English Wordbook/V

Basic abbreviations:

OE = Old English
ME = Middle English
PG = Or-theedish
SC = Scots
SW = Swedish
Dan. = Danish
ON = Old Norse
OS = Old Saxon
NHG = New Hightheech
IC = Icelandish
H.IC = High Icelandish
Du. = Netherlandish
Fris. = Freesish

For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Chancery English	Class	Anglish/English
Chancery English	Class	Attested	Unattested
vacancy	n	black hole, emptiness; bareness,	-
vacant	adj	bare; fallow, off; deadpan, numb; forgotten, forsaken	toom (<OE tóm)
vacate	vb	empty	-
vacation	n	break, holiday, leave	-
vaccine	n		imper (cf. NHG impfen 'inoculate' + -er); impwork, impware (cf. NHG impfstoff); impware, life-drops (oral); needle-drops, one-shot-wonder (slang)
vacuity	n	black hole, emptiness; bareness	-
vacuum	n	tow	toom (<OE tōm 'empty')
vacuum cleaner	n	sweeper	dustsucker, crumb thief
vaettir	n	wight	-
vagabond	n	-	waybound
vagrancy	n	-	eardless wandering,
vagrant	n	drifter, floater, wanderer	eardless wanderer
vague	adj	fuzzy; dim; shadowy; hazy	unsuttle (<ME sutel <OE sweotol clear)
vagina	n	cunt (vulgar), pussy (slang; also vulgar), womanhood (also slang)	sheath (translation of the Latin, <OE scæþ, cf. Du. Schede, NHG. Scheide), maytril birthhole
vain	adj	1. cocky, high-and-mighty, snotty; 2. worthless, idle, 3. empty, shallow, worthless, hollow	-
vain, in	phr	for nothing, worthlessly, in wanhope	-
valediction	n	goodbye, farewell, leave-taking	-
valerian	n	all-heal	-
valet	n	theen, steward	-
valiant	adj	bold, doughty, fearless, stalworth	-
valid	adj	sound, well-grounded	-
valkyrie	n	-	walcury
valley	n	dale deep, of a stream: dene wide, grassy: slade narrow, steep: clove	comb, deneland, earthdene,
valorous	adj	-	ellenful
valour	n	ellen	-
valueable	adj/n	worthy, worthful
value	n	worth	merit: meed,
value	vb	worthen	-
vampire	n	bloodsucker, shark, wolf	dreigh (<OE dréag) bloodfiend, bloodnicker
vanadium	n		vanadistuff (<ON Vanadís)
vanguard	n	-	andward (calque)
Vánir	n	sea gods, storm gods, fishing gods, shipwreckers, freight-gods, lade-ghosts, hoard-ghosts; foe gods, foes; water wights, fiends, mermen	Wones (OED, ‘prosperous ones, bountiful ones: treasure demons of the sea’)
vanish	vb	fade, wither, melt, sink	fordwine, quink, swinden/ swind (<OE swinden; cf. NHG schwinden, Du. zwinden, Dan. svinde, LG swinnen, & others)
vanity	n	pride, idleness	idle, renk
vanquish	vb	beat, win, downtread	besye (cf. NHG besiegen)
vapour	n	mist, steam, loft	athom (<OE ǽðm), damp (original meaning of damp), breath, watersmoke
variant	n	offshoot, sundry	sundering
variation	n	sundriness	frothering offwrixling (cf. Fr. ôfwikseling)
variegated	adj	rainbow; dotted; many-hued	manyhued
variety	n	kind, many kinds	-
various	adj	many, manifold, sundry, rainbow	mistly (<OE mistlic) forshed (cf. NHG verschieden)
vas deferens	n	-	seedladder (calque)
vassal	n	feeman, knave, thane, man, churl	neat, younger, maythegn
vast	adj	wide, great, endless	-
vault	n		wholve (ME wholve)
vault of heaven	n	-	rother (<OE rodor), heavenwhalf (<OE hofonhwealf) pl: heavenwhalve (<OE heheofonhwealfa) heaven's wholve (ME, see above)
Vé	n	holy, hallowed	wigh (OED), Weoh (<ME weoh 'sacred, holy'), Way
veal	n	calf	calf-flesh
vector	n	wayload	-
veer	vb	swerve, trundle; bend	-
veil	n	wimple	rift, helster
vegan	n	-	greentheater, wortaloneater
vegetable	n	green, greens	foodwort, greenth (Du. groente)
vegetarian	n	-	greens-eater, fleshlesseater
vehicle	n	wain, craft	waincraft; farewain, farecraft
vein	n	-	edder (<OE ǣdre, cf. NHG Ader) leat, bloodburrow
velcro	n	-	graspcloth, fangcloth
velociraptor	n	-	quickreacker, dashsnatcher, quickfanger
velvet	n/adj	-	furrel (fur + dim. -el)
vendor	n	seller, dealer	-
venesection	n	bloodletting	-
venison	n	deer meat	hartflesh, roeflesh (cf. NHG Rehfleisch)
venom	n/vb	bane	atter
vent	n	hole, hatch; window	-
venturesome	adj	daring, bold, free-swinging	thriste (<OE)
venue	n	stead; coming	showstow
veracious	adj	true, truthful, wordfast	luter (OE: hlutor): lutter (ME)
verb	n	doing-word	deedword, workword, tideword
verbal	adj	wordy; spoken, unwritten, word-of-mouth	-
verbatim	adj	word-for-word, word for word	as was said, wordly (NHG. wörtlich)
verbose	adj	long-winded; speechy	-
verbosity	n	wordiness	speechiness
verdant	n	green, lush	-
verge	n	brink, edge, threshold	-
verify	vb	find out, look at/into	betrue, besooth
verily	adv	truly, soothly, indeed, forsooth, iwis	-
verity	n	truth. (see Truth and sooth, verity and reality)	-
vernacular	n	unbookish, everyday speech	mean speech umgang speech (cf. NHG Umgangssprache) (see umgang)
vernal	adj	spring	-
verse	n	fit	yedding (<OE geddung) stave, staff leethcraft (OE)
version	n	reading, betokening offshoot; eld	fading (<OE fadung), leaf, wend, reckoning, aspelling
versus	prep	against	-
vertebra	n	back bone	warvel (<OE hweorf, cf. Du. wervel, NHG wirfel)
vertical	adj	standing, upright	weft
vertically	adv	heightwise, upward(s), up and down; staffwise	-
vertigo	n	-	swindlehood (cf. Dn. svimmelhed)
veruca	n	wart	-
vervain	n	-	ash-throat (<OE æscðrote)
very	adj/adv	1. sore, sorely; way, highly; fairly; greatly, mighty, through-, ful-, for-, so; 2. much, truly, soothly, forsooth, indeed, rather, rattling, mickle, dead, fele, fell; 3. same, selfsame; 4. sheer; utter; 5. true, truly, full; 6. true; 7. rightful, lawful very much: most (att'd <OE mǽst), well	swithly (<OE swíðe + ly) very fair: forfair (<OE forfæger) very good: eregood (<OE ǽrgód), fulgood (<OE fulgód) very guilty: throughshildy (<OE þurhscyldig) very many: fele (<OE fela), foremany (<OE foremanig), formany (<OE formanig), full many very much: forswithe (<OE forswíðe), fortharl (<OE forþearle), fulswithe (<OE fulswíðe), stithe (<OE stíðe), tharl (<OE þearle), yarrow (<OE gearwe) very old: orold (<OE oreald) very wealthy: throughspeedy (<OE þurhspédig) full (<ME ful; meant the same thing as very)
vesica	n	bladder	-
vespertilines	n	bat	rere-mouse, rye-mouse, flitter-mouse
vessel	n	vat, ship	-
vest	n	British: undershirt American: waistcoat	-
vestibule	n	-	cavortown (<OE cafortūn), foreburrow (<OE foreburh), foredure (<OE foreduru), coavertown (<OE cāfortūn), inburrow (<OE inburh), wiketown (<OE wīctūn) entrance to: infarreld (<OE infæreld), ingang (<OE) def. 2: foredyrre (<OE), forthtie (<OE forþtīge) def. 3: foredere (<OE foredere), forestie (<OE forestige)
vex	vb	nettle	teen (<OE teonian), grill (<OE grillan), dreve (<OE drefan), begrame, dreck (<OE dreccan), abeilan
vexation	n	feaze	dreevedness (<OE drefednes), grame (<ME<OE gramian)
via	conj	by	-
vibrate	vb	shiver, shudder, quiver, shake, rattle	-
vicar	n	elder, holy man, leader	speller, spelland (<OE speliend); steadman
vicarious	adj	instead	wician, wice
vicepresident	n	-	underforesitter
viceroy	n	-	underking (<OE undercyning)
vicinity	n	nearness; neighbourhood	nighth
vicious	adj	wicked, evil, bad; marred	baderdy (cf. NHG bösartig) nithe
vicissitude	n	ups and downs, seesaw	ebbs and flows, ebb and neap, wends and wynds, wax and wanes
victim	n	-	tiber (<OE tīber), armshed
victor	n	winner	syer, siger, sye(wo)man, sig(wo)man
victorious	adj	winning	syly, syely, sigly, syrich, syerich, sigrich (cf. NHG siegreich)
victory	n	win	sy, sye, sig
video	n	film, short film, short, show, showing, broadcast	ewing (<OE īwung; meaning showing/revealing); showstrip
video CD	n	show-dish	white book
video game	n	game	ewing game reckoner game, stream game
Vietnam	n	-	Vietland, Southern Viet, Beyondsouthland
Vietnamese	adj	-	Viet, Vietish,
view	n	outlook, eyeshot, sight, insight	outsene
view	vb	look, watch, see, gaze, gawk	-
viewer	n	onlooker, witness, watcher; seer	-
vigil	n	wakefulness, wake, watch	-
vigilance	n	heedness, wareness, watchfulness	rathing
vigilant	adj	eye-bright, all-eyed, wakeful, aware, wary, watchful, wide awake, wakerife, ware, sharp	-
vigilante	n	watchman, warder, ward, keeper, overseer	folkreve (<OE folcgérefa) vigilance comittee member selfbeadle, selfsheriff
vigour	n	liveliness, drive	-
vigorous	adj	hearty, rathe, lusty, goey driving, lively, hale, yauld; strong; alne	rathsome (OE hræþ)
vile	adj	evil, wicked, loathsome; foul	-
Vili	n	ghost brother	Will
village	n	hem, thorpe/thorp/dorp, wick, town, whistle-stop	hemling, ham
villain	n	wretch, ne'er-do-well, cheat, black hat, baddy, evil-doer, wrong-doer, rotter, knave, scumbag	nithing (<OE niðing)
vindicate	v	uphold, whitewash, forgive
vine	n	-	droovebeam (cf. Fr. druvebeam)
vinegar	n	-	atched (<OE æced)
vintage	n	-	barn-find (antique: more tha 100 yers old; vintage several decades old).
viola (botany)	n	-	apple-leaf (<OE æppel-lēaf)
viola (music)	n	-	midfiddle
violate	vb	breach; befoul	overnim, sorthe, forbreak (<OS farbrekan)
violence	n	foul play bloodshed; recklessness	threat, hest, hattleness, nid, strack, strength, swithness, unreck
violent	adj	blood-soaked; stormy; dreadful; mad; reckless; wrathful	hest (<OE haeste), hattle, riff, tharl grimful (<OE grimful)
violet	adj	-	tever (<OE teafor), bawse (<OE basu)
violin	n	fiddle	-
violoncello	n	-	knee fiddle
virgin	n	maiden	unswiven
virginity	n	maidenhood	unswivenhood, famenhood
Virtual Reality	n	-	Aped Warehood (literally: simulated reality)
virtually	adv	almost, nearly, seemingly, all but	-
virtue	n	worth, uprightness; doughtiness, heart; goodness	douth (<OE duguþ)
virtuous	adj	right-minded	douthsome (cf. Du. deugdzaam)
virus	n	-	smitter (cf. Sw. smitta), weevil
visage	n	blee, likeness	neb (<OE nebb); onsene (OED)
vis-à-vis	prep	in (the) light of	with casting to
viscosity	n	thickflowingness, stickiness, clinginess; thickness	-
viscous	adj	thickflowing (cf. NHG dickflüssig), sticky, clingy, ropy	-
viscum	n	mistletoe, balday's bane	-
visible	adj	seen	eyeseen (O.E.), seenly; seesome
vision	n	sight; dream, sweven; spae, spaedom	-
visionary	adj	farsighted, foresighted; spaeman	-
visit	vb	call upon, drop in, see	fandle (<OFR) beseek (<OE bísæce, cf. NHG besuchen) see home (ex. I saw my father home yesterday.)
visit	n	-	fandle beseeking (<OE bísæce, cf. NHG Besuch)
visitor	n	caller, guest	fandler beseeker
vital	adj	flush, lusty, red-blooded; mettlesome, springy; needed; fell; key; lively, snell, alne	-
vitality	n	liveliness, beans	dodrive
vitamin	n	-	life-stuff (Loan oversetting of "vitamin"; cf. Ic. fjörefni)
vocabulary	n	word-hoard	wordstock, wordstow
vocal	adj	loud, outspoken	-
vociferous	adj	outspoken, loudmouthed	-
vodka	n	-	Russlandish lifewater, firewater
voice	n	steven, (OED, <OE stefn) ("With dreary heart and sorrowful steven ..") one of the few words to rhyme with 'heaven' steaven (so the way it is written does indeed rhyme with heaven) stevvon	steven, stimm (<OE, cf. NHG Stimme) pl: stevens, stimmen (Cf. NHG Stimmen) reard, Sc. reird, raird (<OE reord) leathor (<OE hlēoðor) sweyleathor (<OE swēġhlēoðor) pl: sweyleathru swey (<OE swēġ), pl: sweyäs (<OE swēġas) of thunder: thunderradestefen (<OE þunnorrādstefn) pl: thunderradestefna (<OE þunnorrādstefna) of water: watersteven (<OE wæterstefn) headwooth (<OE hēafodwōþ)
voiced	adj	soft, weak, flat	-
voiceless	adj	hard, strong, sharp	Stimmless stevenless (calque)
void	n/adj	n: black hole, emptiness adj: bereft	roum (<OR rūm) toom (<OE tōm)
voilà	interj	behold, lo	-
volcano	n	-	firebarrow, firefell
völkisch	adj	folkish	-
volleyball	n	-	flightball (calque)
volume	n	book: wad acoustics: din, loudness	physics: bulk, roommeal(cf. Ic. rúmmál), inhold (cf. Du. inhoud)
voluntary	adj	willing, freewilling, thank-you working.	-
volunteer	n	-	freewill worker, freewiller willing hands (attested), thank-you worker (slang)
volunteering	n		thank-you working.
vomer	n	-	ploughshare bone
vomit	vb	spew, puke, throw up, hurl, retch, upchuck	-
vomit	n	spew, puke, sick, throw-up, hurl	-
vote	n/vb	poll, show of hands, choosing vb: choose	steven
vow	n/vb	oath, behest, pledge, troth, word	behest, behight
vowel	n	-	clipple (<OE clipol), clipend
voyage	n/vb	sail	farfareld
vulgar	adj	low, filthy, ill-bred, churlish	churly (<OE ceorllic)
vulnerable	adj	helpless, powerless, strengthless, mightless
vulpine	adj	foxlike	-
vulture	n	-	geir (calque), ulter, tearbird
vulva	n	-	maidblade (<OE mæġþblæd), maidleaf (calque)

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