English Wordbook/T

Staff T of the English Wordbook.

Basic abbreviations:

• OE = Old English
• ME = Middle English
• SC = Scots
• WF = West Frish
• NF = North Frish
• SF = Saterlandish Frish
• WLG = West Low Theech
• ELG = East Low Theech
• NL = Netherlandish
• NHG = New High Theech
• IC = Icelandish
• HIC = High Icelandish
• NO = Nornish
• SW = Swedish
• DN = Danish
• MLG = Middle Low Theech
• MNL = Middle Netherlandish
• MHG = Middle High Theech
• OF = Old Frish
• OS = Old Saxish
• OHG = Old High Theech
• ON = Old Norse
• GO = Gottish
• PWG = Or-West-Theedish
• PG = Or-Theedish

For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Chancery English	Class	Anglish/English
		Attested	Unattested
tabernacle	n	-	tilding (< OE geteldung) shifthouse, worshiphut, worshipbooth
table	n	board; listing, spreadsheet	beed (<OE bēod)
table cloth	n	-	beedcloth (<OE bēodclāþ) boardcloth
table d'hôte	n	set meal	guestgiver's beed
taboo	n/adj	ban, out; that which cannot be spoken of	shunning, mithing
tacit	adj	unspoken, wordless, not understood	-
taciturn	adj	tight-lipped	-
tactics	n	how, way	wyecraft
Tagalog	n		Eafolk, Tagalog
Tagalog (people)	n		Eafolklander,
Tagalog Language	n		Eafolkish Tung, Tagalog Tung
Tagalog Region	n		Eafolkish Landship, Tagalogland
tailor	n	needle-worker, outfitter	thimbleman, wearshafter, seamer
tailor	vb	fit, put, shape	-
talkative	adj	talksome, chatty, gabby, outspoken, long-winded	eloquent: quethel (< OE cwedol)
talus bone	n	anklebone
tan	v	brown, bark	yare (< ME yaren 'to tan')
tanner	n	barker	yarer (< ME yaren 'to tan' + -er)
Tangut	n/adj	-	Westsummerwrit (calque of Cn 西夏文, xīxiàwén/hsi1hsia4wen2/ŝīŝià-ŭén/ㄒㄒㄧㄚ`ㄨㄣˊ), n/adj: Westsummerrish
tank	n	pond, pool, vat	bury (< OE beorgan 'to preserve') vehicle: blastwain, fightwain, fightfarecraft, fightfarewain, meshfightwagon (< cf Panzerkampfwagen), mesh
tantalum	n		whetstuff
tantrum	n	fit
tardigrade	n	waterbear	-
target	n	goal, mark	-
task	n	chore, char; errand, undertaking	upgive (up + gave < OE geafu "gift", cf. NHG Aufgabe, Du. opgave, Nw. oppgave) agift, agive, agiven (cf. NHG Aufgabe, a- denotes "on" as "auf-")
taste (sense)	n	smack; fondness	tung, cride; belikening
taste	vb	smack, smatch	tung
tasteless	adj	smackless , no smack	-
tasty	adj	-	smacky
tautology	n	-	word-sameness (Barnes)
tattoo	n	-	hidemark
tavern	n	alehouse, inn	winehouse (< OE wínhús, cf. NHG Weinhaus) beer hut (cf. NHG Bierhütte) gesthouse (cf. NHG Gasthaus)
tax	n	geld, tithe, toll	gavel (< OE gafol)
taxation	n	tithing, tolling	gelding, geldnold, gavling (< OE gafol 'tribute, tax, debt')
taxidermy	n	stuffing	stightskinning (calque)
taxman	n	toller	bidreaper (< OE Bidrepe), gaveler, geldman
taxonomy	n	stightlore
tea	n	-	leafwos (ME wos 'juice'), leafbrew
technical	adj	craftly (Barnes)	-
technical language	n	-	craftspeech (< OE cræftspræc)
technically	adj	lorewise	-
technology	n	craft, tooling, tool-work	toolcraft
tedious	adj	dreary, leaden, humming	longsome
telegram	n	-	wire-spell, wiresend
telegraph	n	-	spell-wire
telemarketing			farchepstowing
telepathy	n	mindreading	thoughtcasting, farfeeling (calque. tele+pathy)
telephone	n	farspeaker	dogbone, wirecaller, farsteaven (calque tele+phone)
teleport	v	-	farferry
teleporter	n	-	farferrier
telescope	n		farseer, sweeper, look-see
television	n	show screen, small-screen, show box	bairdscraft, sightcasting, farseeing (cf. NHG Fernsehen) set: farseer (cf. NHG Fernseher), farscreen, streambox, baird box, shirm (cf. NHG Schirm), farwatcher
televisual	adj	-	sightcast
temper	vb/n	vb: mood n: anneal	-
temperament	n	-	lund (cf. Ic.)
temperate	adj	mild	forholding (Barnes)
temperate zone	n	-	midstrip
temperature	n	heat, cold, warmth	mete, weatherstep, heatstep (Cf. Ar. درجة الحرارة)
tempest	n	storm	-
tempestuous	adj	blood-and-guts, hammer-and-tongs, stormy	thory
template	n	cutout	forelay (cf. NHG vorlage)
temple	n	-	bedehouse, worship stow, herry, ''body part'': tending (Dan. tinding)
temporal	adj	timewise, timely, tidesome	-
temporal	adj	earthborn, earthbound, freshly, worldly	-
temporal bone	n		tendingbone
temporary	adj	flash, overtaken, overstepped, short-lived	-
tempt	vb	whet, draw in, pull in, bait	costen, forlead, cun, forseek (cf. NHG versuchen), fash
temptation	n	itch, bait, come-on, draw, pull, hankering, snare, trap	costening (< OE costnung), fanding, forleading, forseeking
tenacious	adj	dogged; clingy	-
tend	vb	tilt towards, lean, slant, look after	-
tender	adj	nesh	-
tendon	n	sinew	-
tenebrous	adj	dark, gloomy, thester	-
tense	n	-	grammar: time-shape, timing (Barnes)
tense	adj	edgy, uptight; hairy, nail-biting	-
tensor	n	stretcher, waybearer (telcraft)	-
tent	n	tilt, roof	fieldhouse
tentacle	n	feeler, feelhorn	rineling (calque)
tepid	adj	halfhearted; lukewarm	-
terracota	n	-	bakedearth (Italian calque), burnt clay (cf. Ic. brenndur leir)
terrain	n	landscape	landship (Anglicizing of Landscape)
term	n	name, word, frist (a term in which a debt is to be repaid)	tide; begrip (calque)
terminal	adj	rearmost, endmost sickness: deadly	endbound
terminal	n	ending	endstop
terminate	vb	end (Barnes)	-
terminology	n	wording (Barnes)	-
terminus	n	end	-
termite	n	white ant	-
terrestrial	adj	ground-dwelling, earthly, groundly	-
terrible	adj	dreadful, fearsome, frightening, ghastly; frightful; awful, rotten	-
terrific	adj	awesome, top-shelf; awfil, nightmare	-
terrify	vb	fright, affright	eyse (< OE egesian), afear, bray (< OE bregan)
terrifying	adj	eldritch, frightening
territory	n	land, turf	ledemark (< OE leódmearc 'people's territory') division: landdeal; hundred, hund, ward, lathe, riding, tithing
terror	n	hang-up; dread, fright	deadly: qualmthrea (< OE cwealmþrēa) pl: qualmthreën (< OE cwealmþrēan), fearstrike
terrorize	v		fearstriking
terrorism	n	-	awewhelming, fearstrikening
terrorist	n		fearstriker
test	n/vb	-	fand(ing) (< OE fandung)
testament (will)	n	will	ervebeek (< OE ierfebéc), ervewrit (< OE ierfegewrit)
testator	n	willwriter	ervewritend (< OE ierfewrítend)
testicle	n	bollock, ball	sceallen (<OE sceallan)
testimony	n	witness	-
text	n	-	queath (Fr. OE cwide), trat,
textbook	n	handbook	-
textile	n	-	thrum
texture	n	mouthfeel	-
thatched	adj	-	thatchen (Barnes)
theater	n	-	drama: waving (< OE wáfung), Showplay (German:Schauspiel) place: showhall, playhouse, wavingstow (< OE wáfungstów), wavingstead (< OE wáfingstede), gamehouse (German:Spiehaus)
theme	n	feel	underwarp (cf. Du. onderwarp), underthrow (cf. Du. onderwerp)
theology	n	godlore	-
theory	n	thought, thoughtlay	beholding
therapy	n	-	behandling (cf. Dan. behandling)
thermo-	pfx	-	heat-
thermodynamic	adj	-	warmthworkly, heatworkly
thermodynamics	n	-	warmthworks, heatwork
thermology	n	-	warmthlore, heatlore
thermometer	n	-	warmthmeter (meter = mete + er; one who metes), heatmeter
thermonuclear	adj	-	warmthkernly, heatkernly
thermostat	n	-	warmthteller, heatteller
thesaurus	n	-	begripwordbook (cf. NHG  Begriffswörterbuch)
they/them/their (technically not native English, but North Germanic)	pron	they/them/their (no oversetting needed)	he/hem/her (<OE hīe/him/hira), they/them/their (<ON)
throne	n	seat	giftstool, giftseat (OE ġifstōl), kinestool (<OE cynestol), kinesettle (<OE cynesetl), kingleeder (<king + OE hlēda, meaning "seat"), highseat (<IS hásæti), kingseat
thug	n	outlaw, beater	-
tibia	n	shank-bone, shinbone	-
tiger	n	-	stripecat
till	prep	-	ooth (<OE ōþ)
time (this is a Germanish word)	n	tide (Cf. G Zeit), thraw (ME, <OE þrāg) pl: thrawen  (unattested)	throw (<OE þrāg)
time of tribulation	n	woe, hard times, dearth, evil	arveth-throw, arvethrow (<OE earfoþþrāg; c.f. ME arveþ-sīþ)
timid	adj	shy, meek, thewless	-
tint	n	blee, hue	-
tire	n	shoe, rubber	wheelring, loftband, liftband, band, Ringy (German:Reifen)
titanium	n		strongstuff
title	n	name, right, sterling	-
tmesis	n	-	umgrave, incarve
TNT	n	-	boomkeg, blastkeg, boomstick, TCWMB (threechoke woodmead-benzene, calque of trinitrotouline/trinitro methylbenzene), TCWWB (threechoke woodwine-benzene)
toast	vb	thanksgiving	-
toast	n		roastbread (cf. NHG Röstbrot)
tobacco	n	-	smokeleaf, smokingleaf, hirst loaf
toboggan	n	slide, slider	-
toilet	n	bathroom, washroom, restroom	Shithouse (Dutch/Indonesian:kakhuis)
toilet (bowl)	n	stool, pot, potty, can	Doppy (German:Töpfchen), gangsettle (<OE gangsetl), washsettle
tolerate	vb	thole, bear, put up with	thware (<OE þwarian)
tomato	n	loveapple	heartapple (< OE heortæppel), goldapple (cf. NHG Goldapfel, French pomme d'or), bloodapple, swelling ovet (literal meaning of Aztecan tomatl)
tomb	n	grave	thesterlock , lichrest , bed of dust (all Old English)
topaz	n	-	basestone (<OE baswa stán)
topic	n	-	underthrow (cf. Du. onderwerp "subject, topic")
topography	n	landscape	-
torch	n	flashlight, handlight, wisp	fackle (<OE fæcele, cf. NHG Fackel) brand, glimmer
torch	vb	fire, light	brand
torment	vb/n	bedevil n: hang-up	qualmness (<OE cwealmnes) vb: aquilm (<OE ácwylmian, to be tormented)
tornado	n	whirlwind, whirlstorm, twister	-
torpedo	n	tin fish (navy slang)	|fornaughtsend (cf. Ic. tundurskeyti), seashot (sea-missile)
torso	n	upperbody, bouk	-
tortoise	n	-	landburdling (<OE byrdling) rover (contr. of 'roofer' or 'roofpod', akin to stegosaurus 'roofed lizard') shieldback (cf. Ic. skjaldbaka) shellpad fennich
torture	vb	bedevil	forpine, threst, befiend
total	n	-	-
total	adj	utter, full, all-out, full-on, overall
totalitarian(ism)	adj/n	red	fullreding, fullriking, overiking
totally	adv	altogether, fully, wholly, outright, utterly, full-on
totem	n	hallmark	eldermark, kinmark
toucan	n	-	peppereater (cf. Swed. pepparätare)
touch	vb	handle, feel, finger, rine	berear (cf. NHG berühren calque of all Ger. speeches) (see rear ety. 2)
tour	n	sightseeing	leadabout (cf. Du. rondleiding)
tour	vb	sightsee	go about
tourist	n	sightseer	fandler,
towel	n	cloth, handcloth, washcloth	handduck (cf. Fr. Handoek, Du. Handdoek, NHG Handtuch), bedesheet (<OE beodsceat)
tower	n	keep, steeple	-
tower	vb	-	outwax
toxic(ity)	adj/n	-	atter(some/ness)
toxoplasmosis	n	-	bowmolden sickness
tracheä	n	windpipe	lungleat, windtharm, throatboll, windadder
track	n	path, way	-
tractor	n	tug, tower	tugwain
trade union	n	-	workship (cf. NHG gewerkschaft), styfellow, styfellowship (cf. Ic. stéttarfélag); workers' guild
tradition	n	trend, folklore, folkways, oldenway, thew(s)	besetness (cf. OE gesetnes)
traditional	adj	old-line	old-stream, old-thread, thewkeeping, thewabiding, yorewise
traffic	n	wains, flow	wayburden
tragedy	n		doomfall, wopleeth (<OE wopleoþ), ill-hap, woehap
tragic	adj	heartbreaking, unlucky, woeful	-
trailblazing	adj	groundbreaking	-
train	n	tow, tug	-wain (old word for a wagon)
trainer	n	-	outbilder (calque NHG. Ausbilder)
trait	n	tie	-
traitor	n	backstabber, bewrayer	lew (<OE læwa 'betrayer, traitor'), forreder (cf. NHG Verräter, Du. verrader, OE forrǽda. see rede), trustreaver
trans-	pref	over- (only some words)	through- or thru- (NHG. durch-) (only some words)
transcend	vb	-	oversty, overgo, overfare, outmire
transcribe	vb	downwrite	overwrite (Du. overschrijeven)
transfer	vb	send, bring over, hand to/over, shift (Barnes)	wend over, overbring
transfigure	vb/n	shapeshift(ing)	forwandle (cf. NHG verwandeln) yondshape
Transfiguration (religion)	n	-	Forhallowing
transgender	n/adj	-	overkind
transform	vb	shapeshift	forshape (<OE forscieppan) forwandle, yondshape, forwend
transgress	vb	-	overbreach (<OE oferbrecan)
transhuman	n	-	yondwere, halfwere, halfman
transhumanism	n	-	yondweredom, halfweredom
transit	n/vb	thoroughfare, faring	-
transition	n	shift, overgang	wending, switch-over, overswitch, frothering
transitional	adj	-	wendingly, wendsome
transitive	adj	overfaresome (Barnes)	-
transitive (grammar)	adj	-	outreaching (Barnes), overgangly (cf. Du overgankelijk)
transitory	adj	fleeting	whilewendly (<OE hwilwendlic)
translate	vb	put into (Barnes), overset	-
translation	n	oversetting
transliminal	adj	-	mirethwarsing
transliteratetion	n	-	umwriting (cf. Ic. umrita, NHG umschreiben)
translucent	adj		thurghbright, throughleaming throughshinely (cf. Du. doorschijnend)
transmit	vb	spread; ship; hand over, oversend	-
transmission	n	broadcast,	oversending
transparency	n	see-throughness	throughsightihood(ness) (cf. NHG Durchsichtigkeit)
transparent	adj	sheer, see-through; bright-line, glassy through-seen (Barnes)	throughbright (<OE þurhbeorht) throughshine (<OE þurhscýne), throughsighty (cf. NHG durchsichtig)
transpire	vb	1. sweat 2. happen, come to happen, leak out, come out	-
transport	vb	ferry (from North Germanic)	-
transsexual	n	folkhalf shifter, folkhalf switcher	kinswitcher, overkind
transsubstantiate	vb	-	yondwhat, yondandwork
transubstantiation	n	-	wistforwandering (Norw. vesensforvandling; Dan. Væsensforvandling; NHG. Wesensverwandlung)
transvestite	n	-	thwart-dresser, otherdresser
trampoline	n	-	spring-sheet
trapezium/trapezoid	n	-	boardshape
trapezium (bone)			lesser boardbone
trauma	n	wound, aftershock	-
travel	vb	fare (Barnes), wayfare, yondfare, lithe	-
traveler	n	wanderer (<German), wayfarer (Barnes)	fere
traverse	vb	tread, yondfare	yondshrithe (<OE geondscríðan)
treachery	n	-	swick (<OE swic)
treason	n		forrede (cf. OE forrǽdan, Du. verraden, NHG verraten)
treasure	n	hoard, wealth hoard, dearworthness (<OE déorwyrðnes)	shat (<ME schat), yarse/yass (<OE gærsum; c.f. bass < OE bærs, arse/ass < OE ærs) princely: drightmathem (<OE dryhtmaðm) ancient:  earstreen (<OE ærġestrēon), eldstreen (<OE ealdġestrēon)
treasury	n	-	gavelgild (<OE gafolgyld), feehoard (<OE feohhord) hoardern (<OE hordern) feehove (<OE feohhof) cluff (<OE clyfa)
treat	vb	behandle	-
treatise	n	-	offhandling (cf. NHG Abhandlung)
treatment	n	-	behandling, tiling (<OE tilung)
treaty	n	truce, deal, bargain (Barnes)	(peace): frithwrit, frithware (<OE friðuwær) fordrawing (cf. NHG Vertrag), foreward (<OE foreweard)
trebuchet	n		slaught stonehauler overbouke/overbouk (calque) uprooting bouke (calque) slaught gearwork gunne (<ME) swinging stonehauler weighed stonehauler
tremble	vb	bever, shiver, quiver, shudder, shake, quake,	bive
tremor	n	quake, quiver, shake, shudder	-
trench	n	ditch	gravet <OE grafet), delf, waterfurrow
trespass	vb	overstep	offbreete (calque of Ic. af-brot; cf. OE breotan)
trespasser	n	guilt-doer
triangle	n	wedge	threenook ?/θrɛnʊk/ threeside (cf. Du. trekant)
tribal leader	n	-	kinelder, kinleader, hereman
tribe	n	kindred, stem	mathe, kneeris (< OE cnēoris)
tribulation	n	woe, hard times	costing (< OE costung) onfighting (cf. NHG Anfechtung) arwothe (<OE earwoðe) forniddenness (<OE forgnidennes)
tribunal	n		deemstool (cf Ic. dómstóll, Sw. domstol, Dan, domstol)
tribute	n	-	gavel (< OE gafol)
tributary	n	brook	rith, side-stream (Barnes)
triceratops	n	-	threehornanleth (calque of Greek)
trichology	n	hairlore	-
tricycle	n	-	threewheeler
trick	n	wile, swack	sare (< OE searu)
trigonometry	n		threenooklore, threenooking
trillion			foursand, etning
trilobite	n	-	thrilap threeleaf bug
trilogy	n	-	thrilock (cf. Du. drieluik)
Trinidad and Tobago	n	-	Threefold and Smokeleaf
trinity	n	-	threeness (Barnes), threefoldness
tripartite	adj	threefold	threedealed (< OE þridǽled)
triple	n	threesome	-
triple	vb/adj	threefold (Barnes)	-
triplet	n	threeling	thrin
triquetal bone	n		threenookbone
tristful	adj	sad; downcast, gloomy, unblithe, unglad, wretched	-
triumph	n	win, sig	-
triumvirate	n	-	thriwered (exact calque: trium- thri + -vir- were + -ate -ed)
trivial	adj	paltry	ayeap, ageap (< OE ægype)
troops (army)	n	-	sithreaden (<OE ġesiðræden)
tropical (climate)	adj	wethot	wendringly (cf. Du. keerkring, NHG Wendekreis)
tropical zone	n	-	wendring strip, innerstrip, innerslice
troposphere			windhelm
trouble	n	upset, worry, plight, strain, ordeal, headache, woe, dretch, dree, dref, swenk in trouble: on the ropes, in deep water; in a hole,
trouble	vb	to upset, worry in trouble: on the ropes	swench (< OE swencan)
troublesome	adj	in a hole, in deep water, upsetting, straining, worrisome	athrotsome (<OE aþrotsum)
truck	n	lorry	freightwain (cf. W.Fris. frachtwein)
truncheon	n	cudgel, nightstick, club	-
trunk	n	-	body, bole, salk, stock, stem, shaft,
trunk	n	-	slurf (cf. Du. slurf, W.Fris. sloarf) limbnose, armnose
try	vb	mint, fand, bid, shoot, crack, stab, go, seek, strive, work	forseek (NHG. Versuchen, Du. verzoeken) or forseech (regarding beseech) munt (< OE myntan)
tsunami	n	-	banewave, greatwave, micklewave, andwave
tuba	n		basshorn
tube	n	straw, pipe	-
tubule	n	awl, straw	-
tuition	n	teaching geld	leering
tulip	n	-	houvebloom
tumor	n	amper (OE: ampre )
tundra	n	northgrass, coldgrass	-
tunic	n	chesthelm, breasthelm	-
tunnel	n	-	burrow, crawlway, underway, going (cf. Ic. göng)
turban	n	-	houve
turbid	adj	cloudy, droff, overcast, murky, muddy	-
turn	vb	wend, writhe	-
turn	n	(my turn): next in the row	-
turn against	vb	gainsay, withstand	gainstand, gainwork (cf. NHG entgegenwirken)
turn into	vb	become, char	forwandle
turn off	vb	switch off	-
turn off	vb	switch on
turn out	vb	crop up
turning point	n	watershed	-
turquoise	vb/n	teal	greenblue
turret	n	small keep	wyehouse (<OE wíghús)
turtle	n	shell-paddock (rare)	burdling (<OE byrdling) rover (contr. of 'roofer' or 'roofpod', akin to stegosaurus, meaning 'roofed lizard'), shieldpad (cf. W.Fr. skyldpod & Du schildpad)
tutelage	n	-	reding
tutor	n	teacher, leerer	lorethew
tutu	n		bumbum (French calque)
tweezers	n	nippers	-
tycoon	n	-	greatsman (cf. Eng. magnate)
type	n	kind (Barnes), ilk	-
type	vb	peck, mash, strike; key, truckle, tap (in); write	-
typewriter	n	-	writsare (cf. Du. schrijfmachine, NHG Schreibmaschine) keywriter, tapwriter
typhus	n	-	lent-addle (Barnes)
typify	vb	kinden, mark, inbody	-
typical	adj	everyday	token
typographer	n	-	outlayer, runecrafter
Tyrannosaurus rex	n	-	king tharlathex (calque of Greek+Latin) great king athex (athex <OE āðehe: saurus) dreadathex
tyranny	n	-	tharlreding
tyrant	n	-	tharlreder (<OE þearl 'severe, strict') hardrede (cf. king Harold 3 of Norway) leedhater (<OE lēodhata/leōdhata)  pl: leedhatren (<OE lēodhatan/leōdhatan)