violent: bereave, steal	-
robbery	n	steal sneaky: filching violent: reaving	-
robin	n	redbreast	ruddock
robust	adj	fit, hale, hearty, sound, whole; flush, lusty, ful-blooded: big, full, plush, rich; strong	-
robot	n	-	wileman (cf. IC vélmenni), sparkman, sparkthrall
robotic	adj	soulless	cold-soul
robotics	n	-	wilemancraft, sparkmancraft, sparkthrallcraft
rocket	n	-	rock, rocker (cf. OHG rocko "distaff," ON rokkr)
rodent	n	gnawer	gnawdeer (calque: NL knaagdier)
rogue	adj	-	shirk
rogue	n	thief, swindler	shirk
role	n	playwork, deedwork	-
roleplay	n	playwork	-
roll	n/vb	welt/walt (Eng. obsolete) vb: trundle	vb: onspin
rolling-paper/cigarette-paper	n	skins (attested), smoking-skins	-
roller skates	n	-	weltshoes (cf. NHG Rollschuh), welter shoes
rollercoaster	n	big dipper, switchback	eightway (cf. NL achtbaan; NHG Achterbahn)
roman	adj	-	romish
romance	n	love-tale, wonder-tale	-
romanticism	n	-	lovecraft, storm-and-throng (cf. NHG Sturm und Drang)
rooster	n	cock (but "rooster" is also from a native root)	-
rosary	n	-	beadlet
rose	n	color: pink	flower: loveblossom, lovebloom
rotate	vb	spin	werve
rotisserie	n	spit-roaster	spincooker, wervecooker
rotund	adj	wheelshaped	-
round	adj	wheelshaped	trind (shaped from OE trinda and NE trindle)
route	n	pathway, way	-
router	n	networking: gateway (sometimes)	-
royal	adj	kingly, cweenly	-
royalty	n	kingship	-
Ru
ruby	adj/n	-	redhurst
rude	adj	unbehaved, uncouth, unbecoming, unfitting	-
ruin	vb/n	wreck, mar, downfall	-
rule	vb	lead, look over, oversee, rix (att'd <OE rīxian, rīcsian), overwatch, wald	wield (<ME wēlden), hold sway
rule	n	law	-
ruler	n	drighten, leader, overseer, overwatcher	rixer (<OE rīcsere)
ruling	adj	leading, lordly	-
rumor	n	hearsay	-
rural	adj	outborough, fieldly	landly (cf. NHG ländlich), thorply (cf. NHG dörflich)
Rurik	n	Roderick	-
Russia	n	-	Russland; Yardric (cf. ON Garðaríki)
Russian	adj	-	of the land: russlandish of the folk: russish
Russian	n	-	folk: Russlander tung: Russish
rustic	n	backwoodsman, boor, bumpkin, bushwhacker, clodhopper, churl, crofter, greenhorn, hayseed, hind, hillbilly, husbandman, plowman, redneck, share-cropper, swain, woodsman	-