("Fool" is a French loanword.) |
m (added folkdom and folkdomer for socialism and socialist) Tag: Visual edit |
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|'''slavery''' |
|'''slavery''' |
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|n |
|n |
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− | |thraldom |
+ | |thralldom/thraldom |
| |
| |
||
|- |
|- |
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| ''n'' |
| ''n'' |
||
| thralldom; churlishness |
| thralldom; churlishness |
||
− | | rikeownership; allownership; worldrike, oneworldreevedom; fellowdoom, rikedom, unfolk, endfolk; allbinding, manbinding; “manbinding by the thralls, bindrike of the churls, worldreevedom of the knaves” (< ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’) |
+ | | rikeownership; allownership; worldrike, oneworldreevedom; fellowdoom, folkdom, rikedom, unfolk, endfolk; allbinding, manbinding; “manbinding by the thralls, bindrike of the churls, worldreevedom of the knaves” (< ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’) |
|- |
|- |
||
| '''socialist''' |
| '''socialist''' |
||
| ''n, adj'' |
| ''n, adj'' |
||
| enthraller; churl |
| enthraller; churl |
||
− | | rikeowned; rikebinder, manbinder, fellowshiply, fellowdoomish; folkender, folksfoe; worldthrall |
+ | | rikeowned; rikebinder, manbinder, fellowshiply, fellowdoomish; folkender, folkdomer, folksfoe; worldthrall |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''social/societal''' |
|'''social/societal''' |
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|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
|reard, cling, ring, loudness, pitch, loudening |
|reard, cling, ring, loudness, pitch, loudening |
||
− | |din, sough, yar/yer, loud, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loude#English loude], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lidden lidden](<OE hlýd, OE hl<span>ýden, cf. NHG. Laut, Du. geluid, Dan. lyd, Swed. ljud, Icel. hljóð) |
+ | |din, sough, yar/yer, loud, [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loude#English loude], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lidden lidden](<OE hlýd, OE hl<span>ýden, cf. NHG. Laut, Du. geluid, Dan. lyd, Swed. ljud, Icel. hljóð) |
<span> |
<span> |
||
<span> |
<span> |
||
− | <span> </span> |
+ | <span> </span> |
<span> |
<span> |
||
<span> |
<span> |
||
− | <span>lemm (<OE "hlem") </span> |
+ | <span>lemm (<OE "hlem") </span> |
<span> |
<span> |
||
<span> |
<span> |
||
− | <span> </span> |
+ | <span> </span> |
<span> |
<span> |
||
<span> </span> |
<span> </span> |
||
− | <span> </span> |
+ | <span> </span> |
<span> </span> |
<span> </span> |
||
|- |
|- |
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|''adj'' |
|''adj'' |
||
|given, open; helpless |
|given, open; helpless |
||
− | | alout (<OE áloten) v. forthlout (<OE forþlútan); onfally (<NHG. <strong>anfällig) ''(see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onfall onfall])'' |
+ | | alout (<OE áloten) v. forthlout (<OE forþlútan); onfally (<NHG. <strong>anfällig) ''(see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onfall onfall])'' |
|- |
|- |
||
|'''suspect''' |
|'''suspect''' |
Revision as of 07:57, 2 June 2020
Staff S of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WLG = West Low Theech
- ELG = East Low Theech
- NL = Netherlandish
- NHG = New High Theech
- IC = Icelandish
- HIC = High Icelandish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Theech
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Theech
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Theech
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
Chancery English | Class | Anglish/English | |||||
Attested | Unattested | ||||||
sabotage | vb | cripple, undermine? (mine is from Old French) | underdelve (from undermine) | ||||
saboteur | n | - | crippler | ||||
sacred | adj | holy, hallowed | - | ||||
Sacrament | n | holy oath, holy undertaking, hallowing | forhallowing, holywork, holy work, holy-work (<OE haligweorc) | ||||
sacrifice | vb/n | give, give up, | bloot (<OE blotan), offer/offering | ||||
sacrilege | n | unholiness | holishending (cf. Du heiligshennis) (to shend, to defile) | ||||
sacrilegious | adj | unholy, sinful | - | ||||
sacrosanct | adj | holy, hallowed | - | ||||
sacrum | n | - | holybone, roodbone | ||||
sadism | n | fiendishness, heartlessness | meanlove, meanlust | ||||
sadistic | adj | heartless, coldhearted | overtuly | ||||
safe | n | strongbox | - | ||||
safe | adj | sound, fast; white; trusty, good, sheltered, shielded | - | ||||
safety | n | shelter, wholeness, soundness, frith (archaic) | munding, berg, frith | ||||
safe space | n | haven, hugbox | frithyard (<OE friþġeard) | ||||
sagacious | adj |
insightful, wise, witty, foresightful |
rede hedging, redhedging (<OE rǽdhycgende) hyesnotter (<OE hygesnottor) redesnotter, redsnotter (<OE rǽdsnotor) searthinkle (<OE searuþancol) shedwise (<OE scéadwís) smighful, smigh (<OE sméah) wisefast (<OE wísfæst) awittle, yarewittle (<OE gearuwitol) | ||||
sagacity | n | wit-hood, withood, wit and wisdom. | |||||
Saint (St.) | n | Holy | - | ||||
saint | n | - | holyman, hallow | ||||
sainthood | n | hallowdom | - | ||||
saliva | n | spit | - | ||||
salamander | n | - | landwater athex, land-newt, land-eft | ||||
salary | n | earnings, income, salt | toll | ||||
sally | vb/n | outfall | |||||
salmon | n | - | lax (<OE leax, cf. NHG Lachs, Yid. לאַקס (laks), ON, Ic. Sw. lax, Dn. Nw. laks) | ||||
saltire | n | Andrew's Rood (cross) | - | ||||
salutary | n | friendly, good, helpful, kindly; good, healthy, wholesome | - | ||||
salutation | n | greeting, welcome, hail | - | ||||
salvation | n | lifeline |
redding (<OE hreddung) halwendness (<OE hālwendnes) | ||||
salvo | n | unload, outburst | - | ||||
sample | vb | to have a smack of, fore smack | - | ||||
samurai | n | -Easternwye | dawnlandish knight | ||||
sanctify | vb | hallow, behallow | - | ||||
sanctioned | adj | law-hallowed | |||||
sanctuary | n | haven, grith, holyroom, hallow, holystead, frithhouse, frithstow | - | ||||
sane | n | - | witfast | ||||
sans | prep | without | - | ||||
Santa Claus | n | Father Christmas | - | ||||
sapient | n | much wise; aware | - | ||||
sapphire | adj/n | - | bluehurst | ||||
sarcophagus | n | - | stonethrough
sunkingthrough (Egypt) | ||||
sasquatch | n | Bigfoot | - | ||||
Satanism | n | -Heathenish | Ostroth; Satandom; Satan-worship | ||||
satchel | n | knapsack, rucksack | - | ||||
satellite | n | moon |
artificial: ironmoon, swail searsender, umworld loftvat ("around-world-air-vessel" att'd on the Old English Wikipedia as ymbeworuldlyftfæt) / * NB: 'ump-' as in 'umpteen' = around an amount | ||||
satiate | vb | fulfill, quench, slake | - | ||||
satire(ist) | n | heaning, heancraft(er), heanwriting(er) | - | ||||
satisfaction | n | gladness |
cwemeness, quemeness (<OE cwemness), eadiness itheness (<OE īeðnes) | ||||
satisfy | vb | gladden, slake, fulfill, sate, quench |
queme, afill, befrith, sede (<OE ġesēdan) | ||||
saturate | vb | sop, soak, steep | indrench (<OE indrencan)
sab (cf. SC sab) | ||||
Saturday | n | - | Old English Sætern(es)dæg, translation of Latin Saturni dies ‘day of Saturn’, the ancient Roman god of agriculture | ||||
sauce | n | dip | - | ||||
sauerkraut | n | - | sourcole, sourkale | ||||
sauna | n | steam room | hot-house, hotroom, sweatbath | ||||
sausage | n | pudding, banger | swineflesh, meary (<OE mearh), worsh (cf. G. wurst) | ||||
savage | adj/n | wild; wilder | wildard | ||||
savanna | n | - | wendringly grassland
barelands (cf. Eng. barrens) | ||||
save | vb | spare; keep, hold | nerry (<OE nerian, akin to NHG nähren, cf. OE herian -> NE herry)<br />redd (<OE hreddan 'to free from recover rescue save take away') berg/barrow (<OE beorgan 'to save, preserve', Goth bairgan, OHG bergan, ON bjarga) hain, stow, hoard, heal | ||||
savior | n | -sparer | healand (cf. NHG Heiland, from OHG Heliand 'the healing one') halend, healer, healant (<OE hælend, in light of MnE 'coolant') ner(i)gend (<OE, 'the Savior', cf. nerian) | ||||
savory | adj | -smeckfull | hearthaft (cf. NHG herzhaft) defty (cf. NHG deftig) | ||||
Saxon | n | Saxish | |||||
Saxony | n | Saxland (<OE Seaxland) Sexland Saxes Saxen | |||||
saxophone | n | saxhorn | - | ||||
scald | vb | forseethe | - | ||||
scale | vb | climb | - | ||||
scale | n | layout, frame, framework, mete, setup | animal skin: shale (<M. Eng. schale) | ||||
scalpel | n | - | leechsax | ||||
scandium | n | scadistuff (<OE scedenig "south end of Sweden") | |||||
scapegoat |
n | - | fenman (from Old Dutch thews of offering a man-bloot by either throwing the chosen into a fen, lynching them or throwing them into streams to undo the anger of the gods.); folk-devil. | ||||
scaphoid bone | n | - | boatbone | ||||
scapula | n | shoulderbone, wingbone | - | ||||
scar | n | blight, blotch, flaw, pockmark, wale, weal, wheal, wen, welt | |||||
scarabaeus stercoreous | n | - | turd-weevil | ||||
scarce | adj | light, sparing; lacking, low, shy, wanting | - | ||||
scarcely | adv | barely, hardly, narrowly, slightly | - | ||||
scarcity | n | lack, shortness, seldomness, fewness, dearth | - | ||||
scarf | n | - | neckcloth (cf. Sw. halsduk; Dn. halstørklæde | ||||
scarlet | adj | bawsebrown | wormred (<OE wyrmread) | ||||
scatophilia | n | - | dritelust | ||||
scatter | vb | broadcast, cast, deal out, go-off, go through, let go, oversow, overspread, put to flight, spread, strew | - | ||||
scene | n | background, setting; blowup, fireworks; footing | - | ||||
schadenfreude | "n" | harmglee; warkglee | |||||
schizoid | adj | - | splitlike (calque of Gk. schizein "split, break, shatter" and -oeides "like")
cleavemindy; mindcleavish | ||||
schizophrenia | n | - | splitmindness, shattermindness (calques of Gk. schizein "split, break, shatter" and phrēn "mind, understaing") kithshatter, kithcleave (cf. Ic. geðclofi) wit-cleftness | ||||
scholar | n | learner; bookman | loreman; fieldknower, learnand; writman; wordman; booklover | ||||
scholarship | n | knowledge, learning | bookhood, loreship; writdom | ||||
school | n | - | lorehall, learnhall? | ||||
science | n | knowledge, ken; lore, wisdom | witship (cf. Du. wetenschap, NHG Wissenschaft); kendom | ||||
scientist | n | knower |
witshipper (cf. Du. wetenschapper, NHG Wissenschaftler) loreman, kenman, knowledgeman | ||||
scientific | adj | wisdomly, cunning; -craftly | worldkenly, witshiply, lorely | ||||
scientific language | n | - |
craftspeech (<OE cræftspræc); cunningtongue | ||||
scintillate | vb | sparkle, flash, shine, leam | - | ||||
scissors | n | blades | shears (Scots cf. NHG. Scheren) | ||||
-scope | sfx | - | -seer | ||||
scorpion | n | - | stingtail, night-sting | ||||
scoundrel | n | - | makeshift | ||||
scout | n | pathfinder | foretrekker (< Afr. voortrekker, 'pioneer') | ||||
scowling | adj | - | black-browed | ||||
screen | n | sheet, sail; shroud | shirm (<PG skirmiz, compare Du. scherm NHG. Schirm) | ||||
scribe | n | writer, logger | bookman | ||||
scrotum | n | ballsack*, sack* (*but "sack" is from Latin saccus); hanger | cod (<OE codd)
ballbag (Scots bawbag, OE. beall and ON. baggi) sceallen bag (<OE sceallan "testicles"; <ON baggi) | ||||
scrutinize | vb | - | scrut (<OE scrutinan)
gaumgive (<Ic. gaumgæfa) | ||||
scrutiny | n | - | shroutening (<OE sċrūtnung) | ||||
scuba | n | - | siubt (Self-Inheld Underwater Breathing Tool) | ||||
sea monster | n | merfiend | fivel (<OE) | ||||
search | vb | seek; rake, comb, delve, hunt, cape | nease (<OE neosan, to search out, find out by enquiry) speer (<OE spyrian) | ||||
search word | n | headword | seekword | ||||
season | n | time, tide | sele (<ME), yeartime, yeartide (by analogy from German Jahrzeit) | ||||
seat of joy | n | - | gleestool (<OE glīwstōl) | ||||
sebum | n | tallow | - | ||||
secede | vb | leave, withdraw, cleave, sunder, split off | offsplit | ||||
secession | n | selfhhod, self-standing, freedom; withdrawal, walking away, breakaway, breakup, cleaving, sundering, splitting off | selfstead; offsplitting; frith | ||||
secessionist | n | freedomfighter | offsplitter | ||||
second | n | moment: tick, eyeblink |
nutlog (hour: log, minute: shortlog) | ||||
second | adj | twoth | next, other, after (obsolete), twithe (twi- + th as in four-th) | ||||
secret | adj/n |
adj: dern, hidden, withdrawn, unseen, inward, stealthy, untold, unbeheld, underground, underhanded, hushhush, inly n: dern |
n: hiddle (<OE hydels), dyle (<ME diȝel, <OE dīegol)
hushthought, hushword | ||||
secret society | n | - | himebind (cf. NHG "geheimbund") stealthfay (cf. Ic. "seynifélagið"), hidden guild | ||||
secretary | n | reeve; helper, greeter | inwriter | ||||
secrete | vb | seep, leak, ooze | - | ||||
sect | n | block, body | afterfollowing (<OE æfterfylgung) | ||||
section | n | bit, block | |||||
secular | adj | worldly, of this world, earthly | - | ||||
secular | n | worldling; worldhood | - | ||||
secularize | vb | - | formean, forworlden (cf. NHG verweltlichen) | ||||
secure | adj |
belayed, fast, steadfast |
- | ||||
secure | vb | shield, ward; ice; more, set, fasten | mound (<OE mundian 'to protect, shelter, guard) | ||||
security | n | fastness; stronghold, bulwark | sickerness
sickerhood (NHG. Sicherheit) | ||||
sediment | n | dregs, silt, draff, dross | - | ||||
seduce | vb | fortee, lead on | spane (<OE spanan), adwell | ||||
segment | n | lith; string, thread | - | ||||
segregation | n | - | beshedding, asunderhood | ||||
seize | vb | hold, hend, clutch, take, gripe |
fang (<OE fangen), reach (<OE geræcan), lach/laght, laught, or lachen for past tense, participle, or as an adjective (<ME lacchen, cf. OE læccan) | ||||
seizure | n | fit | - | ||||
select | vb | choose, pick, wale | - | ||||
selenium | n | - | moonstuff | ||||
self-effacement | n | - | self-naughting | ||||
self-esteem | n | self-worth | - | ||||
self-restraint | n | - | forhaveness (<OE forhæfnes) | ||||
semester | n | sixmonth, half-year | - | ||||
seminar | n | workshop | - | ||||
sempiternity | n | - | endlessness, unendinghood, alwayness, everlastingness | ||||
semi- | pref | half-, sam-/sand-/some- (<OE sam-) | - | ||||
semicircle | n | - | halfring, samring | ||||
semisphere | n | - | halfball, samball | ||||
senate | n | witenagemot | witansmoot, witansimoot; eldermoot [elder: <L. senex + moot (council)] | ||||
senator | n | witan | folkwit (<OE folcwita), elder | ||||
senile | adj | doddery, doddering, elderly, old, doted | - | ||||
senior | n | - | sinny (cf PG sinīgaz and calque of Goth sineigs) | ||||
senior citizens | n | elderly, old folks, eldfolk, eldman, the old | - | ||||
sensate | adj | feeling | - | ||||
sensation | n | 1. feeling | 2. upthrill | ||||
sensational | adj | amazing | wuldersome | ||||
sense | n | 1.feeling 2. meaning; wit | seave (<OE sefa) | ||||
sense | vb | feel | - | ||||
senses | n | the five wits | |||||
sensible | vb | - | feelbere (calque), begetful | ||||
sensitive | adj | feeling, keen, sharp | - | ||||
sentence | n | wordset; byword, saw (etym. 2), wordstring, saying | cwide (<ME, OE cwide) | ||||
sentence | vb | doom | - | ||||
sententious | adj | pithy | - | ||||
sentience | n | awareness | awaredom (obsolete OED word) | ||||
sentient life | n | wight, being | - | ||||
sentiment | n | feeling, thought | - | ||||
separate | vb | sunder, split, break, cleave, fork | shed (<ME sheden: cf. NHG/Du. scheiden) | ||||
separate | adj | sundry, freestanding, sundered cleave, cloven |
shedded | ||||
separation | n | splitting, split | shedding, asunderhood | ||||
September | n | - | Holymonth (which was noted in OE), Sheddingmonth, Harvestmonth (<OE) | ||||
Septuagesima | n | - | Berueingtide (<OE berwosungtid) | ||||
sequel | n | - | afterfollowing, forthsetting (<NHG Fortsetzung) | ||||
sequence | n | aftermath, backwash, child, outcome, outgrowth, upshot; string; setup | gatherbinding | ||||
sequential | adj | back-to-back, straight, through | fayed, gatherbinding | ||||
sequoia | n | - | ettinfirwood (cf. Du. reuzenpijnboom) | ||||
series | n | line, stream (entert.) saga |
- | ||||
serious | adj | earnest, unfunny, heavy, weighty | - | ||||
seriously | adv | earnestly, thoroughly, wholeheartedly, with heart & soul, willingly, agoodly, weightily | - | ||||
serpent | n | snake, worm (<OE wyrm), adder | slang (cf. NHG Schlange, Du. slang, Da. slange) | ||||
servant | n | help, helper; hireling, besteader
housekeeper, maid (fm.), dey (fm.), bondsman, loaf-eater, shalk, man, boy, may, thane, (<OE þegn), thrall, knight |
thew (obs.) theener, theen (<OE þēonest cf. NHG Diener) ambight (<OE ambiht) | ||||
serve | vb | help, dish, hye, bestead, give |
theen (<OE þeġnian cf. NHG/Du. dienen) thew, ambight (<OE geambihtan; onþéowian) | ||||
serve
a meal |
vb | help, give | mess (<ME messen)
"Could you mess out the bread and ale for our guests?" | ||||
server | n | sender, broadcaster, outputter, mainframe | - | ||||
serf | n | bondman, thrall | - | ||||
service | n | besteading, help, choosing |
theen (<OE þēnest, cf. NHG Dienst) betheening (cf. NHG Bedienung) folgth (OE folgþ, ME, EME) | ||||
servile | adj | bowing, scraping; thrallish | thewly (<OE þéowlic) | ||||
session | n | sitting, stint | - | ||||
settlement | n | hem, thorpe/thorp/dorp, wick, town, whistle-stop | settlening, hemling, ham | ||||
several | adj | sundry | - | ||||
severe | adj | stern, hard, harsh, tough, thorough | - | ||||
severely | adv | hardly, roughly, sternly, stiffly; | - | ||||
sewer | n | drain, sieve | - | ||||
sex | n | kind | folkhalf, hade | ||||
sex act | n | kin-making, lovemaking, breeding | swiving, heamedlock (<OE hæmedlac) fleshly knowledge, bysleep (cf. NHG Beischlaf, DU bijslaap) | ||||
sexual reproduction | n | breeding | swiveful matchyielding, swiveful matchbearing | ||||
sexy | adj |
fetching, comely, hot, steamy, sultry, come-hither |
- | ||||
shantytown | n | ||||||
shark | n | haye, dogfish | highcarl (cf. O.N. hákarl), dreadfish, sea dog | ||||
shingles | n | tetter | - | ||||
shoelace | n | shoestring | - | ||||
shoe polish | n | blacking (earliest name for shoe polish) | |||||
shortage | n | dearth |
shortdom, shorthood; lack is Germanic but not Old English (seemingly) | ||||
show mercy | vb | spare | orefast/arfast (<OE ārfæstan) | ||||
shrapnel | n | - | blastfall, blastrain, blastbits | ||||
shrine | n | weved (OED ‘altar’) | wighbed (<OE wigbed = altar) | ||||
siege | vb | beleaguer, (um)beset | - | ||||
Sierra Leone | n | - | Lein (pr. lee-in) Ridgelands | ||||
sign | n | token, shingle, mark | - | ||||
sign | vb | blaze; onmark, underwrite | undertoken (calque of Ger. speech cf. NHG unterzeichnen, Du. ondertekenen) | ||||
signal | n | bale-fire, beacon | - | ||||
signaling | v | bale-firing, beaconing | showing | ||||
significant | adj | noteworthy, weighty | markworthy | ||||
signify | v | show | |||||
sign language | n | deaf talk (calque of Balinese: "kata kolok") | |||||
silence | vb | hush, make still, soothe | bestill, beroo (cf. NHG beruhigen) | ||||
silence | n | stillness | forsowing (<OE forsuwung), roo (Eng., ME ro <OE rō, cf. NHG Ruhe )
bestillness, word-break. | ||||
silicon | n | - | flintstuff | ||||
similar | adj | alike, akin | akind, samekind | ||||
simile | n | likeness | - | ||||
simple | adj | onefold, untrimmed | - | ||||
single | adj | one ... only; alone, by oneself | - | ||||
singular | adj | (unique) one-of-a-kind, great | |||||
singularity | n | oneness | |||||
sir | n | Lord, m’lord | har (<ME harre<OE hearra, cf. NHG Herr) | ||||
sire | n | lord | har | ||||
Sirius | n | Dog Star, Brightest Star | - | ||||
site | n | stead | point, location:
ord (Eng.) | ||||
situate | vb | lay down, ground | - | ||||
situation | n | lay? (cf. lay of the land) | - | ||||
size | n | greatness, bigness, bulk | grete (<ME <OE grīetu, cf. NHG Größe) | ||||
skateboard | n/vb | - | rollboard
roller board wheelboard (cf. Ic. hjólabretti) | ||||
skeleton | n | frame | boneset, boneframework | ||||
slander | n/vb | n: smear
vb: belittle, defile, smear, sully, tarnish; lie |
holen (<ME holen < OE hōlian | ||||
slave | n | bondman, thrall | theen (OE) | ||||
slavery | n | thralldom/thraldom | |||||
smuggler | n | - | owler | ||||
snow globe/snowglobe | n | - | snowkuggle (cf. NHG Schneekugel) | ||||
soccer | n | football | altheedish football (United States) | ||||
social media | n | - | fellowly means; friendly sarrow (“miracle, wonder; technology”) | ||||
socialism | n | thralldom; churlishness | rikeownership; allownership; worldrike, oneworldreevedom; fellowdoom, folkdom, rikedom, unfolk, endfolk; allbinding, manbinding; “manbinding by the thralls, bindrike of the churls, worldreevedom of the knaves” (< ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’) | ||||
socialist | n, adj | enthraller; churl | rikeowned; rikebinder, manbinder, fellowshiply, fellowdoomish; folkender, folkdomer, folksfoe; worldthrall | ||||
social/societal | adj | friendly, sharing | - | ||||
society | n | fellowship, friendship, folk; kith and kin |
sithership (<OE gesíðscipe, cf. NHG Gesellschaft) | ||||
socket | n | outlet
bone: cup |
- | ||||
sodium | n | - | saltstuff | ||||
solar | adj | sun-like, sunly | - | ||||
solder | vb | weld, tin | lead | ||||
sole (foot) | n | - | ile (<OE ile, cf. Ic. il), footfolm | ||||
solid | adj | hard | fast (dated sense of firm), earthlike (with each state of matter representing one element) | ||||
solstice | n | sunstead | sunwend (cf. Du. zonnewende, NHG Sonnenwende)
sunstandstill (cf. Du. zonnestilstand) | ||||
solve | vb | answer | loose, loosen, lease (calque of Ger. speech) | ||||
sophisticate | v | - | forbuild (cf. NHG verbilden) | ||||
soporific | adj | - | sleep-giving | ||||
sorbet | n | ||||||
foam ice (<Icelandic frauðís, Hoschaf(<NHG ), water ice(<Danish) | |||||||
sorcerer | n | wizard | drye (<OE drȳ) | ||||
sorcery | n | witchcraft, dwimmer | dreecraft, dryecraft | ||||
sorrel | n | - | sourleaf | ||||
sound | n | reard, cling, ring, loudness, pitch, loudening | din, sough, yar/yer, loud, loude, lidden(<OE hlýd, OE hlýden, cf. NHG. Laut, Du. geluid, Dan. lyd, Swed. ljud, Icel. hljóð)
lemm (<OE "hlem")
| ||||
sound | v | ring, clink, cling, louden
sound like: to be heard like... |
to sound like: onhear/ hear on (NHG. anhören) | ||||
soup | n | broth, gruel | - | ||||
source | n | birthplace, root, begetter, dawn, onset, start, spring, wellspring, ere- | ordfrom (<OE ord, "point", + from) | ||||
sous vide | adj | - | wetbaking | ||||
sovereign | adj | - | selfstanding (cf. Sw. självständig) | ||||
space | n | - | room
astrology: roomth | ||||
spaceship | n | starship | - | ||||
spacious | adj | roomy, wide | |||||
spatial | adj | - | roomthy | ||||
special | adj | - | besunder (cf. NHG besondere)
sunderly (<OE sundorlic, cf. NHG sonderlich) | ||||
specialty | n | - | besunderhood (cf. NHG Besonderheit)
ownhood/ship (cf. NHG Eigenheit/schaft) | ||||
species | n | - | lifekin, lifekind | ||||
specific | adj | - | bestemed, bestevened (cf. NHG bestimmt) (see steven) | ||||
specifically | adv | only, one, inborn, clean-cut, sharp | |||||
sphenoid bone | n | - | wedgebone | ||||
sphere | n | ball | kuggle* (cf. NHG Kugel) (*Kugel is of either Semitic or Germanic origin) | ||||
sphincter | n | - | closethew/closemoussock (cf. Du. sluitspier, NHG Schließmuskel) | ||||
sphinx | n | - | maidenlee (cf. Ic. meyljón)
wilibilth (calque of Anc. Egyptian šzp-ꜥnḫ) | ||||
spice | n | - | croud (cf. Du. kruid) | ||||
spine | n | backbone | backridge | ||||
spirit | n | gast, gost, ghost, breath, soul, mind | - | ||||
sponge | n | - | swamb (<OE swamm) | ||||
sport | n | lark, lake (etym. 2) | - | ||||
spy | n/vb | sleuth: very late borrowing into Old English (near to 1200AD) from The Orrmulum. | speer (<OE spyrian)
loosesheerwere (<OE lēassċēawere) | ||||
squadron | n | - | sheltron, shieldtrum (<OE scieldtruma); swathe (cf. NHG Geschwader); stafle (cf. NHG Staffel) | ||||
square | n | - | fourside (cf. Du. vierkant)
in a city: tey (<OE tēge) | ||||
squirrel | n | aquern O.E. ācweorna, O.N. loan in O.E. scug; skug. | shadow-tail | ||||
SSD ("Solid State Drive") | n | - | SSD ("Still-Standing Drive" / "Stand Still Drive") | ||||
stabilize | v | steady, still | besteady, bestill | ||||
stable | adj | steady, still | - | ||||
stadium | n | - | spurd (<OE spyrd), Ger. Rennbahn | ||||
standard | adj | stock, mean | - | ||||
stapes | n | stirrup | earstirrup, stirrupbone | ||||
state | vb | utter | - | ||||
state | n | condition: shape, lay (cf. lay of the land) polity: moot, rike |
- | ||||
statue | n | - | standbilth (cf. Ger. Standbild; Du. Standbeeld) | ||||
status | n | rank | - | ||||
statute | n | - | setness | ||||
stay | vb | belive, blive, keep | - | ||||
stellar | adj | starly | - | ||||
sternum | n | breastbone | - | ||||
stew | n | scouse | - | ||||
stingray | n | - | - | ||||
stomach | n | maw | - | ||||
store | vb | keep, hoard | - | ||||
store | n | shop | chepstow | ||||
story | n | tale, yarn | telling, atelling, ortelling (cf. NHG Erzählung) | strange | adj | outlandish, weird, unwonted, wild, odd, freakish, eerie, queer | fremd |
stranger | n | fremdling, cume (<OE "cuma") | |||||
strategy | n | plot | wyecraft | ||||
stray | vb | wander | dwale (<ME dwalen) | ||||
street | n | road, way; roadway | wainway, wagonway (to be brooked inborough to tell between the walking path (walkway) and the faring path) | ||||
stress | n | burden, weight, load | thrutch (cf. NHG Druck)
belasting (cf. NHG belastung, Du. belasting) | ||||
strict | adj | hash, hard, stern, forbidding | - | ||||
strive/strife | vb/n | fight | - | ||||
structure | n | makeup, set, setting, frame; building, boards | upmake | ||||
study | vb/n | swot, either usage
(up on), thought; reading |
- | ||||
student | n | learner | learningchild (<OE leorningcild) | ||||
studio | n | workstead
movies: filmingstead | |||||
stupid | n/adj | clueless (adj) | clueless (n) | ||||
sturgeon | n | - | stoor (<ME stor, <OE styria) | ||||
style | n | kind | - | ||||
stylus | n | spear, pecker, picker, stick, shaft, writing tool, needle | leadstick | ||||
sub- | pref | under-
(subsequent) after- |
- | ||||
subdue | vb | beat down | - | ||||
subdued | adj | beaten down | - | ||||
subject | v | thread | underthrow (cf. Du. onderwerpen, NHG. unterwerfen) | ||||
subject | n | - | underthrow (cf. D. onderwerp) | ||||
subjunctive | adj/n | - | underlinked (claque of Latin) | ||||
submarine | n/adj | adj: undersea | n: U-boat (short for undersea-boat), diveboat (cf. Du. duikboot) | ||||
submissive | adj | underwilling | |||||
submit | vb | give in, ingive, hand in, send | - | ||||
submitter | n | - | agiver (cf. NHG Ergeber), ingiver | ||||
subordinate | adj | - | underoathed | ||||
subscribe | vb | follow | underwrite (calque of Latin) | ||||
subscriber | n | follower | underwriter | ||||
substance | n | stuff (but a G (Frankish) root modified through Old French); being | anwork (<OE andweorc) | ||||
substitute | n | stand-in, fill-in, back-up | - | ||||
substitute | vb | swap, fill in, stand in, go as | outtrade (cf. NHG. austauschen) replace: aset (cf. NHG ersetzen) | ||||
subtitle | n | - | underqueath, undername, understerling | ||||
subtle | adj | low-key | - | ||||
suburb | n | - | underborough (<OE underburg), foreord (cf. NHG Vorort) | ||||
subzero | adj | below-freezing | - | ||||
succeed | vb | go after | spow (<OE spówan) | ||||
success | n | - | winth, spowing, afollowing | ||||
successful | adj | - | spowful, afollowfull | ||||
succumb | vb | fall to | alie (alying; alay; alain) (cf. NHG erliegen)
undernick (<OE underhnigan) | ||||
sudden | adj | swift, rushing, rash | - | ||||
suddenly | adv | swiftly, rushingly, rashly, forthwith, straightaway | - | ||||
suffer | vb | - | thole (<OE þolian, þrowian), undergo (transitive), dree (<OE drēogan) | ||||
suffering | n | harm, ache, sorrow, woe, smarts | tholing, dreeing | ||||
suffice | vb | do, be enough, reach, work, meet (transitive) | outreach (cf. NHG ausreichen) | ||||
sufficiency | n | enoughness, fulth, fittingness | - | ||||
sufficient | adj | enough, done, right, even, fair, fit, befitting, becoming | filling, outreaching | ||||
suffix | n | - | word tail, endfastening, afterword | ||||
sugar | n | - | sweethurst (hurst is old english for crystal), sweetstuff
molecule: sweetmote | ||||
sugarcane | n | - | sweetreed (cf. Du. suikerriet) | ||||
suggest | vb | imply: hint, infold offer: bid, put forth |
imply: ettle, bysay offer: forthput, rede | ||||
suicide | n | self-murder, self-killing, self-slaughter | |||||
sui generis | adj | one-of-a-kind | - | ||||
sulfur | n | brimstone | brimstuff | ||||
sullen | n | dark-brooding | |||||
sum (up) | vb | cast up, tally up | - | ||||
sunflower | n | - | sunbloom, sunblossom (<NHG. Sonnenblume) | ||||
sun's dwelling | n | - | The sky | ||||
super | adj/pfx | adj: over, overly
pfx: over- |
- | ||||
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious | adj | - | overfairnessbrokenliatoneliteachworthy | ||||
supercontinent | n | - | overworlddeal | ||||
superhero | n | - | overheleth | ||||
superhuman | adj | - | overman | ||||
superior | adj | overly | - | ||||
supermarket | n | - | overchepstow | ||||
supernatural | adj | otherwordly | - | ||||
supernova | n | - | overnew | ||||
superposition | n | - | overstelling | ||||
supersede | vb | take over | forthring (cf. NHG verdrängen) | ||||
superstition | n | - | idle-belief | ||||
supervillain | n | - | overnithing, overnither | ||||
supervise | vb | oversee | - | ||||
supervisor | n | overseer | - | ||||
supplant | vb | take over | forthring (cf. NHG verdrängen) | ||||
supplement | n | - | togive | ||||
supply | n | yield, stock, spring | - | ||||
supply | vb | yield, feed, fill, afford | - | ||||
support | vb | back up, forward, foster, upbring, uphold, underprop, upstart, underset | bestaddle, understut (cf. NHG unterstützen), stut (< Scots) | ||||
support | n | back up, upholding | fultum | ||||
suppose | vb | ween, believe, guess, think, reckon | forethink | ||||
sure | adj | wis, siker, set | - | ||||
surface | n | overlay, layer, overside | - | ||||
surgeon | n | sawbones | woundleech (cf. NHG Wundarzt) | ||||
surname | n | last name | - | ||||
surpass | vb | overtake | - | ||||
surprise | vb | stun, astound, overcome, overtake | overrush (NHG überraschen) | ||||
surrender | vb | yield, hand over, give up | overgive | ||||
surround | vb | hem in, enring, inring | umbgive (cf. Du. omgeven; NHG umgeben), umbring (cf. Du. omringen; NHG umringen)
Umbestand (Ymbstandan Old English) | ||||
survive | vb | outlive, live on | overlive (cf. NHG. überleben Du. overleven Dan. overleve Norw. overleve Swed. överleva) | ||||
susceptibility | n | openness, givenness, helplessness | - | ||||
susceptible | adj | given, open; helpless | alout (<OE áloten) v. forthlout (<OE forþlútan); onfally (<NHG. anfällig) (see onfall) | ||||
suspect | vb | mistrust, underlook | forthink (cf. Du./NHG. verdenken) | ||||
suspend | vb | - | hang freely: uphang (cf. Du. ophangen, NHG aufhängen) | ||||
suspicion | n | mistrustfulness, underlook | forthought (cf. Du. verdachting, NHG. verdacht) | ||||
suspicious | adj | mistrustful, wary | forthoughtful/ forthoughty (cf. Du. verdacht) | ||||
sustain | vb | underhold, uphold, stay | - | ||||
suitable | adj | fit | - | ||||
Swabia | n | Swabeland, Sweafland (<OE Swǣfaland) | |||||
Swabian | n | Swabish, Sweafish (<OE Swǣfisc) | |||||
swastika | n | fylfot, gleerune (as a religious symbol) | hookrood (cf. NHG Hakenkreuz) | ||||
syllable | n | - | staveset, staffle/stavle (cf. SW stavelse), staffgrip(e)/stavegrip(e) (cf. Du. lettergreep) | ||||
sympathy | n | - | sithfeeling (calque) | ||||
synesthesia | n | - | linked feeling (calque) | ||||
synonym | n | likeword, selfsame, sameness, kinword | otherword | ||||
synonymous with | prep | the same as, akin to | |||||
system | n | layout, makeup, setup | stellel (cf. Du. stelsel)
outlay, upmake |