Staff T of the English Wordbook.
Basic abbreviations:
- OE = Old English
- ME = Middle English
- SC = Scots
- WF = West Frish
- NF = North Frish
- SF = Saterlandish Frish
- WLG = West Low Theech
- ELG = East Low Theech
- NL = Netherlandish
- NHG = New High Theech
- IC = Icelandish
- HIC = High Icelandish
- NO = Nornish
- SW = Swedish
- DN = Danish
- MLG = Middle Low Theech
- MNL = Middle Netherlandish
- MHG = Middle High Theech
- OF = Old Frish
- OS = Old Saxish
- OHG = Old High Theech
- ON = Old Norse
- GO = Gottish
- PWG = Or-West-Theedish
- PG = Or-Theedish
For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.
| Chancery English | Class | Anglish/English | ||
| Attested | Unattested | |||
| tabernacle | n | - | tilding (<OE geteldung) shifthouse, worshiphut, worshipbooth | |
| table | n | board; listing, spreadsheet | - | |
| taboo | n/adj | ban | shunning, mithing | |
| tacit | adj | unspoken, wordless | - | |
| taciturn | adj | tight-lipped | - | |
| tactics | n | how, way | wyecraft | |
| tailor | n | needle-worker, outfitter | thimbleman, wearshafter | |
| tailor | vb | fit, put, shape | - | |
| talkative | adj | talksome, chatty, gabby, outspoken, long-winded | eloquent: cwethle (<OE cwedol) | |
| tank | n | pond, pool, vat |
berg (<OE beorgan 'to preserve') | |
| target | n | goal, mark | - | |
| task | n | char; errand, undertaking | upgive (up + gave <OE geafu "gift", cf. NHG Aufgabe, Du. opgave, Nw. oppgave) | |
| taste (sense) | n | smack; fondness | tung, cride; belikening | |
| taste | vb | smack, smatch | tung | |
| tautology | n | - | word-sameness (Barnes) | |
| tattoo | n | - | hidemark | |
| tavern | n | alehouse | beer hut | |
| tax | n | geld | gaffle (<OE gafol) | |
| taxation | n | - | gelding, geldnold, gavling (<OE gafol 'tribute, tax, debt') | |
| taxman | n | toller | bidreaper (<OE Bidrepe), gaffler, geldman | |
| tea | n | - | leafwos, leafwoos (ME wos 'juice'), leafbrew | |
| technical | adj | craftly (Barnes) | - | |
| technical language | n | - | craftspeech (<OE cræftspræc) | |
| technically | adj | lorewise | - | |
| technology | n | - | toolcraft | |
| tedious | adj | dreary, leaden, humming | longsome (Barnes) | |
| telegram | n | - | wire-spell (Barnes) | |
| telegraph | n | - | spell-wire (Barnes) | |
| telepathy | n | mindreading | thoughtcasting | |
| telephone | n | farspeaker | dogbone, wirecaller | |
| telescope | n | - | farseer | |
| television | n | - | bairdscraft, sightcasting set: streambox, baird box | |
| televisual | adj | - | sightcast | |
| temper | vb/n | vb: mood n: anneal |
- | |
| temperament | n | - | lund (cf. Ic.) | |
| temperate | adj | mild | forholding (Barnes) | |
| temperate zone | n | - | midstrip | |
| temperature | n | - | mete, weatherstep | |
| tempest | n | storm | - | |
| tempestuous | adj | blood-and-guts, hammer-and-tongs, stormy | thory | |
| temple | n | - | bedehouse, worship stow | |
| temporal | adj | timewise, timely, tidesome | - | |
| temporal | adj | earthborn, earthbound, freshly, worldly | - | |
| temporary | adj | flash, short-lived | - | |
| tempt | vb | whet | costen, forlead, cun, forseek (cf. NHG versuchen), fash | |
| temptation | n | - | costning (<OE costnung) | |
| tenacious | adj | dogged; clingy | - | |
| tend | vb | tilt towards, lean, slant, look after | - | |
| tendon | n | sinew | - | |
| tenebrous | adj | dark, gloomy, thester | - | |
| tense | n | - | time-shape, timing (Barnes) | |
| tense | adj | edgy, uptight; hairy, nail-biting | - | |
| tent | n | roof | tild (<OE geteld) | |
| tepid | adj | halfhearted; lukewarm | - | |
| term | n | - | tide; begrip (calque) | |
| terminal | adj | rearmost | - | |
| terminate | vb | end (Barnes) | - | |
| terminology | n | wording (Barnes) | - | |
| terminus | n | end | - | |
| termite | n | white ant | - | |
| terrible | adj | dreadful, fearsome, frightening, ghastly; frightful; awful, rotten | - | |
| terrific | adj | awesome, top-shelf; awfil, nightmare | - | |
| terrify | vb | fright | - | |
| territory | n | land, turf | ledemark (<OE leódmearc 'people's territory') division: landdeal; hundred, hund, ward, lathe, riding, tithing | |
| terror | n | hang-up; dread, fright | - | |
| terrorism | n | - | awewhelming | |
| test | n/vb | - | fand(ing) (<OE fandung) | |
| testament (will) | n | will | ervebeek (<OE ierfebéc), ervewrit (<OE ierfegewrit) | |
| testator | n | willwriter | ervewritend (<OE ierfewrítend) | |
| testicle | n | bollock, ball | - | |
| testimony | n | witness | - | |
| text | n | - | qweath (Fr. OE cwide) | |
| textbook | n | handbook | - | |
| textile | n | - | thrum | |
| thatched | adj | - | thatchen (Barnes) | |
| theatre | n | - | drama: waving (<OE wáfung) place: showhall, playhouse, wavingstow (<OE wáfungstów) | |
| theme | n | - | underwarp (cf. Du. onderwarp) | |
| theology | n | godlore | - | |
| theory | n | thought, thoughtlay, belief, guesspell | - | |
| thesaurus | n | wordnet | - | |
| they/them/their | pron | - | he/hem/her (<OE hīe/him/hira), they/them/their (<ON) | |
| throne | n | seat | giftstool,giftseat (OE ġifstōl), kinglystool (<OE cynestol), kingsettle (<OE cynesetl) | |
| thug | n | outlaw | - | |
| tibia | n | shank-bone, shinbone | - | |
| tiger | n | - | stripecat | |
| till | prep | - | ooth (<OE oþ) | |
| timid | adj | shy, meek, thewless | - | |
| tint | n | blee, hue | - | |
| title | n | name, right, sterling | - | |
| tmesis | n | - | umbgrave, incarve | |
| toast | vb | thanksgiving | - | |
| tobacco | n | - | smokeleaf, smokingleaf | |
| toboggan | n | slide, slider | - | |
| toilet | n | bathroom, washroom, restroom | - | |
| toilet (bowl) | n | - | gangsettle (<OE gangsetl) | |
| tolerate | vb | thole, bear, put up with | thware (<OE þwarian) | |
| tomato | n |
loveapple |
bloodapple, heartapple (cf. OE heortæppel) | |
| tomb | n | grave | thesterlock (<OE þéostorloca), lichrest (<OE lícrest) | |
| topic | n | - | underwarp (cf. Du. onderwerp "subject, topic") | |
| topography | n | landscape | - | |
| torch | n | flashlight, handlight, wisp | brand, glimmer | |
| torch | vb | fire, light | brand | |
| torment | vb/n | bedevil n: hang-up | quelmness (<OE cwealmnes) | |
| tornado | n | whirlwind, whirlstorm, twister | - | |
| torso | n | upperbody | - | |
| tortoise | n | - | rover (contr. of 'roofer' or 'roofpod', akin to stegosaurus 'roofed lizard')
shieldback (cf. Ic. skjaldbaka) | |
| torture | vb | bedevil | forpine, threst | |
| total | adj | utter, full, all-out, full-on | - | |
| totalitarian(ism) | adj/n | - | fullreding, fullriking, overiking | |
| totally | adv | altogether, fully, wholly, outright, utterly, full-on | - | |
| totem | n | hallmark | - | |
| touch | vb | handle, feel, finger, rine | - | |
| tourist | n | - | fandler, sightseer | |
| tower | n | keep, steeple | - | |
| tower | vb | - | outwax | |
| toxic(ity) | adj/n | - | atter(some/ness) | |
| trachea | n | - | lungleat | |
| track | n | path, way | - | |
| tractor | n | tug, tower | tugwain | |
| tradition | n | trend, folklore, folkways, oldenway, thew(s) | besetness (cf. OE gesetnes) | |
| traditional | adj | old-line | old-stream, old-thread, thewkeeping, thewabiding | |
| traffic | n | - | wayburden | |
| tragedy | n | ill, knock, mishap | woopleeth (<OE wopleoþ), ill-hap, woehap | |
| tragic | adj | heartbreaking, unlucky, woeful | - | |
| trailblazing | adj | groundbreaking | - | |
| train | n | tow, tug | -wain (old word for a wagon) | |
| trait | n | tie | - | |
| traitor | n | backstabber | lew (<OE læwa 'betrayer, traitor'), forreder (cf. OE forrǽda), trustreaver | |
| transcend | vb | - | yondstigh, overgo, overfare, outmire | |
| transcribe | vb | downwrite | yondwrite, cross-spell | |
| transfer | vb | send, bring over, hand to/over, shift (Barnes) | wend over, yondbring forbring (cf. NHG verbringen) | |
| transfigure | vb/n | - | forwandle (cf. NHG verwandeln) yondshape, shapeshift | |
| Transfiguration (rel.) | n | - | Forhallowing | |
| transform | vb | - | forshape (<OE forscieppan)
forwandle, shapeshift, yondshape, forwend | |
| transgress | vb | - | overbreach (<OE oferbrecan) | |
| transhuman | n | - | yondwere, halfwere | |
| transhumanism | n | - | yondweredom, halfweredom | |
| transit | n/vb | thoroughfare, faring | - | |
| transition | n | shift | wending, switch-over, overswitch, frothering | |
| transitional | adj | - | wendingly, wendsome | |
| transitive | adj | overfaresome (Barnes) | - | |
| transitive (grammar) | adj | - | outreaching (Barnes) | |
| transitory | adj | fleeting | whilewendly (<OE hwilwendlic) | |
| translate | vb | wend, put into (Barnes), overset, set over | theed (<OE geþeodan, cf. Ic. þýða) | |
| transliminal | adj | - | mirethwarsing | |
| transliteratetion | n | - | umbwriting (cf. Ic. umrita) | |
| translucent | adj | - | thurghbright, throughleaming throughshinely (cf. Du. doorschijnend) | |
| transmit | vb | spread; ship; hand over | befollow, oversend (<OE) | |
| transmission | n | broadcast | befollowing, onsending | |
| transparent | adj | see-through; bright-line through-showing (Barnes), clear |
throughbright (<OE þurhbeorht) throughshine (<OE þurhscýne) | |
| transpire | vb | 1. sweat 2. happen, come to happen, leak out, come out |
- | |
| transport | vb | ferry | - | |
| transsexual | n | she-man, he-lady, ladyboy, folkhalf shifter, folkhalf switcher | kindswitcher | |
| transsubstantiate | vb | - | yondwhat, yondandwork | |
| transvestite | n | - | thwart-dresser, otherdresser | |
| trauma | n | wound, aftershock | - | |
| travel | vb | fare (Barnes), wayfare, yondfare, lithe | - | |
| traveller | n | wayfarer (Barnes) | - | |
| traverse | vb | tread, yondfare | yondshrithe (<OE geondscríðan) | |
| treachery | n | - | swick (<OE swic) | |
| treason | n | forrede (cf. OE forrǽdan, Du. verraden, NHG verraten) | ||
| treasure | n | hoard, wealth hoard, dearworthness (<OE déorwyrðnes) | shat (<ME schat), yarse (<OE gærsum) | |
| treasury | n | - | gavelguild (<OE gafolgyld), feehoard (<OE feohhord) hoardern (<OE hordern) feehove (<OE feohhof) cluff (<OE clyfa) | |
| treat | vb | - | behandle (cf. Du. behandeling) | |
| treatise | n | - | offhandling (cf. NHG Abhandlung) | |
| treatment | n | - | behandling | |
| treaty | n | truce
bargain (Barnes) |
(peace): frithwrit, frithware (<OE friðuwær)
fordrawing (cf. NHG Vertrag), foreward (<OE foreweard) | |
| tremble | vb | bive, shiver, quiver, shudder | - | |
| tremor | n | quake, quiver, shake, shudder | - | |
| trench | n | - | gravet <OE grafet) | |
| trespass | vb | overstep | offbreete (calque of Ic. af-brot; cf. OE breotan) | |
| triangle | n | - | threenook | |
| tribal leader | n | - | kinelder | |
| tribe | n | kindred | - | |
| tribulation | n | woe | costing (<OE costung) onfighting (cf. NHG Anfechtung) | |
| tribute | n | - | gavel (<OE gafol) | |
| tributary | n | brook | rith, side-stream (Barnes) | |
| trichology | n | hairlore | - | |
| tricycle | n | - | threewheeler | |
| trick | n | wile | sear (<OE searu) | |
| trilobite | n | - | threeleaf bug | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | n | - | Threefold and Smokeleaf | |
| trinity | n | - | threeness (Barnes), threefoldness | |
| tripartite | adj | threefold | threedealed (<OE þridǽled) | |
| triple | n | threesome | - | |
| triple | vb/adj | threefold (Barnes) | - | |
| triplet | n | threeling | thryn | |
| tristful | adj | downcast, gloomy, unblithe, unglad, wretched | - | |
| triumph | n | win, sig | - | |
| triumvirate | n | - | thriwered (exact calque: trium- thri + -vir- were + -ate -ed) | |
| trivial | adj | paltry | ayeap (<OE ægype) | |
| tropical (climate) | adj | wethot | - | |
| tropical zone | n | - | innerstrip, innerslice | |
| trouble | vb/n |
ail, illness, woe; harm's way in trouble: on the ropes |
swench (<OE swenc -an) | |
| troublesome | adj | - | athrotsome (<OE aþrotsum) | |
| truck | n | lorry | freightwain (cf. W.Fris. frachtwein) | |
| truncheon | n | cudgel, nightstick, club | - | |
| trunk | n | - | body, bole, salk, stock, stem, shaft, limbnose, armnose | |
| try | vb | forseek | mint (<OE myntan) | |
| tsunami | n | - | entwave, greatwave | |
|
tuition |
n | teaching | leering | |
| tumor | n | amper (OE: ampre ) | ||
| tundra | n | northgrass, coldgrass | - | |
| tunnel | n | - | burrow, crawlway, underway | |
| turn | vb | wend, writhe | - | |
| turn against | vb | - | andwerve | |
| turning point | n | watershed | - | |
| turn into | vb | become, char | forwandle | |
| turquoise | vb/n | teal | - | |
| turret | n | small keep | wyehouse (<OE wíghús) | |
| turtle | n | shell-paddock (rare) | rover (contr. of 'roofer' or 'roofpod', akin to stegosaurus, meaning 'roofed lizard') | |
| turtoise | n | shellpad | ||
| tutelage | n | - | reding | |
| tutor | n | teacher, leerer | - | |
| tweezers | n | nippers | - | |
| type | n | kind (Barnes), ilk | - | |
| type | vb | key, truckle | - | |
| typhus | n | - | lent-addle (Barnes) | |
| typify | vb | kinden, mark, inbody | - | |
| typical | adj | - | token | |
| typographer | n | - | outlayer | |
| Tyrannosaurus rex | n | - | great king athex (athex <OE āðehe: saurus) dreadathex | |
| tyranny | n | - | tharlreding | |
| tyrant | n | - | tharlreder (<OE þearl 'severe, strict')
hardrede (cf. king Harold 3 of Norway) | |
| tyre | n | wheelring | - | |