(Eked a link to back up "belive", and eked "hold" as another word for "stay".) Tag: Visual edit |
(Eked 'Sunneve' as an unattested word for 'Saturday', set on the OE, W.Fries and NHG sibwords. (Struck out the etymology of 'Saturday' that seemed to have been mistakenly put in that spot.)) Tag: Visual edit |
||
Line 289: | Line 289: | ||
|''n'' |
|''n'' |
||
| - |
| - |
||
+ | |Sunneve (<OE ''sunnanǣfen, ''akin to NHG ''Sonnabend'', W.Fries. ''sneon'') |
||
− | |Old English Sætern(es)dæg, translation of Latin Saturni dies ‘day of Saturn’, the ancient Roman god of agriculture |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|'''sauce''' |
|'''sauce''' |
Revision as of 12:18, 18 June 2020
Staff S of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WLG = West Low Theech
- ELG = East Low Theech
- NL = Netherlandish
- NHG = New High Theech
- IC = Icelandish
- HIC = High Icelandish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Theech
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Theech
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Theech
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
Chancery English | Class | Anglish/English | ||
Attested | Unattested | |||
sabotage | vb | cripple, undermine? (mine is from Old French) | underdelve (from undermine) | |
saboteur | n | - | crippler | |
sacred | adj | holy, hallowed | - | |
Sacrament | n | holy oath, holy undertaking, hallowing | forhallowing, holywork, holy work, holy-work (<OE haligweorc) | |
sacrifice | vb/n | give, give up, | bloot (<OE blotan), offer/offering | |
sacrilege | n | unholiness | holishending (cf. Du heiligshennis) (to shend, to defile) | |
sacrilegious | adj | unholy, sinful | - | |
sacrosanct | adj | holy, hallowed | - | |
sacrum | n | - | holybone, roodbone | |
sadism | n | fiendishness, heartlessness | meanlove, meanlust | |
sadistic | adj | heartless, coldhearted | overtuly | |
safe | n | strongbox | - | |
safe | adj | sound, fast; white; trusty, good, sheltered, shielded | - | |
safety | n | shelter, wholeness, soundness, frith (archaic) | munding, berg, frith | |
safe space | n | haven, hugbox | frithyard (<OE friþġeard) | |
sagacious | adj |
insightful, wise, witty, foresightful |
rede hedging, redhedging (<OE rǽdhycgende) hyesnotter (<OE hygesnottor) redesnotter, redsnotter (<OE rǽdsnotor) searthinkle (<OE searuþancol) shedwise (<OE scéadwís) smighful, smigh (<OE sméah) wisefast (<OE wísfæst) awittle, yarewittle (<OE gearuwitol) | |
sagacity | n | wit-hood, withood, wit and wisdom. | ||
Saint (St.) | n | Holy | - | |
saint | n | - | holyman, hallow | |
sainthood | n | hallowdom | - | |
saliva | n | spit | - | |
salamander | n | - | landwater athex, land-newt, land-eft | |
salary | n | earnings, income, salt | toll | |
sally | vb/n | outfall | ||
salmon | n | - | lax (<OE leax, cf. NHG Lachs, Yid. לאַקס (laks), ON, Ic. Sw. lax, Dn. Nw. laks) | |
saltire | n | Andrew's Rood (cross) | - | |
salutary | n | friendly, good, helpful, kindly; good, healthy, wholesome | - | |
salutation | n | greeting, welcome, hail | - | |
salvation | n | lifeline |
redding (<OE hreddung) halwendness (<OE hālwendnes) | |
salvo | n | unload, outburst | - | |
sample | vb | to have a smack of, fore smack | - | |
samurai | n | -Easternwye | dawnlandish knight | |
sanctify | vb | hallow, behallow | - | |
sanctioned | adj | law-hallowed | ||
sanctuary | n | haven, grith, holyroom, hallow, holystead, frithhouse, frithstow | - | |
sane | n | - | witfast | |
sans | prep | without | - | |
Santa Claus | n | Father Christmas | - | |
sapient | n | much wise; aware | - | |
sapphire | adj/n | - | bluehurst | |
sarcophagus | n | - | stonethrough
sunkingthrough (Egypt) | |
sasquatch | n | Bigfoot | - | |
Satanism | n | -Heathenish | Ostroth; Satandom; Satan-worship | |
satchel | n | knapsack, rucksack | - | |
satellite | n | moon |
artificial: ironmoon, swail searsender, umworld loftvat ("around-world-air-vessel" att'd on the Old English Wikipedia as ymbeworuldlyftfæt) / * NB: 'ump-' as in 'umpteen' = around an amount | |
satiate | vb | fulfill, quench, slake | - | |
satire(ist) | n | heaning, heancraft(er), heanwriting(er) | - | |
satisfaction | n | gladness |
cwemeness, quemeness (<OE cwemness), eadiness itheness (<OE īeðnes) | |
satisfy | vb | gladden, slake, fulfill, sate, quench |
queme, afill, befrith, sede (<OE ġesēdan) | |
saturate | vb | sop, soak, steep | indrench (<OE indrencan)
sab (cf. SC sab) | |
Saturday | n | - | Sunneve (<OE sunnanǣfen, akin to NHG Sonnabend, W.Fries. sneon) | |
sauce | n | dip | - | |
sauerkraut | n | - | sourcole, sourkale | |
sauna | n | steam room | hot-house, hotroom, sweatbath | |
sausage | n | pudding, banger | swineflesh, meary (<OE mearh), worsh (cf. G. wurst) | |
savage | adj/n | wild; wilder | wildard | |
savanna | n | - | wendringly grassland
barelands (cf. Eng. barrens) | |
save | vb | spare; keep, hold | nerry (<OE nerian, akin to NHG nähren, cf. OE herian -> NE herry)<br />redd (<OE hreddan 'to free from recover rescue save take away') berg/barrow (<OE beorgan 'to save, preserve', Goth bairgan, OHG bergan, ON bjarga) hain, stow, hoard, heal | |
savior | n | -sparer | healand (cf. NHG Heiland, from OHG Heliand 'the healing one') halend, healer, healant (<OE hælend, in light of MnE 'coolant') ner(i)gend (<OE, 'the Savior', cf. nerian) | |
savory | adj | -smeckfull | hearthaft (cf. NHG herzhaft) defty (cf. NHG deftig) | |
Saxon | n | Saxish | ||
Saxony | n | Saxland (<OE Seaxland) Sexland Saxes Saxen | ||
saxophone | n | saxhorn | - | |
scald | vb | forseethe | - | |
scale | vb | climb | - | |
scale | n | layout, frame, framework, mete, setup | animal skin: shale (<M. Eng. schale) | |
scalpel | n | - | leechsax | |
scandium | n | scadistuff (<OE scedenig "south end of Sweden") | ||
scapegoat |
n | - | fenman (from Old Dutch thews of offering a man-bloot by either throwing the chosen into a fen, lynching them or throwing them into streams to undo the anger of the gods.); folk-devil. | |
scaphoid bone | n | - | boatbone | |
scapula | n | shoulderbone, wingbone | - | |
scar | n | blight, blotch, flaw, pockmark, wale, weal, wheal, wen, welt | ||
scarabaeus stercoreous | n | - | turd-weevil | |
scarce | adj | light, sparing; lacking, low, shy, wanting | - | |
scarcely | adv | barely, hardly, narrowly, slightly | - | |
scarcity | n | lack, shortness, seldomness, fewness, dearth | - | |
scarf | n | - | neckcloth (cf. Sw. halsduk; Dn. halstørklæde | |
scarlet | adj | bawsebrown | wormred (<OE wyrmread) | |
scatophilia | n | - | dritelust | |
scatter | vb | broadcast, cast, deal out, go-off, go through, let go, oversow, overspread, put to flight, spread, strew | - | |
scene | n | background, setting; blowup, fireworks; footing | - | |
schadenfreude | "n" | harmglee; warkglee | ||
schizoid | adj | - | splitlike (calque of Gk. schizein "split, break, shatter" and -oeides "like")
cleavemindy; mindcleavish | |
schizophrenia | n | - | splitmindness, shattermindness (calques of Gk. schizein "split, break, shatter" and phrēn "mind, understaing") kithshatter, kithcleave (cf. Ic. geðclofi) wit-cleftness | |
scholar | n | learner; bookman | loreman; fieldknower, learnand; writman; wordman; booklover | |
scholarship | n | knowledge, learning | bookhood, loreship; writdom | |
school | n | - | lorehall, learnhall? | |
science | n | knowledge, ken; lore, wisdom | witship (cf. Du. wetenschap, NHG Wissenschaft); kendom | |
scientist | n | knower |
witshipper (cf. Du. wetenschapper, NHG Wissenschaftler) loreman, kenman, knowledgeman | |
scientific | adj | wisdomly, cunning; -craftly | worldkenly, witshiply, lorely | |
scientific language | n | - |
craftspeech (<OE cræftspræc); cunningtongue | |
scintillate | vb | sparkle, flash, shine, leam | - | |
scissors | n | blades | shears (Scots cf. NHG. Scheren) | |
-scope | sfx | - | -seer | |
scorpion | n | - | stingtail, night-sting | |
scoundrel | n | - | makeshift | |
scout | n | pathfinder | foretrekker (< Afr. voortrekker, 'pioneer') | |
scowling | adj | - | black-browed | |
screen | n | sheet, sail; shroud | shirm (<PG skirmiz, compare Du. scherm NHG. Schirm) | |
scribe | n | writer, logger | bookman | |
scrotum | n | ballsack*, sack* (*but "sack" is from Latin saccus); hanger | cod (<OE codd)
ballbag (Scots bawbag, OE. beall and ON. baggi) sceallen bag (<OE sceallan "testicles"; <ON baggi) | |
scrutinize | vb | - | scrut (<OE scrutinan)
gaumgive (<Ic. gaumgæfa) | |
scrutiny | n | - | shroutening (<OE sċrūtnung) | |
scuba | n | - | siubt (Self-Inheld Underwater Breathing Tool) | |
sculpt | vb | carve, hew, shape, trim | - | |
sculpture | n | carving | - | |
sea monster | n | merfiend | fivel (<OE) | |
search | vb | seek; rake, comb, delve, hunt, cape | nease (<OE neosan, to search out, find out by enquiry) speer (<OE spyrian) | |
search word | n | headword | seekword | |
season | n | time, tide | sele (<ME), yeartime, yeartide (by analogy from German Jahrzeit) | |
seat of joy | n | - | gleestool (<OE glīwstōl) | |
sebum | n | tallow | - | |
secede | vb | leave, withdraw, cleave, sunder, split off | offsplit | |
secession | n | selfhhod, self-standing, freedom; withdrawal, walking away, breakaway, breakup, cleaving, sundering, splitting off | selfstead; offsplitting; frith | |
secessionist | n | freedomfighter | offsplitter | |
second | n | moment: tick, eyeblink |
nutlog (hour: log, minute: shortlog) | |
second | adj | twoth | next, other, after (obsolete), twithe (twi- + th as in four-th) | |
secret | adj/n |
adj: dern, hidden, withdrawn, unseen, inward, stealthy, untold, unbeheld, underground, underhanded, hushhush, inly n: dern |
n: hiddle (<OE hydels), dyle (<ME diȝel, <OE dīegol)
hushthought, hushword | |
secret society | n | - | himebind (cf. NHG "geheimbund") stealthfay (cf. Ic. "seynifélagið"), hidden guild | |
secretary | n | reeve; helper, greeter | inwriter | |
secrete | vb | seep, leak, ooze | - | |
sect | n | block, body | afterfollowing (<OE æfterfylgung) | |
section | n | bit, block | ||
secular | adj | worldly, of this world, earthly | - | |
secular | n | worldling; worldhood | - | |
secularize | vb | - | formean, forworlden (cf. NHG verweltlichen) | |
secure | adj |
shielded, belayed, fast, steadfast |
inshielded, ward, warded, warden, wardened (Germanic), wardenenen (Germanic), bewardened, bewarden, guardened (Germanic), guarden (Germanic) | |
secure | vb | shield, ward, warden (Germanic), beward, guard (Germanic), ice, more, set, fasten | inshield, mound/mund (<OE mundian 'to protect, shelter, guard) | |
security | n | fastness; stronghold, bulwark | sickerness
sickerhood (NHG. Sicherheit) | |
sediment | n | dregs, silt, draff, dross | - | |
seduce | vb | fortee, lead on | spane (<OE spanan), adwell | |
segment | n | lith; string, thread | - | |
segregation | n | - | beshedding, asunderhood | |
seize | vb | hold, hend, clutch, take, gripe |
fang (<OE fangen), reach (<OE geræcan), lach/laght, laught, or lachen for past tense, participle, or as an adjective (<ME lacchen, cf. OE læccan) | |
seizure | n | fit | - | |
select | vb | choose, pick, wale | - | |
selenium | n | - | moonstuff | |
self-effacement | n | - | self-naughting | |
self-esteem | n | self-worth | - | |
self-restraint | n | - | forhaveness (<OE forhæfnes) | |
semester | n | sixmonth, half-year | - | |
seminar | n | workshop | - | |
sempiternity | n | - | endlessness, unendinghood, alwayness, everlastingness | |
semi- | pref | half-, sam-/sand-/some- (<OE sam-) | - | |
semicircle | n | - | halfring, samring | |
semisphere | n | - | halfball, samball | |
senate | n | witenagemot | witansmoot, witansimoot; eldermoot [elder: <L. senex + moot (council)] | |
senator | n | witan | folkwit (<OE folcwita), elder | |
senile | adj | doddery, doddering, elderly, old, doted | - | |
senior | n | - | sinny (cf PG sinīgaz and calque of Goth sineigs) | |
senior citizens | n | elderly, old folks, eldfolk, eldman, the old | - | |
sensate | adj | feeling | - | |
sensation | n | 1. feeling | 2. upthrill | |
sensational | adj | amazing | wuldersome | |
sense | n | 1.feeling 2. meaning; wit | seave (<OE sefa) | |
sense | vb | feel | - | |
senses | n | the five wits | ||
sensible | vb | - | feelbere (calque), begetful | |
sensitive | adj | feeling, keen, sharp | - | |
sentence | n | wordset; byword, saw (etym. 2), wordstring, saying | cwide (<ME, OE cwide) | |
sentence | vb | doom | - | |
sententious | adj | pithy | - | |
sentience | n | awareness | awaredom (obsolete OED word) | |
sentient life | n | wight, being | - | |
sentiment | n | feeling, thought | - | |
separate | vb | sunder, split, break, cleave, fork | shed (<ME sheden: cf. NHG/Du. scheiden) | |
separate | adj | sundry, freestanding, sundered cleave, cloven |
shedded | |
separation | n | splitting, split | shedding, asunderhood | |
September | n | - | Holymonth (which was noted in OE), Sheddingmonth, Harvestmonth (<OE) | |
Septuagesima | n | - | Berueingtide (<OE berwosungtid) | |
sequel | n | - | afterfollowing, forthsetting (<NHG Fortsetzung) | |
sequence | n | aftermath, backwash, child, outcome, outgrowth, upshot; string; setup | gatherbinding | |
sequential | adj | back-to-back, straight, through | fayed, gatherbinding | |
sequoia | n | - | ettinfirwood (cf. Du. reuzenpijnboom) | |
series | n | line, stream (entert.) saga |
- | |
serious | adj | earnest, unfunny, heavy, weighty | - | |
seriously | adv | earnestly, thoroughly, wholeheartedly, with heart & soul, willingly, agoodly, weightily | - | |
serpent | n | snake, worm (<OE wyrm), adder | slang (cf. NHG Schlange, Du. slang, Da. slange) | |
servant | n | help, helper; hireling, besteader
housekeeper, maid (fm.), dey (fm.), bondsman, loaf-eater, shalk, man, boy, may, thane, (<OE þegn), thrall, knight |
thew (obs.) theener, theen (<OE þēonest cf. NHG Diener) ambight (<OE ambiht) | |
serve | vb | help, dish, hye, bestead, give |
theen (<OE þeġnian cf. NHG/Du. dienen) thew, ambight (<OE geambihtan; onþéowian) | |
serve
a meal |
vb | help, give | mess (<ME messen)
"Could you mess out the bread and ale for our guests?" | |
server | n | sender, broadcaster, outputter, mainframe | - | |
serf | n | bondman, thrall | - | |
service | n | besteading, help, choosing |
theen (<OE þēnest, cf. NHG Dienst) betheening (cf. NHG Bedienung) folgth (OE folgþ, ME, EME) | |
servile | adj | bowing, scraping; thrallish | thewly (<OE þéowlic) | |
session | n | sitting, stint | - | |
settlement | n | hem, thorpe/thorp/dorp, wick, town, whistle-stop | settlening, hemling, ham | |
several | adj | sundry | - | |
severe | adj | stern, hard, harsh, tough, thorough | - | |
severely | adv | hardly, roughly, sternly, stiffly; | - | |
sewer | n | drain, sieve | - | |
sex | n | kind | folkhalf, hade | |
sex act | n | kin-making, lovemaking, breeding | swiving, heamedlock (<OE hæmedlac) fleshly knowledge, bysleep (cf. NHG Beischlaf, DU bijslaap) | |
sexual reproduction | n | breeding | swiveful matchyielding, swiveful matchbearing | |
sexy | adj |
fetching, comely, hot, steamy, sultry, come-hither |
- | |
shantytown | n | |||
shark | n | haye, dogfish | highcarl (cf. O.N. hákarl), dreadfish, sea dog | |
shingles | n | tetter | - | |
shoelace | n | shoestring | - | |
shoe polish | n | blacking (earliest name for shoe polish) | ||
shortage | n | dearth |
shortdom, shorthood; lack is Germanic but not Old English (seemingly) | |
show mercy | vb | spare | orefast/arfast (<OE ārfæstan) | |
shrapnel | n | - | blastfall, blastrain, blastbits | |
shrine | n | weved (OED ‘altar’) | wighbed (<OE wigbed = altar) | |
siege | vb | beleaguer, (um)beset | - | |
Sierra Leone | n | - | Lein (pr. lee-in) Ridgelands | |
sign | n | token, shingle, mark | - | |
sign | vb | blaze; onmark, underwrite | undertoken (calque of Ger. speech cf. NHG unterzeichnen, Du. ondertekenen) | |
signal | n | bale-fire, beacon | - | |
signaling | v | bale-firing, beaconing | showing | |
significant | adj | noteworthy, weighty | markworthy | |
'signify' | v | show | ||
sign language | n | Token Speech (cf. NHG Zeichensprache), deaf talk (calque of Balinese: "kata kolok"), tokening-speech | ||
silence | vb | hush, make still, soothe | bestill, beroo (cf. NHG beruhigen) | |
silence | n | stillness | forsowing (<OE forsuwung), roo (Eng., ME ro <OE rō, cf. NHG Ruhe )
bestillness, word-break. | |
silicon | n | - | flintstuff | |
similar | adj | alike, akin | akind, samekind | |
simile | n | likeness | - | |
simple | adj | onefold, untrimmed | - | |
single | adj | one ... only; alone, by oneself | - | |
singular | adj | (unique) one-of-a-kind, great | ||
singularity | n | oneness | ||
sir | n | Lord, m’lord | har (<ME harre<OE hearra, cf. NHG Herr) | |
sire | n | lord | har | |
Sirius | n | Dog Star, Brightest Star | - | |
site | n | stead | point, location:
ord (Eng.) | |
situate | vb | lay down, ground | - | |
situation | n | lay? (cf. lay of the land) | - | |
size | n | greatness, bigness, bulk | grete (<ME <OE grīetu, cf. NHG Größe) | |
skateboard | n/vb | - | rollboard
roller board wheelboard (cf. Ic. hjólabretti) | |
skeleton | n | frame | boneset, boneframework | |
slander | n/vb | n: smear
vb: belittle, defile, smear, sully, tarnish; lie |
holen (<ME holen < OE hōlian | |
slave | n | bondman, thrall | theen (OE) | |
slavery | n | thralldom/thraldom | ||
smuggler | n | - | owler | |
snow globe/snowglobe | n | - | snowkuggle (cf. NHG Schneekugel) | |
soccer | n | football | altheedish football (United States) | |
social media | n | - | fellowly means; friendly sarrow (“miracle, wonder; technology”) | |
socialism | n | thralldom; churlishness | rikeownership; allownership; worldrike, oneworldreevedom; fellowdoom, fellowdom, rikedom, unfolk, endfolk; allbinding, manbinding; “manbinding by the thralls, bindrike of the churls, worldreevedom of the knaves” (< ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’) | |
socialist | n, adj | enthraller; churl | rikeowned; rikebinder, manbinder, fellowshiply, fellowdomer, fellowdoomish; folkender, folksfoe; worldthrall | |
social/societal | adj | friendly, sharing | - | |
society | n | fellowship, friendship, folk; kith and kin |
sithership (<OE gesíðscipe, cf. NHG Gesellschaft) | |
socket | n | outlet
bone: cup |
- | |
sodium | n | - | saltstuff | |
solar | adj | sun-like, sunly | - | |
solder | vb | weld, tin | lead | |
sole (foot) | n | - | ile (<OE ile, cf. Ic. il), footfolm | |
solid | adj | hard | fast (dated sense of firm), earthlike (with each state of matter representing one element) | |
solstice | n | sunstead | sunwend (cf. Du. zonnewende, NHG Sonnenwende)
sunstandstill (cf. Du. zonnestilstand) | |
solve | vb | answer | loose, loosen, lease (calque of Ger. speech) | |
sophisticate | v | - | forbuild (cf. NHG verbilden) | |
soporific | adj | - | sleep-giving | |
sorbet | n | |||
foam ice (<Icelandic frauðís, Hoschaf(<NHG ), water ice(<Danish) | ||||
sorcerer | n | wizard | drye (<OE drȳ) | |
sorcery | n | witchcraft, dwimmer | dreecraft, dryecraft | |
sorrel | n | - | sourleaf | |
sound | n | reard, cling, ring, loudness, pitch, loudening | din, sough, yar/yer, loud, loude, lidden(<OE hlýd, OE hlýden, cf. NHG. Laut, Du. geluid, Dan. lyd, Swed. ljud, Icel. hljóð)
lemm (<OE "hlem")
| |
sound | v | ring, clink, cling, louden
sound like: to be heard like... |
to sound like: onhear/ hear on (NHG. anhören) | |
soup | n | broth, gruel | - | |
source | n | birthplace, root, begetter, dawn, onset, start, spring, wellspring, ere- | ordfrom (<OE ord, "point", + from) | |
sous vide | adj | - | wetbaking | |
sovereign | adj | - | selfstanding (cf. Sw. självständig) | |
space | n | - | room
astrology: roomth | |
spaceship | n | starship | - | |
spacious | adj | roomy, wide | ||
spatial | adj | - | roomthy | |
special | adj | - | besunder (cf. NHG besondere)
sunderly (<OE sundorlic, cf. NHG sonderlich) | |
specialty | n | - | besunderhood (cf. NHG Besonderheit)
ownhood/ship (cf. NHG Eigenheit/schaft) | |
species | n | - | lifekin, lifekind | |
specific | adj | - | bestemed, bestevened (cf. NHG bestimmt) (see steven) | |
specifically | adv | only, one, inborn, clean-cut, sharp | ||
sphenoid bone | n | - | wedgebone | |
sphere | n | ball | kuggle* (cf. NHG Kugel) (*Kugel is of either Semitic or Germanic origin) | |
sphincter | n | - | closethew/closemoussock (cf. Du. sluitspier, NHG Schließmuskel) | |
sphinx | n | - | maidenlee (cf. Ic. meyljón)
wilibilth (calque of Anc. Egyptian šzp-ꜥnḫ) | |
spice | n | - | croud (cf. Du. kruid) | |
spine | n | backbone | backridge | |
spirit | n | gast, gost, ghost, breath, soul, mind | - | |
sponge | n | - | swamb (<OE swamm) | |
sport | n | lark, lake (etym. 2) | - | |
spy | n/vb | sleuth: very late borrowing into Old English (near to 1200AD) from The Orrmulum. | speer (<OE spyrian)
loosesheerwere (<OE lēassċēawere) | |
squadron | n | - | sheltron, shieldtrum (<OE scieldtruma); swathe (cf. NHG Geschwader); stafle (cf. NHG Staffel) | |
square | n | - | fourside (cf. Du. vierkant)
in a city: tey (<OE tēge) | |
squirrel | n | aquern O.E. ācweorna, O.N. loan in O.E. scug; skug. | shadow-tail | |
SSD ("Solid State Drive") | n | - | SSD ("Still-Standing Drive" / "Stand Still Drive") | |
stabilize | v | steady, still | besteady, bestill | |
stable | adj | steady, still | - | |
stadium | n | - | spurd (<OE spyrd), Ger. Rennbahn | |
standard | adj | stock, mean | - | |
stapes | n | stirrup | earstirrup, stirrupbone | |
state | vb | utter | - | |
state | n | condition: shape, lay (cf. lay of the land) polity: moot, rike |
- | |
statue | n | - | standbilth (cf. Ger. Standbild; Du. Standbeeld) | |
status | n | rank | - | |
statute | n | - | setness | |
stay | vb | belive, blive, hold, keep | - | |
stellar | adj | starly | - | |
sternum | n | breastbone | - | |
stew | n | scouse | - | |
stingray | n | - | - | |
stomach | n | maw | - | |
store | vb | keep, hoard | - | |
store | n | shop | chepstow | |
story | n | tale, yarn | telling, atelling, ortelling (cf. NHG Erzählung) | |
strange | adj | outlandish, weird, unwonted, wild, odd, freakish, eerie, queer | fremd | |
stranger | n | fremdling, cume (<OE "cuma") | ||
strategy | n | plot | wyecraft | |
stray | vb | wander | dwale (<ME dwalen) | |
street | n | road, way; roadway | wainway, wagonway (to be brooked inborough to tell between the walking path (walkway) and the faring path) | |
stress | n | burden, weight, load | thrutch (cf. NHG Druck)
belasting (cf. NHG belastung, Du. belasting) | |
strict | adj | hash, hard, stern, forbidding | - | |
strive/strife | vb/n | fight | - | |
structure | n | makeup, set, setting, frame; building, boards | upmake | |
study | vb/n | learn, swot, either usage
(up on), thought; reading |
n: learn | |
student | n | learner | learningchild (<OE leorningcild) | |
studio | n | workstead
movies: filmingstead | ||
stupid | n/adj | clueless (adj) | clueless (n) | |
sturgeon | n | - | stoor (<ME stor, <OE styria) | |
style | n | kind | - | |
stylus | n | spear, pecker, picker, stick, shaft, writing tool, needle | leadstick | |
sub- | pref | under-
(subsequent) after- |
- | |
subdue | vb | beat down | - | |
subdued | adj | beaten down | - | |
subject | v | thread | underthrow (cf. Du. onderwerpen, NHG. unterwerfen) | |
subject | n | - | underthrow (cf. D. onderwerp) | |
subjunctive | adj/n | - | underlinked (claque of Latin) | |
submarine | n/adj | adj: undersea | n: U-boat (short for undersea-boat), diveboat (cf. Du. duikboot) | |
submissive | adj | underwilling | ||
submit | vb | give in, ingive, hand in, send | - | |
submitter | n | - | agiver (cf. NHG Ergeber), ingiver | |
subordinate | adj | - | underoathed | |
subscribe | vb | follow | underwrite (calque of Latin) | |
subscriber | n | follower | underwriter | |
substance | n | stuff (but a G (Frankish) root modified through Old French); being | anwork (<OE andweorc) | |
substitute | n | stand-in, fill-in, back-up | - | |
substitute | vb | swap, fill in, stand in, go as | outtrade (cf. NHG. austauschen) replace: aset (cf. NHG ersetzen) | |
subtitle | n | - | underqueath, undername, understerling | |
subtle | adj | low-key | - | |
suburb | n | - | underborough (<OE underburg), foreord (cf. NHG Vorort) | |
subzero | adj | below-freezing | - | |
succeed | vb | go after | spow (<OE spówan) | |
success | n | - | winth, spowing, afollowing | |
successful | adj | - | spowful, afollowfull | |
succumb | vb | fall to | alie (alying; alay; alain) (cf. NHG erliegen)
undernick (<OE underhnigan) | |
sudden | adj | swift, rushing, rash | - | |
suddenly | adv | swiftly, rushingly, rashly, forthwith, straightaway | - | |
suffer | vb | - | thole (<OE þolian, þrowian), undergo (transitive), dree (<OE drēogan) | |
suffering | n | harm, ache, sorrow, woe, smarts | tholing, dreeing | |
suffice | vb | do, be enough, reach, work, meet (transitive) | outreach (cf. NHG ausreichen) | |
sufficiency | n | enoughness, fulth, fittingness | - | |
sufficient | adj | enough, done, right, even, fair, fit, befitting, becoming | filling, outreaching | |
suffix | n | - | word tail, endfastening, afterword | |
sugar | n | - | sweethurst (hurst is old english for crystal), sweetstuff
molecule: sweetmote | |
sugarcane | n | - | sweetreed (cf. Du. suikerriet) | |
suggest | vb | imply: hint, infold offer: bid, put forth |
imply: ettle, bysay offer: forthput, rede | |
suicide | n | self-murder, self-killing, self-slaughter | ||
sui generis | adj | one-of-a-kind | - | |
sulfur | n | brimstone | brimstuff | |
sullen | n | dark-brooding | ||
sum (up) | vb | cast up, tally up | - | |
sunflower | n | - | sunbloom, sunblossom (<NHG. Sonnenblume) | |
sun's dwelling | n | - | The sky | |
super | adj/pfx | adj: over, overly
pfx: over- |
- | |
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious | adj | - | overfairnessbrokenliatoneliteachworthy | |
supercontinent | n | - | overworlddeal | |
superhero | n | - | overheleth | |
superhuman | adj | - | overman | |
superior | adj | overly | - | |
supermarket | n | - | overchepstow | |
supernatural | adj | otherwordly | - | |
supernova | n | - | overnew | |
superposition | n | - | overstelling | |
supersede | vb | take over | forthring (cf. NHG verdrängen) | |
superstition | n | - | idle-belief | |
supervillain | n | - | overnithing, overnither | |
supervise | vb | oversee | - | |
supervisor | n | overseer | - | |
supplant | vb | take over | forthring (cf. NHG verdrängen) | |
supplement | n | - | togive | |
supply | n | yield, stock, spring | - | |
supply | vb | yield, feed, fill, afford | - | |
support | vb | shore, back up, forward, foster, upbring, uphold, underprop, upstart, underset | bestaddle, understut (cf. NHG unterstützen), stut (< Scots) | |
support | n | back up, upholding | shore, fultum | |
suppose | vb | ween, believe, guess, think, reckon | forethink | |
sure | adj | wis, siker, set | - | |
surface | n | overlay, layer, overside | - | |
surgeon | n | sawbones | woundleech (cf. NHG Wundarzt) | |
surname | n | last name | - | |
surpass | vb | overtake | - | |
surprise | vb | stun, astound, overcome, overtake | overrush (NHG überraschen) | |
surrender | vb | yield, hand over, give up | overgive | |
surround | vb | hem in, enring, inring | umbgive (cf. Du. omgeven; NHG umgeben), umbring (cf. Du. omringen; NHG umringen)
Umbestand (Ymbstandan Old English) | |
survive | vb | outlive, live on | overlive (cf. NHG. überleben Du. overleven Dan. overleve Norw. overleve Swed. överleva) | |
susceptibility | n | openness, givenness, helplessness | - | |
susceptible | adj | given, open; helpless | alout (<OE áloten) v. forthlout (<OE forþlútan); onfally (<NHG. anfällig) (see onfall) | |
suspect | vb | mistrust, underlook | forthink (cf. Du./NHG. verdenken) | |
suspend | vb | - | hang freely: uphang (cf. Du. ophangen, NHG aufhängen) | |
suspicion | n | mistrustfulness, underlook | forthought (cf. Du. verdachting, NHG. verdacht) | |
suspicious | adj | mistrustful, wary | forthoughtful/ forthoughty (cf. Du. verdacht) | |
sustain | vb | underhold, uphold, stay | - | |
suitable | adj | fit | - | |
Swabia | n | Swabeland, Sweafland (<OE Swǣfaland) | ||
Swabian | n | Swabish, Sweafish (<OE Swǣfisc) | ||
swastika | n | fylfot, gleerune (as a religious symbol) | hookrood (cf. NHG Hakenkreuz) | |
syllable | n | - | staveset, staffle/stavle (cf. SW stavelse), staffgrip(e)/stavegrip(e) (cf. Du. lettergreep) | |
sympathy | n | - | sithfeeling (calque) | |
synesthesia | n | - | linked feeling (calque) | |
synonym | n | likeword, selfsame, sameness, kinword | otherword | |
synonymous with | prep | the same as, akin to | ||
system | n | layout, makeup, setup | stellel (cf. Du. stelsel)
outlay, upmake |