English Wordbook/V

Staff V of the English Wordbook.

Basic abbreviations:

• OE = Old English
• ME = Middle English
• SC = Scots
• WF = West Frish
• NF = North Frish
• SF = Saterlandish Frish
• WLG = West Low Theech
• ELG = East Low Theech
• NL = Netherlandish
• NHG = New High Theech
• IC = Icelandish
• HIC = High Icelandish
• NO = Nornish
• SW = Swedish
• DN = Danish
• MLG = Middle Low Theech
• MNL = Middle Netherlandish
• MHG = Middle High Theech
• OF = Old Frish
• OS = Old Saxish
• OHG = Old High Theech
• ON = Old Norse
• GO = Gottish
• PWG = Or-West-Theedish
• PG = Or-Theedish

For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Chancery English	Class	Anglish/English
		Attested	Unattested
vacancy	n	black hole, emptiness; bareness	-
vacant	adj	bare; fallow, off; deadpan, numb; forgotten, forsaken	toom (<OE tóm)
vacate	vb	empty	-
vacation	n	break, holiday, leave	-
vaccine	n	booster, jab	-
vacuity	n	black hole, emptiness; bareness	-
vacuum	n	-	1. toom (OE tōm 'empty'); 2. dustsucker
vaettir	n	wight	-
vagrancy	n	-	eardless wandering,
vagrant	n	drifter, floater, wanderer	eardless wanderer
vague	adj	fuzzy; dim	unswotel
vagina	n	cunt (vulgar), pussy (slang; also vulgar), womanhood (also slang)	sheath (translation of the Latin, <OE scæþ, cf. Du. Schede, NHG. Scheide), maytril
vain	adj	1. cocky, high-and-mighty, snotty; 2. worthless, idle 3. empty, shallow, worthless, hollow	-
vain, in	phr	for nothing, worthlessly, in wanhope	-
valediction	n	goodbye, farewell, leave-taking	-
valerian	n	all-heal	-
valet	n	theen, steward	-
valiant	adj	bold, doughty, fearless, stalworth	-
valid	adj	sound, well-grounded	-
valley	n	dale deep, of a stream: dene wide, grassy: slade narrow, steep: clove	comb, deneland, earthdene,
valour	n	ellen	-
value	n	worth	merit: meed,
value	vb	worthen	-
vampire	n	bloodsucker, shark, wolf	dreigh (<OE dréag) bloodfiend, bloodnicker
vanguard	n	-	andward (calque)
vanir	n	-	wanes (calque of the ON)
vanish	vb	melt, sink	fordwine, quink,
vanity	n	pride, idleness	idle, renk
vapour	n	-	athom (<OE ǽðm), damp (original meaning of damp), breath
variant	n	sundering	-
variation	n	-	frothering offwrixling (cf. Fr. ôfwikseling)
variegated	adj	rainbow; dotted	manyhued
variety	n	kind	-
various	adj	many, manifold, sundry, rainbow	mistly (<OE mistlic) forshed (cf. NHG verschieden)
vas deferens	n	-	seedladder (calque)
vassal	n	feeman	neat, younger, maythegn
vast	adj	great, endless	-
vault of heaven	n	-	rother (<OE rodor), heavenwhalf (<OE hofonhwealf) pl: heavenwhalve (<OE heheofonhwealfa)
Vé	n	-	Weoh (<ME weoh 'sacred, holy'), Way
veal	n	calf	calf-flesh
vector	n	wayload	-
veer	vb	swerve, trundle	-
veil	n	wimple	rift, helster
vegetable	n	green	greenth (Du. groente)
vehicle	n	wain, craft	farewain, farecraft
vein	n	-	edder (<OE ǣdre, cf. NHG Ader) leat, bloodburrow
velcro	n	-	graspcloth, fangcloth
velociraptor	n	-	speedreaver, dashsnatcher
vendor	n	seller, dealer	-
venesection	n	bloodletting	-
venison	n	deer	roeflesh (cf. NHG Rehfleisch)
venom	n/vb	-	atter
vent	n	hole	-
venturesome	adj	daring, free-swinging	thriste (<OE)
veracious	adj	true	luter (<OE hlutor)
verb	n	-	deedword, workword (cf. Du. werkwoord)
verbal	adj	wordy; spoken, unwritten, word-of-mouth	-
verbatim	adj	word-for-word, word for word	as was said, wordly (NHG. wörtlich)
verbose	adj	long-winded	-
verbosity	n	wordiness	-
verdant	n	green, lush	-
verge	n	brink, edge, threshold	-
verify	vb	find out, look at/into	-
verily	adv	truly, soothly, indeed, forsooth	-
verity	n	truth. (see Truth and sooth, verity and reality)	-
vernacular	n	unbookish, everyday speech	mean speech Umgangspeech (cf. NHG umgangssprache) (see umgang)
vernal	adj	spring	-
verse	n	-	yedding (<OE geddung) stave, staff leethcraft (OE)
version	n	reading, betokening	fading (<OE fadung), leaf, wend, reckoning, aspelling
versus	prep	against	-
vertical	adj	standing, upright	weft
vertically	adv	heightwise, upward(s), up and down	-
vertigo	n	-	highweariness
veruca	n	wart	-
vervain	n	-	ash-throat (<OE æscðrote)
very	adj/adv	1. sore, sorely; way, highly; greatly, mighty, through-, ful-, for-, so, 2. much, truly, soothly, forsooth, indeed, rather, rattling, mickle, dead, fele, fell; 3. same, selfsame; 4. sheer; utter; 5. true, truly, full; 6. true; 7. rightful, lawful very much: most (att'd <OE mǽst), well	swithe (<OE swíðe) very fair: forfair (<OE forfæger) very good: eregood (<OE ǽrgód), fulgood (<OE fulgód) very guilty: throughshildy (<OE þurhscyldig) very many: fele (<OE fela), foremany (<OE foremanig), formany (<OE formanig), full many very much: forswithe (<OE forswíðe), fortharl (<OE forþearle), fulswithe (<OE fulswíðe), stithe (<OE stíðe), swithe (<OE swíðe), tharl (<OE þearle), yarrow (<OE gearwe) very old: orold (<OE oreald) very wealthy: throughspeedy (<OE þurhspédig)
vesica	n	bladder	-
vespertilines	n	bat	rere-mouse, rye-mouse, flitter-mouse
vessel	n	vat, ship	-
vest	n	British: undershirt American: waistcoat	-
vestibule	n	-	cavortown (<OE cafortūn), foreburrow (<OE foreburh), foredure (<OE foreduru), coavertown (<OE cāfortūn), inburrow (<OE inburh), wiketown (<OE wīctūn) entrance to: infarreld (<OE infæreld), ingang (<OE) def. 2: foredyrre (<OE), forthtie (<OE forþtīge) def. 3: foredere (<OE foredere), forestie (<OE forestige)
vex	vb	nettle	teen (<OE teonian), grill (<OE grillan), dreve (<OE drefan), begrame, dreck (<OE dreccan)
vexation	n	feaze	dreevedness (<OE drefednes), grame (<ME<OE gramian)
via	conj	by	-
vibrate	vb	shiver, shudder, quiver, shake	-
vicar	n	-	speller, spelland (<OE speliend)
vicarious	adj	-	wician, wice
viceroy	n	-	underking (<OE undercyning)
vicinity	n	nearness; neighbourhood	nighth
vicious	adj	-	baderdy (cf. NHG bösartig) nithe
vicissitude	n	ups and downs, seesaw	ebbs and flows, ebb and neap, wends and wynds, wax and wanes
victim	n	-	tiber (<OE tíber) armshed
victor	n	winner	sig(wo)man, siger
victory	n	win	sig (<ME siȝe<OE siġe)
video	n	film, short film, short, show, showing, broadcast
video CD	n	-	white book
video game	n	game	reckoner game, stream game
view	n	outlook, eyeshot, sight, insight	-
view	vb	look, watch, see, gaze, gawk	-
viewer	n	onlooker, witness, watcher	-
vigil	n	wakefulness, wake, watch	-
vigilance	n	heedness, wareness, watchfulnes	rathing
vigilant	adj	eye-bright, wakeful, aware, wary, watchful, wide awake, wakerife, ware, sharp	-
vigilante	n	watchman, warder, ward, keeper, overseer	folkreve (<OE folcgérefa) vigilance comittee member selfbeadle, selfsheriff
vigour	n	liveliness, drive	-
vigorous	adj	hearty, rathe, lusty, driving, lively, hale, yauld	rathsome (OE hræþ)
vile	adj	evil, wicked, loathsome	-
Vili	n	-	Will
village	n	wick, town, whistle-stop	hemling, ham, thorpe
villain	n	black hat	nithing (<OE niðing)
vine	n	-	drovebeam (cf. Fr. druvebeam)
viola	n	-	midfiddle
violate	vb	breach	overnim, sorthe
violence	n	foul play	threat, hest, hattleness, nid, strack, strength, swithness, unreck
violent	adj	stormy; dreadful; mad	hest (<OE haeste), hattle, riff, tharl grimful (<OE grimful)
violet	adj	-	tever (<OE teafor), bawse (<OE basu)
violin	n	fiddle	-
violoncello	n	-	knee fiddle
virgin	n	maiden	unswiven
virginity	n	maidenhood	unswivenhood, famenhood
virtually	adv	almost, nearly, seemingly, all but	-
virtue	n	worth, uprightness; doughtiness, heart	douth (<OE duguþ)
virtuous	adj	right-minded	douthsome (cf. Du. deugdzaam)
virus	n	-	weevil
visage	n	blee, likeness	neb (<OE nebb)
viscosity	n	stickiness, clinginess	-
viscous	adj	sticky, clingy, ropy	-
viscum	n	mistletoe, balder's bane	-
visible	adj	-	seenly (<ME seheliche)
vision	n	sight; dream, sweven	-
visionary	adj	farsighted, foresighted	-
visit	vb	call upon, drop in, see	fandle (<Old Frisian) beseek (<OE bísæce, cf. NHG besuchen)
visit	n	-	fandle beseeking (<OE bísæce, cf. NHG Besuch)
visitor	n	caller, guest	fandler beseeker
vital	adj	flush, lusty, red-blooded; mettlesome, springy; needed; fell; key	-
vitality	n	liveliness, beans	dodrive
vocabulary	n	word-hoard	-
vocal	adj	loud, outspoken	-
vociferous	adj	outspoken, loudmouthed	-
vodka	n	-	Russlandish lifewater, firewater
voice	n	-	steven, ("With dreary heart and sorrowful steven ..") one of the few words to rhyme with 'heaven'  (<OE stefn) stimm (<OE, cf. NHG Stimme) pl: stimmen (Cf. NHG Stimmen)  reard, Sc. reird, raird (<OE reord) leathor (<OE hlēoðor) sweyleathor (<OE swēġhlēoðor) pl:  sweyleathru swey (<OE swēġ) pl: sweyäs (<OE swēġas of thunder: thunderradestefen (<OE þunnorrādstefn) pl: thunderradestefna (<OE þunnorrādstefna) of water: ​watersteven (<OE wæterstefn) headwooth (<OE hēafodwōþ)
voiced	adj	soft, weak, flat	-
voiceless	adj	hard, strong, sharp	Stimmless stevenless (calque)
void	n/adj	n: black hole, emptiness adj: bereft	room (<OR rūm) toom (<OE tōm)
volcano	n	-	fireberg, firefell
völkisch	adj	folkish (att'd; <OE folcisc)	-
volume	n	book: wad acoustics: din, loudness	physics: bulk, roommeal (cf. Ic. rúmmál), inhold (cf. Du. inhoud)
voluntary	adj	willing, freewilling	-
volunteer	n	-	freewill worker
vomer	n	-	ploughshare bone
vomit	vb	spew, puke, throw up, hurl, retch, upchuck	-
vomit	n	spew, puke, sick, throw-up, hurl	-
vote	n/vb	poll, show of hands, choosing vb: choose	steven
vow	n/vb	oath, behest, pledge, troth, word	behest, behight
vowel	n	-	clipple (<OE clipol), clipend
voyage	n/vb	sail	farfareld
vulgar	adj	low, filthy, ill-bred, churlish	churly (<OE ceorllic)
vulpine	adj	foxlike	-
vulture	n	-	geir (calque), ulter