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Staff ' of the English Wordbook.

Basic abbreviations:

  • OE = Old English
  • ME = Middle English
  • SC = Scots
  • WF = West Frish
  • NF = North Frish
  • SF = Saterlandish Frish
  • WLG = West Low Theech
  • ELG = East Low Theech
  • NL = Netherlandish
  • NHG = New High Theech
  • IC = Icelandish
  • HIC = High Icelandish
  • NO = Nornish
  • SW = Swedish
  • DN = Danish
  • MLG = Middle Low Theech
  • MNL = Middle Netherlandish
  • MHG = Middle High Theech
  • OF = Old Frish
  • OS = Old Saxish
  • OHG = Old High Theech
  • ON = Old Norse
  • GO = Gottish
  • PWG = Or-West-Theedish
  • PG = Or-Theedish

For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.


A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


Staffs under English Wordbook/S:


Sa Sb Sc Sd Se Sf Sg Sh Si Sj Sk Sl Sm Sn So Sp Sq Sr Ss St Su Sv Sw Sx Sy Sz

*Note: If you click on one of the links above, and nothing happens, then that means no words have been put forth for that bookstaff as of yet.

Chancery English Class Anglish/English
Attested Unattested

Sa[]

sabotage vb cripple underdelve (from undermine), undergrave
saboteur n - crippler
sacred adj holy, hallowed -
Sacrament n holy oath, holy undertaking, hallowing forhallowing, holy work, holiwork (<OE haligweorc)
sacrifice vb/n give, give up bloot (<OE blotan), offer/offering
sacrilege n unholiness holishending (cf. NL heiligshennis) (to shend, to defile)
sacrilegious adj unholy, sinful -
sacrosanct adj holy, hallowed -
sacrum n - holybone, roodbone
sadism n fiendishness, heartlessness derelust, harmlust, heanlust
sadistic adj heartless, coldhearted overtuly
safe n strongbox -
safe adj sound, fast; white; trusty, good, sheltered, shielded -
safehouse n - frithhouse (<OE friþhūs)
safety n shelter, wholeness, soundness, frith (archaic) munding, frith
safe space n haven, hugbox frithyard (<OE friþgeard)
sagacious adj

insightful, witty, foresightful

rede hedging, redhedging (<OE rǽdhycgende), hyesnotter (<OE hygesnottor), redesnotter, redsnotter (<OE rǽdsnotor), searthinkle (<OE searuþancol), shedwise (<OE scéadwís), smighful, smigh (<OE sméah), wisefast (<OE wísfæst), awittle, yarewittle (<OE gearuwitol)

sagacity n wit-hood, withood, wit, wisdom -
Saint (St.) adj Holy -
saint n - holyman, hallow
sainthood n hallowdom -
saliva n spit -
salamander n - landwater athex, land-newt, land-eft
salary n earnings, income, salt toll
sally vb/n outfall -
salmon n - lax (<ME lax <OE leax)
saltire n Andrew's Rood (cross) -
salutary n friendly, good, helpful, kindly; good, healthy, wholesome -
salutation n greeting, welcome, hail hailing
salvation n lifeline

redding (<OE hredding), halwendness (<OE hālwendnes)

salvo n unload, outburst -
sample vb to have a smack of, fore smack -
samurai n - dawnlandish knight
sanctify vb hallow, behallow -
sanctioned adj - law-hallowed
sanctuary n haven, grith, holyroom, hallow, holystead, frithhouse, frithstow -
sane n -right-minded witfast
sans prep without -
Santa Claus n Father Christmas -
sapient n much wise; aware -
sapphire adj/n - hewenhirst, woadenstone
sarcophagus n - stonethrough, sunkingthrough (Egypt)
sasquatch n Bigfoot -
Satanism n - Satandom; Satan-worship, Satanhood, Lockedom, Shucklief (<OE scucca + -lief)
satchel n knapsack, rucksack -
satellite n moon

artificial: ironmoon, swail searsender, umworld loftvat ("around-world-air-vessel", found on the Old English Wikipedia as ymbeworuldlyftfæt)

satiate vb fulfill, quench, slake -
satire n heaning, heancraft, mocking, mockwrit (<Middle Dutch reconstruction) -
satisfaction n gladness

quemeness (<OE cwēmnys), eathness (<OE īeðnes), befrithening (calque: NHG Befriedigung), eadiness

satisfy vb gladden, slake, fulfill, sate, quench

queme, afill, befrith, sede (<OE sēdan)

saturate vb sop, soak, steep indrench (<OE indrencan), sab (cf. SC sab)
Saturday n - Sunneve (<OE sunnanǣfen; cf. WF sneon, NHG Sonnabend)
sauce n dip -
sauerkraut n - sourcole
sauna n steam room hot-house, hotroom, sweatbath
sausage n wurst (<NHG), banger marrow (<OE mearh), worst (cf. NHG Wurst)
savage adj/n wild; wilder wildard
savanna n - wendringly grassland, bareland (cf. Eng. barrens)
save vb spare; keep, hold nerry (<OE nerian akin to NHG nähren, cf. OE herian -> NE herry), redd (<OE hreddan 'to free from recover rescue save take away'), barrow (<OE beorgan 'to save, preserve', OHG bergan, ON bjarga), hain, stow, hoard, heal, nere (from Minecraft)
savior n sparer healend (<OE hǣlend; cf. NHG Heiland)
halend, healer, healant (<OE hælend, in light of MnE 'coolant')
savory adj smeckfull hearthaft (calque: NHG herzhaft), defty (cf. NHG deftig)
Saxon n - Saxish
Saxony n - Saxland (<OE Seaxland), Saxen
saxophone n saxhorn -

Sc[]

scaffholding n - framescape (from Minecraft)
scald vb forseethe -
scale vb climb -
scale n layout, frame, framework, mete, setup animal skin: shale (<ME schale)
scallop n - shell lap, shellop (<corresponding to "shell" + "lap (wordlore 2)")
scalpel n - leechsax, healblade
scandium n - shedshaft (see OE scedenig "south end of Sweden")

scapegoat

n - fenman (from Old Dutch thews of offering a man-bloot by either throwing the chosen into a fen, lynching them or throwing them into streams to undo the anger of the gods.); folk-devil
scaphoid bone n - boatbone
scapula n shoulderbone, wingbone -
scar n blight, blotch, flaw, pockmark, wale, weal, wheal, wen, welt -
scarabaeus stercoreous n - turd-weevil
scarce adj light, sparing; lacking, low, shy, wanting latesome (<OE lætsum and <ME latsǒm)
scarcely adv barely, hardly, narrowly, slightly -
scarcity n lack, shortness, seldomness, fewness, dearth -
scared (<ON) adj frightened, adread ackle (<OE acol; archaic and not recommended)
scarf n - neckcloth (cf. SW halsduk; DN halstørklæde)
scarlet adj bawsebrown wormred (<OE wyrmread)
scatophilia n - dritelust
scatter vb broadcast, cast, deal out, go-off, go through, let go, oversow, overspread, put to flight, spread, strew -
scene n background, setting; blowup, fireworks; footing -
scent n smell, whiff breezewaft, breezewhiff, bresmel (breezed smell), waftsmell (wafted smell) weffe (archaic form of whiff)
schadenfreude n - harmglee; warkglee
schizoid adj - splitlike (calque of Gk. schizein "split, break, shatter" and -oeides "like")

cleavemindy; mindcleavish

schizophrenia n - splitmindness, shattermindness (calques of Gk. schizein "split, break, shatter" and phrēn "mind, understaing"), kithshatter, kithcleave (cf. IC geðclofi), wit-cleftness, dwalesickness
Schleswig-Holstein n - Sleswick-Holsten, Sleswich-Holtset, Sleswy-Holsten
scholar n learner; bookman loreman; fieldknower, learnand; writman; wordman; booklover; learned
scholarship n knowledge, learning bookhood, loreship; writdom
school (<PWG) n - lorehall, learnhall, teachhall, lorehouse
science n knowledge, ken; lore, wisdom witship (cf. WF wittenskip, NL wetenschap, NHG Wissenschaft); kendom; Knownshaft (cf. Many Germanic roots)
scientist n knower

witshipper (cf. WF wittenskipper, NL wetenschapper, NHG Wissenschaftler)

loreman, kenman, knowledgeman

scientific adj wisdomly, cunning; -craftly worldkenly, witshiply (cf. WF wittenskiplik), lorely
scientific language n -

craftspeech (<OE cræftspræc); cunningtongue

scintillate vb sparkle, flash, shine, leam -
scissors n blades shears (Scots; cf. NHG Scheren)
-scope sfx - -seer
scorn vb - laker (<OE hlacerian)
scorpion n - throw-end, stingtail, night-sting
scoundrel n - makeshift
scout n pathfinder foretrekker (< Afr. voortrekker "pioneer")
scowling adj - black-browed, wild-eyed
screen n sheet, sail, shroud shirm (<PG *skirmiz; compare NL scherm, NHG Schirm)
scribe n writer, logger bookman
script n - Computer script: quickwrit (quick 'alive' + writ 'document')
scrotum n ballsack*, sack* (*"sack" is an Old English loan word from Leeden saccus); hanger cod (<OE codd), ballbag (cf. SC bawbag, from OE *beall and ON baggi), shallbag (< OE sceallan "testicles" + bag)
scrutinize vb - shrutten (<OE scrutnian)
scrutiny n - shroutening (<OE scrūtnung)
scuba n - siubt (Self-Inheld Underwater Breathing Tool)
sculpt vb carve, hew, shape, trim -
sculpting v carving -
sculpture n carving -

Se[]

sea monster n merfiend fivel (<OE)
search vb seek; rake, comb, delve, hunt, cape neese (<OE nēosan, to search out, find out by enquiry), speer (<OE spyrian)
search word n headword seekword
season n time, tide sele (<ME), yeartime, yeartide (calque from NHG Jahrzeit), (entertainment) thightline/thightrow (calque from IC)
seat of joy n - gleestool (<OE glīwstōl)
sebum n tallow -
secede vb leave, withdraw, cleave, sunder, split off offsplit
secession n selfhhod, self-standing, freedom; withdrawal, walking away, breakaway, breakup, cleaving, sundering, splitting off selfstead; offsplitting; frith
secessionist n freedomfighter, freeman offsplitter
second n moment: tick, eyeblink 

nutlog  (hour: log,  minute: shortlog)

second adj other, twoth next, after (obsolete), twithe (twi- + th as in four-th)
secret adj/n

adj: dern, hidden, withdrawn, unseen, inward, stealthy, untold, unbeheld, underground, underhanded, hushhush, inly

n: dern, hidings

n: hiddle (<OE hydels), dyle (<ME diȝel, <OE dīegol hushthought, hushword, roun(d) (<OE run, 'mystery, secret, rune'), hem (cf. NHG heimlich, NHG geheim, NL geheim, SW hemlig, DN hemmelig)

secret society n - himebind (cf. NHG Geheimbund) stealthfay (cf. IC seynifélagið), hidden guild
secretary n reeve; helper, greeter inwriter
secrete vb seep, leak, ooze -
sect n block, body afterfollowing (<OE æfterfylgung)
section n bit, block -
secular adj worldly, of this world, earthly -
secular n worldling; worldhood -
secularize vb - formean, forworlden (cf. NHG verweltlichen)
secure adj

shielded, belayed, fast, steadfast

inshielded, ward, warded, warden, wardened (Germanic), bewardened, bewarden, guardened (Germanic), guarden (Germanic)
secure vb shield, ward, warden (Germanic), beward, guard (Germanic), ice, more, set, fasten inshield, mound/mund (<OE mundian 'to protect, shelter, guard)

awork (cf. NHG erwirken)

security n fastness; stronghold, bulwark -
sediment n dregs, silt, draff, dross -
seduce vb fortee, lead on spane (<OE spanan), adwell, bepeach (<OE bepǣcan)
segment n lith; string, thread -
segregation n - asunderhood, beshedding
seize vb hold, hend, clutch, take, gripe fang (<OE fangen), latch (past and past participle is laught) (<ME lacchen, cf. OE læccan), nim (past nom, past participle nummen) (<ME nimen), reach (<OE geræcan)
seizure n fit -
select vb choose, pick, wale -
selenium n - moonshaft
self-effacement n - self-naughting
self-esteem n self-worth -
self-restraint n - forhaveness (<OE forhæfnes)
semen n sprog, spunk, splooge fraw
semester n sixmonth, half-year -
seminar n workshop -
sempiternity n - endlessness, unendinghood, alwayness, everlastingness
semi- pref half-, sam-/sand-/some- (<OE sam-) -
semicircle n - halfring, samring
semisphere n - halfball, samball
senate n - wittenmoot, wittensmoot; eldermoot [elder: <L. senex + moot "council"]
senator n - folkwit (<OE folcwita), elder
seneschal n - sinshalk (<PG *siniskalkaz)
senile adj doddery, doddering, elderly, old, doted -
senior n - sinny (calque: GO 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (sineigs) <PG *sinīgaz)
senior citizens n elderly, old folks, eldfolk, eldman, the old -
sensate adj feeling -
sensation n 1. feeling 2. upthrill
sensational adj amazing wuldersome
sense n 1. feeling 2. meaning; wit(s) seave (<OE sefa)
sense vb feel -
senseless adj/n feelingless -
senses n the five wits
sensible vb - feelbere (calque), begetful
sensitive adj feeling, keen, sharp -
sentence n wordset; byword, saw (etym. 2), wordstring, saying quid (<ME quide)
sentence vb doom -
sententious adj pithy -
sentience n awareness awaredom (obsolete OED word)
sentient life n wight, being, all flesh -
sentiment n feeling, thought -
sentimental n mawkish -
separate vb sunder, split, break, cleave, fork shed (<ME sheden: cf. NHG/NL scheiden), adeal, atweff
separate adj sundry, freestanding, sunder, cleave, cloven, vide shedded
separation n splitting, split shedding, asunderhood, asunderness
September n - Holimonth (<OE hāligmōnaþ), Sheddingmonth, Harvestmonth (<OE hærfestmōnaþ)
septennium n - yearseven
Septuagesima n - Berueingtide (<OE berwosungtid)
sepulchre n - moldstow (<OE)
sequel n - afterfollowing, forthsetting (<NHG Fortsetzung)
sequence n aftermath, backwash, child, outcome, outgrowth, upshot; string; setup gatherbinding
sequential adj back-to-back, straight, through fayed, gatherbinding
sequoia n - ettinfirwood (cf. NL reuzenpijnboom)
serene adj unruffled, unbothered -
series n line, stream
(entert.) saga (<ON), saw
-
serious adj earnest, unfunny, heavy, weighty -
seriously adv earnestly, thoroughly, wholeheartedly, with heart & soul, willingly, agoodly, weightily -
serpent n snake, worm (<OE wyrm), adder slang (cf. NHG Schlange, NL slang, DN slange)
servant n help, helper; hireling, besteader

housekeeper, maid (fm.), dey (fm.), bondsman, loaf-eater, shalk, man, boy, may, thane, (<OE þegn), thrall, knight, drudge (<OE drēogan)

thew (obs.), theener, theen (<OE þēonest cf. NHG Diener), ambight (<OE ambiht)

serve vb help, dish, hye, bestead, give

thane (<OE þegnian cf. NHG/NL dienen), thew, ambight (<OE geambihtan; onþéowian)

serve

a meal

vb help, give -
server n sender, broadcaster, outputter, mainframe webthew
serf n bondman, thrall -
service n besteading, help, choosing

theenst (<OE þēnest and akin to NHG Dienst), followth (<OE folgþ and ME)


servile adj bowing, scraping; thrallish thewly (<OE þēowlīc)
servitude n - thewdom (<OE þēowdōm)
session n sitting, stint, bout -
settlement (foreign suffix) n hem, thorpe/thorp/dorp, wick, town, whistle-stop settling, hemling, ham
several adj sundry -
severe adj stern, hard, harsh, tough, thorough stoor (<ME stọ̄r), aver (<PG *abraz)
severely adv hardly, roughly, sternly, stiffly; -
sewer n drain, sieve -
sex n kind folkhalf, hoad (<OE hād), kin (cf. IC kyn “gender/sex”, <PG *kunją)
sex n/v kin-making, lovemaking, breeding heamed (<OE hǣmed; said with two syllables), lairteam (<OE leġertēam), wifeamean (<OE wīfġemāna), swiving fleshly knowledge, bysleep (cf. NHG Beischlaf, NL bijslaap)
sexennium n - yearsix
sexual reproduction n breeding swiveful matchyielding, swiveful matchbearing
sexy adj fetching, comely, hot, steamy, sultry,

come-hither

-

Sh[]

shark n haye, dogfish highcarl (cf. ON hákarl), dreadfish, sea dog
shingles n tetter -
Shintoism/Shinto n Way of the Gods Waygoddom, Shintodom (no direct translation)
shoelace n shoestring -
shoe polish n blacking (earliest name for shoe polish) -
shortage n dearth shortdom, shorthood, lack is Germanic but not Old English (seemingly)
show mercy vb spare -
Shōwa (1926–1989 era) n - Enlightfrith, Enlightbliss
Shōwa (1312–1317 era) n - Truefrith, Truebliss
shrapnel n - blastfall, blastrain, blastbits
shrine (<OE) n weved (OED ‘altar’) wighbed (<OE wigbed = altar)

Si[]

Sicillian adj - Sickilish (<OE Sicilisc)
siege vb beleaguer, (um)beset -
Sierra Leone n - Lein (pr. lee-in) Ridgelands
sigil n mark, token, tag, stamp -
sign n token, shingle, mark -
sign vb blaze; onmark, underwrite undertoken (calque of Ger. speech cf. NHG unterzeichnen, NL ondertekenen)
sign language n - token speech (cf. NHG Zeichensprache), deaf talk (calque of Balinese: "kata kolok"), tokening-speech, handchat
signal n bale-fire, beacon -
signaling v bale-firing, beaconing showing
signature n writing, shindling, marking namewrit
significant adj noteworthy, weighty markworthy
signify v show besay (cf. NHG besagen)
silence vb hush, make still, soothe bestill, beroo (cf. NHG beruhigen)
silence n stillness forsowing (<OE forsuwung)roo (Eng., ME ro <OE rō, cf. NHG Ruhe)

bestillness, word-break

silhouette n - shadow-outline
silicon n - flintstuff
similar adj alike, akin akind, samekind
simile n likeness -
simony n church-mongering trade in ecclesiastia; (by a church-monger)
simple adj onefold, untrimmed -
singeress (French endfastening) n - singster (<ME syngster)
single adj one ... only; alone, by oneself -
singular adj (unique) one-of-a-kind, great afold (<ME ōfōld/afōld)
singularity n oneness -
sir n Lord, m’lord har (<ME harre <OE hearra, cf. NHG Herr)
sire n lord har
Sirius n Dog Star, Brightest Star -
site n stead point, location: 

ord (Eng.)

situate vb lay down, ground -
situation n lay? (cf. lay of the land) -
size n greatness, bigness, bulk, fit grete (<ME <OE grīetu, cf. NHG Größe)

Sk[]

Skagerrak n - Scaw Reach, Scawreach; the Gate
skateboard n/vb - wheelboard (cf. IC hjólabretti)
skeleton n frame boneset, boneframe
skeuomorph n - stand-in, toolshape
skeuomorphic adj - toolshapely
skeuomorphism n - toolshapedom

Sl[]

slander n/vb n: smear

vb: belittle, smear, sully, lie

-
slate n/vb n. writing board

vb. plot, slag (Brit.)

n: boardstone (calque of Chinese 板岩 lit. "board stone")
Slav n - Wind (<OE Wined)
slave n bondman, thrall thew (<OE þēow)
slavery n thralldom/thraldom -
Slovak n - Slovakish, Roufrithson's Engliſh: Lemmickiſh (IPA: lɛmikɪʃ)
Slovakia n - Slovakland, Roufrithson's Engliſh: Lemmickland (IPA: lɛmiklænd)
slum n - needmore (slang); wretchstead

Sm[]

smithereens n bits, chips, splinters, shreds, scraps, dust -
smuggler n - owler

Sn[]

snippet (Outborn ending) n snippock -
snow globe/snowglobe n - snowkuggle (<NHG Schneekugel)

So[]

sobriquet n - nickname, ekename
soccer n football altheedish football (United States)
social media n - fellowly middle; friendly sarrow (“miracle, wonder; technology”)
socialism n - allownership
socialist n, adj - -
social/societal adj friendly, sharing -
society n fellowship, friendship, folk; kith and kin

sithership (<OE gesíðscipe)
big: theed/thede (<OE þeod), leedship (<OE léodscipe, from lede), thede, landleed, kinrich (<OE), folkstead (<OE), folkship (<OE folcscipe)

socket n outlet

bone: cup

-
sodium n - saltshaft
soil (part Latin and Norse) n mold, earth, dirt (US) soal (<PG *sulą)
solar adj sun-like, sunly -
solder vb weld, tin lead
soldier n - bern (<ME bern), kemp (cf. OE cempa)
sole (foot) n - ill (<ME ile, cf. IC il), footfolm
solid adj hard fast (dated sense of firm), earthlike (with each state of matter representing one element)
solitude n aloneness, allaloneness -
solstice n sunstead sunwend (cf. NL zonnewende, NHG Sonnenwende), sunstandstill (cf. NL zonnestilstand)
solution n - loosing, loosening (cf. NHG Lösung, SW lösning)
solve vb answer loose, loosen, lease (calque of Ger. speech)
sophisticate v - forbuild (cf. NHG verbilden)
soporific adj - sleep-giving
sorbet n - foam ice (<IC frauðís), water ice (<DN)
sorcerer n wizard, wyle drye (<OE drȳ)
sorcery n witchcraft, dwimmer dreecraft, dryecraft, wylecraft
sorrel n - sourleaf
sound n reard, cling, ring, loudness, pitch, loudening din, sough, yar/yer, loud, loude, lidden (<OE hlýd, OE hlýden, cf. WF lûd, NF Lüt (Söl'ring), NL geluid, NHG Laut, SW ljud, IC hljóð), lemm (<OE hlem)
sound v ring, clink, cling, louden

sound like: to be heard like

to sound like: onhear, hear on (calque: NHG anhören)
soup n broth, gruel -
source n birthplace, root, begetter, dawn, onset, start, spring, wellspring, ere-, quell ordfrom (<OE ord, "point", + from)
sous vide adj - wetbaking
souvenir n - keepsake
sovereign adj - self-standing (cf. SW självständig)

Sp[]

space n room astrology: roomth
spaceship n starship -
spacious adj roomy, wide
spatial adj - roomthy
special adj - sunderly (<OE sundorlīc, cf. NHG sonderlich), besunder (cf. NHG besondere)
specialty n - besunderhood (cf. NHG Besonderheit), ownhood/ownship (cf. NHG Eigenheit/Eigenschaft)
species n - lifekin, lifekind
specific adj outright bestevened (cf. NHG bestimmt) (see steven)
specifically adv only, one, inborn, clean-cut, sharp -
specify v - nemmen (<ME nemnen)
spectator n onlooker -
spend (<PWG) v - outgive (cf. NHG ausgeben)
sphenoid bone n - wedgebone
sphere n ball kuggle* (cf. NHG Kugel) (*Kugel is of either Semitic or Germanic origin)
sphincter n - closethew/closemoussock (cf. NL sluitspier, NHG Schließmuskel)
sphinx n - maidenlee (cf. IC meyljón), wilibilth (calque of Anc. Egyptish šzp-ꜥnḫ)
spice n - wortimong (<OE wyrtgemang), croud (<PWG *krūd; cf. NL kruid)
spillage (foreign suffix) n - spilling
spine n backbone backridge
spirit n gast, gost, ghost, breath, soul, mind ferth (<OE ferhþ)
sponge n - swamb (<OE swamm), soakshaft (from Minecraft)
sport n lark, lake (etym. 2) -
sporty/sportive adj - gamely (<OE gamenlīc and <ME gāmelīch)
spy n/vb sleuth: very late borrowing into Old English (near to 1200AD) from The Orrmulum. speer (<OE spyrian)

loosesheerwere (<OE lēassċēawere)

Sq[]

squadron n - sheltron, shieldtrum (<OE scieldtruma); swathe (cf. NHG Geschwader); stafle (cf. NHG Staffel)
square n - fourside (cf. NL vierkant)

in a city: tey (<OE tēge)

squirrel n aquern O.E. ācweorna, O.N. loan in O.E. scug; skug. shadow-tail

Ss[]

SSD ("Solid State Drive") n - SSD ("Still-Standing Drive" / "Stand Still Drive")

St[]

stabilize v steady, still besteady, bestill
stable n stud horsern (<OE; horse & ern)
stable adj steady, still, steadfast -
stadium n - spurd (<OE spyrd)
-stan sfx - stem (from same PIE root)
standard adj stock, mean -
stapes n stirrup earstirrup, stirrupbone
state vb utter -
state n condition: shape, lay (cf. lay of the land)
polity: moot, riche, -ric (cf. OED)
-
statement n - outsaying (cf. NHG Aussage)
statue n - standbilth (cf. NHG Standbild, NL standbeeld)
status n standing -
statute n - setness
stay vb belive, blive, hold, keep -
stellar adj starly -
sternum n breastbone -
stew n scouse -
stingray n - -
stimulate v goad -
stød (<DN) n - shove, steat (<PWG *stauti)
stomach n maw -
stoppage (foreign suffix) n stop -
storage n - lairing (cf. NHG Lagernung)
store vb keep, hoard -
store n shop chepstow
story n tale, yarn telling, atelling, ortelling (cf. NHG Erzählung), lore
strange adj outlandish, weird, unwonted, wild, odd, freakish, eerie, queer

uncouth

fremd, selcouth (<OE seldcūþ)
stranger n outlander fremder, fremdling, comer (<ME cǒmere)
stratagem n forset -
strategy n plot wyecraft
stray vb wander dwale (<ME dwalen)
street n road, way; roadway wainway, wagonway (to be brooked inborough to tell between the walking path (walkway) and the faring path)
stress n burden, weight, load thrutch (cf. NHG Druck), belasting (cf. NHG Belastung, NL belasting)
stressful adj fraught -
strict adj hash, hard, stern, forbidding -
strive/strife vb/n fight -
structure n makeup, set, setting, frame; building, boards upmake, framework (from Minecraft)
study vb/n learn, swot, either usage

con

(up on), thought; reading

n: learn
student n learner learningchild (<OE leorningcild)
studio n - workstead

movies: filmingstead

stupidity n dumbness, daftness addleheadiness, ass-headiness
stupid adj addled, addled-brained, addled-headed, not-all-there, away in the head/mind, dumb, daft have a dry brain, dwease (<OE dwǣs)
sturgeon n - stoor (<ME stor, <OE styria)
style n kind -
stylus n spear, pecker, picker, stick, shaft, writing tool, needle leadstick

Su[]

sub- pref under-

(subsequent) after-

-
subdue vb beat down -
subdued adj beaten down -
subject v - underthrow (cf. NL onderwerpen, NHG unterwerfen)
subject n thread underthrow (cf. NL onderwerp)
subjunctive adj/n - underlinked (calque of Latin)
submachine gun n - stormgun (cf. NHG Stormgewehr)
submarine n/adj adj: undersea n: U-boat (short for undersea-boat), diveboat (cf. NL duikboot)
submerge vb drench, douse, soak -
submission n willing underwilling, underwill, underwillness, underwillhood
submissive adj underwilling -
submit vb give in, ingive, hand in, send -
submitter n - agiver (cf. NHG Ergeber), ingiver
subordinate n - underoath, underoather, belower
subordinate adj - underoathed
subscribe vb follow underwrite (<OE underwrītan)
subscriber n follower underwriter
subsequent adj next, following -
substance n stuff (but a Germanic (Frankish) root modified through Old French); being anwork (<OE andweorc)
substitute n stand-in, fill-in, back-up -
substitute vb swap, fill in, stand in, go as outtrade (cf. NHG austauschen) replace: aset (cf. NHG ersetzen)
subtitle n - underqueath, undername, understerling
subtle adj low-key -
suburb n - underborough (<OE underburg), foreord (cf. NHG Vorort)
subzero adj below-freezing -
succeed vb go after spow (<OE spówan), awin (<OE āwinnan)
success n - winth, spowing, afollowing, gain
successful adj - spowful, afollowfull, gainful
successor n aftercomer ever (<OE eafora, eafera)
succumb vb fall to alie (alying; alay; alain) (cf. NHG erliegen), undernye (<OE underhnīgan)
sudden adj swift, rushing, rash -
suddenly adv swiftly, rushingly, rashly, forthwith, straightaway -
suffer vb ache, harm thole (<OE þolian, þrowian), undergo (transitive), dree (<OE drēogan), quilm (<OE cwylmian)
suffering n harm, ache, sorrow, woe, smarts quilming (<OE cwylming), tholing, dreeing
suffice vb do, be enough, reach, work, meet (transitive) outreach
sufficiency n enoughness, fulth, fittingness -
sufficient adj enough, done, right, even, fair, fit, befitting, becoming filling, outreaching
suffix n - word tail, endfastening, afterword
suffocate v - adrench (<ME adrenchen)
sugar n - sweethurst (hurst < OE hyrst 'jewel'), shortsweetening, sweetdust

molecule: sweetmote

sugarberry n - sweetberry
sugarcane n - sweetreed (cf. NL suikerriet)
suggest vb imply: foreset, hint, infold

offer: foreset, bid, put forth

imply: ettle, bysay

offer: forthput, rede

suggestion n imply: foreset, hint, infold

offer: foreset, bid

imply: ettle, bysay

offer: forthput, rede

suicide n self-murder, self-killing, self-slaughter -
sui generis adj one-of-a-kind -
suitable adj fit, meet, matched limply (<OE gelimplīc and <ME limplīche)

fadly (<OE fǣdlic)

sulfur n brimstone swevel
sullen n - dark-brooding, blackbrowed.
summit n knap (cf. British) hill head, hill top
sum (up) vb cast up, tell up -
summon vb -gather, call up beswear (cf. NHG beschwören)
summons n -writ beswearings, forlading (cf. NHG Vorladung)
sunflower n - sunbloom, sunblossom (<NHG Sonnenblume)
sun's dwelling n - The sky
super adj/pfx adj: over, overly

pfx: over-

-
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious adj - overfairnessbrokenliatoneliteachworthy
supercilious adj overweening, overbearing, uppish, lofty, high and mighty, stuck-up high-sighted
supercontinent n - overworlddeal, alderworlddeal
superhero n - overheleth
superhuman adj - overman
superior adj overly -
superiority n - overlaying (cf. NHG Überlegenheit)
supermarket n - overcheapstow
supernatural adj otherwordly, unearthly, ghostly -
supernova n - overnew
superposition n - overstelling
supersede vb take over forthringe (cf. NHG verdrängen)
superstition n - idle-belief
supervillain n - overnithing, overnither
supervise vb oversee -
supervisor n overseer -
supplant vb take over; put out, sneak in forthringe (cf. NHG verdrängen); overnim
supplement n eking out togive
supply n yield, stock, spring -
supply vb yield, feed, fill, afford -
support vb shore (unknown origin, found in Germanic languages), back up, forward, foster, upbring, uphold, underprop, upstart, underset, frame (obsolete), back bestaddle, understut (cf. NHG unterstützen), stut (<SC)
support n back up, upholding, backing shore (unknown origin, found in Germanic languages), fultum
suppose vb ween, believe, guess, think, reckon forethink
suppress vb put down forthrutch (<OE forþryċċan)
sure adj wis, set -
surface n topside, overside, overlay, layer overflat (cf. NHG Oberfläche)
surfeit v forset -
surge n - streamwhelm
surgeon n sawbones woundleech (cf. NHG Wundarzt)
surname n last name -
surpass vb overtake -
surprise vb stun, astound, overcome, overtake overrush (NHG überraschen)
surrender vb yield, hand over, give up overgive
surround vb beset, forset, hem in, enring, inring umbstand (<OE ymbstandan), umbgive (cf. NL omgeven; NHG umgeben), umbring (cf. NL omringen; NHG umringen)
survival n overliving
survive vb outlive, live on, after-live overlive (<OE oferlibban), overstand (<OE oferstandan), alive (<OE alibban)
survey vb/n -look over umfrain or umbfrain (cf. NHG Umfrage)
susceptibility n openness, givenness, helplessness -
susceptible adj given, open; helpless alout (<OE áloten) v. forthlout (<OE forþlútan); onfally (<NHG anfällig) (see onfall)
suspect vb mistrust, underlook forthink (cf. NL/NHG verdenken)
suspend vb -hang, hang from hang freely: uphang (cf. NL ophangen, NHG aufhängen)
suspicion n mistrustfulness, underlook forthought (cf. NL verdachting, NHG Verdacht)
suspicious adj mistrustful, wary forthoughtful/ forthoughty (cf. NL verdacht)
sustain vb underhold, uphold, stay -
suitable adj fit, meet -

Sw[]

Swabia n - Swabeland, Sweaveland (<OE Swǣfaland)
Swabian n - Swabish, Sweavish (<OE Swǣfisc)
swastika n fylfot, gleerune (as a religious symbol) hookrood, hookgallow (cf. NHG Hakenkreuz)
Sweden (<MNL) n - Swedeland (<NE), Sweeriche (<OE Swēorīce), Sweeland (<OE Swēoland), Sweethede (<OE Swēoþēod).

Sy[]

syllable n wordbit, speechbit staveset, staffle/stavle (cf. SW stavelse), staffgrip(e)/stavegrip(e) (cf. NL lettergreep)
symbol n mark, token, tag, stamp -
symmetry n -evenness foldmatch
sympathy n -understanding sithfeeling (calque)
symptom n - coathemark
syndrome n - coathedom
synesthesia n - linked feeling (calque)
synonym n likeword, selfsame, sameness, kinword otherword
synonymous with prep the same as, akin to -
system n layout, makeup, setup network, stellel (cf. NL stelsel), outlay, upmake
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