English Wordbook/S

Staff S of the English Wordbook.

Basic abbreviations:

• OE = Old English
• ME = Middle English
• SC = Scots
• WF = West Frish
• NF = North Frish
• SF = Saterlandish Frish
• WLG = West Low Theech
• ELG = East Low Theech
• NL = Netherlandish
• NHG = New High Theech
• IC = Icelandish
• HIC = High Icelandish
• NO = Nornish
• SW = Swedish
• DN = Danish
• MLG = Middle Low Theech
• MNL = Middle Netherlandish
• MHG = Middle High Theech
• OF = Old Frish
• OS = Old Saxish
• OHG = Old High Theech
• ON = Old Norse
• GO = Gottish
• PWG = Or-West-Theedish
• PG = Or-Theedish

For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Staffs under English Wordbook/S:

Sa Sb Sc Sd Se Sf Sg Sh Si Sj Sk Sl Sm Sn So Sp Sq Sr Ss St Su Sv Sw Sx Sy Sz

*Note: If you click on one of the links above, and nothing happens, then that means no words have been put forth for that bookstaff as of yet.

Chancery English	Class	Anglish/English
		Attested	Unattested
space	n	room	astrology: roomth
spaceship	n	starship	-
spacious	adj	roomy, wide
spatial	adj	-	roomthy
special	adj	-	besunder (cf. NHG besondere), sunderly (<OE sundorlic, cf. NHG sonderlich)
specialty	n	-	besunderhood (cf. NHG Besonderheit), ownhood/ship (cf. NHG Eigenheit/schaft)
species	n	-	lifekin, lifekind
specific	adj	outright	bestemed, bestevened (cf. NHG bestimmt) (see steven)
specifically	adv	only, one, inborn, clean-cut, sharp
sphenoid bone	n	-	wedgebone
sphere	n	ball	kuggle* (cf. NHG Kugel) (*Kugel is of either Semitic or Germanic origin)
sphincter	n	-	closethew/closemoussock (cf. Du. sluitspier, NHG Schließmuskel)
sphinx	n	-	maidenlee (cf. Ic. meyljón), wilibilth (calque of Anc. Egyptian šzp-ꜥnḫ)
spice	n	-	croud (cf. Du. kruid)
spillage (foreign suffix)	n	-	spilling
spine	n	backbone	backridge
spirit	n	gast, gost, ghost, breath, soul, mind	ferth (<OE ferhþ)
sponge	n	-	swamb (<OE swamm)
sport	n	lark, lake (etym. 2)	-
sporty/sportive	adj		gamely (<OE gamenlīc and <ME gāmelīch)
spy	n/vb	sleuth: very late borrowing into Old English (near to 1200AD) from The Orrmulum.	speer (<OE spyrian) loosesheerwere (<OE lēassċēawere)
squadron	n	-	sheltron, shieldtrum (<OE scieldtruma); swathe (cf. NHG Geschwader); stafle (cf. NHG Staffel)
square	n	-	fourside (cf. Du. vierkant) in a city: tey (<OE tēge)
squirrel	n	aquern O.E. ācweorna, O.N. loan in O.E. scug; skug.	shadow-tail
SSD ("Solid State Drive")	n	-	SSD ("Still-Standing Drive" / "Stand Still Drive")
stabilize	v	steady, still	besteady, bestill
stable	n	stud	- horsern (O.E) horse & ern)
stable	adj	steady, still, steadfast	-
stadium	n	-	spurd (<OE spyrd), Ger. Rennbahn
-stan	sfx	-	stem (from same PIE root)
standard	adj	stock, mean	-
stapes	n	stirrup	earstirrup, stirrupbone
state	vb	utter	-
state	n	condition: shape, lay (cf. lay of the land) polity: moot, rich	-
statue	n	-	standbilth (cf. Ger. Standbild; Du. Standbeeld)
status	n	rank	-
statute	n	-	setness
stay	vb	belive, blive, hold, keep	-
stellar	adj	starly	-
sternum	n	breastbone	-
stew	n	scouse	-
stingray	n	-	-
stomach	n	maw	-
stoppage (foreign suffix)	n	stop	-
storage	n	-	lairing (cf. NHG Lagernung)
store	vb	keep, hoard	-
store	n	shop	chepstow
story	n	tale, yarn	telling, atelling, ortelling (cf. NHG Erzählung), lore
strange	adj	outlandish, weird, unwonted, wild, odd, freakish, eerie, queer uncouth	fremd, seldcouth (<OE seldcūþ)
stranger	n	outlander	fremder, fremdling, cume (<OE "cuma"), seldcouthend
stratagem	n	forset	-
strategy	n	plot	wyecraft
stray	vb	wander	dwale (<ME dwalen)
street	n	road, way; roadway	wainway, wagonway (to be brooked inborough to tell between the walking path (walkway) and the faring path)
stress	n	burden, weight, load	thrutch (cf. NHG Druck), belasting (cf. NHG belastung, Du. belasting)
stressful	adj	fraught	-
strict	adj	hash, hard, stern, forbidding	-
strive/strife	vb/n	fight	-
structure	n	makeup, set, setting, frame; building, boards	upmake
study	vb/n	learn, swot, either usage con (up on), thought; reading	n: learn
student	n	learner	learningchild (<OE leorningcild)
studio	n	-	workstead movies: filmingstead
stupidity	n	dumbness	addleheadiness, ass-headiness,
stupid	adj	addled, addled-brained, addled-headed, not-all-there, away in the head/mind, dumb	have a dry brain, dwease (<OE dwǣs)
sturgeon	n	-	stoor (<ME stor, <OE styria)
style	n	kind	-
stylus	n	spear, pecker, picker, stick, shaft, writing tool, needle	leadstick
sub-	pref	under- (subsequent) after-	-
subdue	vb	beat down	-
subdued	adj	beaten down	-
subject	v	thread	underthrow (cf. Du. onderwerpen, NHG. unterwerfen)
subject	n	-	underthrow (cf. D. onderwerp)
subjunctive	adj/n	-	underlinked (claque of Latin)
submarine	n/adj	adj: undersea	n: U-boat (short for undersea-boat), diveboat (cf. Du. duikboot)
submerge	vb	drench, douse, soak	-
submission	n	willing	underwilling, underwill, underwillness, underwillhood
submissive	adj	underwilling	-
submit	vb	give in, ingive, hand in, send	-
submitter	n	-	agiver (cf. NHG Ergeber), ingiver
subordinate	n	-	underoath, underoather, belower
subordinate	adj	-	underoathed
subscribe	vb	follow	underwrite (<OE underwritan)
subscriber	n	follower	underwriter
substance	n	stuff (but a G (Frankish) root modified through Old French); being	anwork (<OE andweorc)
substitute	n	stand-in, fill-in, back-up	-
substitute	vb	swap, fill in, stand in, go as	outtrade (cf. NHG. austauschen) replace: aset (cf. NHG ersetzen)
subtitle	n	-	underqueath, undername, understerling
subtle	adj	low-key	-
suburb	n	-	underborough (<OE underburg), foreord (cf. NHG Vorort)
subzero	adj	below-freezing	-
succeed	vb	go after	spow (<OE spówan), awin (<OE āwinnan)
success	n	-	winth, spowing, afollowing, gain
successful	adj	-	spowful, afollowfull, gainful
successor	n	aftercomer
succumb	vb	fall to	alie (alying; alay; alain) (cf. NHG erliegen), undernick (<OE underhnigan)
sudden	adj	swift, rushing, rash	-
suddenly	adv	swiftly, rushingly, rashly, forthwith, straightaway	-
suffer	vb	ache, harm	thole (<OE þolian, þrowian), undergo (transitive), dree (<OE drēogan), quilm (<OE cwylmian)
suffering	n	harm, ache, sorrow, woe, smarts	tholing, dreeing, quilming (<OE cwylming)
suffice	vb	do, be enough, reach, work, meet (transitive)	outreach
sufficiency	n	enoughness, fulth, fittingness	-
sufficient	adj	enough, done, right, even, fair, fit, befitting, becoming	filling, outreaching
suffix	n	-	word tail, endfastening, afterword
sugar	n	-	sweethurst (hurst is old english for crystal), sweetstuff molecule: sweetmote
sugarcane	n	-	sweetreed (cf. Du. suikerriet)
suggest	vb	imply: foreset, hint, infold offer: foreset, bid, put forth	imply: ettle, bysay offer: forthput, rede
suggestion	n	imply: foreset, hint, infold offer: foreset, bid	imply: ettle, bysay offer: forthput, rede
suicide	n	self-murder, self-killing, self-slaughter
sui generis	adj	one-of-a-kind	-
suitable	adj	-	limply (<OE gelimplīc and <ME limplīche) fadly (<OE fǣdlic)
sulfur	n	brimstone	swevel
sullen	n		dark-brooding, blackbrowed.
summit	n		hill head, hill top
sum (up)	vb	cast up, tally up	-
summon	vb	-	beswear (cf. NHG beschören)
summons	n	-	beswearings, forlading (cf. NHG Vorladung)
sunflower	n	-	sunbloom, sunblossom (<NHG. Sonnenblume)
sun's dwelling	n	-	The sky
super	adj/pfx	adj: over, overly pfx: over-	-
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious	adj	-	overfairnessbrokenliatoneliteachworthy
supercillious	adj	overweening, overbearing, uppish, lofty, high and mighty, stuck-up	high-sighted
supercontinent	n		overworlddeal
superhero	n	-	overheleth
superhuman	adj	-	overman
superior	adj	overly	-
superiority	n	-	overlaying (cf. NHG Überlegenheit)
supermarket	n	-	overchepstow
supernatural	adj	otherwordly, unearthly, ghostly	-
supernova	n	-	overnew
superposition	n	-	overstelling
supersede	vb	take over	forthring (cf. NHG verdrängen)
superstition	n	-	idle-belief
supervillain	n	-	overnithing, overnither
supervise	vb	oversee	-
supervisor	n	overseer	-
supplant	vb	take over	forthring (cf. NHG verdrängen)
supplement	n	-	togive
supply	n	yield, stock, spring	-
supply	vb	yield, feed, fill, afford	-
support	vb	shore (unknown origin, found in Germanic languages), back up, forward, foster, upbring, uphold, underprop, upstart, underset, frame (obsolete)	bestaddle, understut (cf. NHG unterstützen), stut (< Scots)
support	n	back up, upholding	shore (unknown origin, found in Germanic languages), fultum
suppose	vb	ween, believe, guess, think, reckon	forethink
suppress	vb		forthrutch (<OE forþryċċan)
sure	adj	wis, set	-
surface	n	overlay, layer, overside	-
surfeit	v	forset	-
surge	n		streamwhelm
surgeon	n	sawbones	woundleech (cf. NHG Wundarzt)
surname	n	last name	-
surpass	vb	overtake	-
surprise	vb	stun, astound, overcome, overtake	overrush (NHG überraschen)
surrender	vb	yield, hand over, give up	overgive
surround	vb	beset, forset, hem in, enring, inring	umbgive (cf. Du. omgeven; NHG umgeben), umbring (cf. Du. omringen; NHG umringen), umbstand (<OE ymbstandan)
survive	vb	outlive, live on, after-live	overlive (<OE oferlibban), overstand (<OE oferstandan), alive (<OE alibban)
survey	vb/n		umfrain or umbfrain (cf. NHG Umfrage)
susceptibility	n	openness, givenness, helplessness	-
susceptible	adj	given, open; helpless	alout (<OE áloten) v. forthlout (<OE forþlútan); onfally (<NHG. anfällig) (see onfall)
suspect	vb	mistrust, underlook	forthink (cf. Du./NHG. verdenken)
suspend	vb	-	hang freely: uphang (cf. Du. ophangen, NHG aufhängen)
suspicion	n	mistrustfulness, underlook	forthought (cf. Du. verdachting, NHG. verdacht)
suspicious	adj	mistrustful, wary	forthoughtful/ forthoughty (cf. Du. verdacht)
sustain	vb	underhold, uphold, stay	-
suitable	adj	fit	-