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Icelandish (Icelandish: Íslenska) is a North Theedish tung and the main tung of Iceland. Together with its nearest kin Faroeish, it is one of the two Ilandish Theedish tungs.

Icelandish is an Ind-Europish tung belonging to the North Theedish limb of the Theedish tungs. It was the westernmost of the Ind-Europish tungs before the Evelandish settling of Marksland.

The greater share of Icelandish speakers live in Iceland. There are about 8,165 speakers of Icelandish living in Denmark, of whom roughly 3,000 are learners. The tung is also spoken by about 5,122 folks in the Banded Folkdoms of Americksland and by 1,385 in Canada (mostly in the town of Gimli, Manitoba). The leedward-fed Árni Magnússon Body for Icelandishlore works as a nave for keeping olden Icelandish handwrits and learning the tung and its written works. Since 1995, on Blootmonth 16 each year, the birthday of 19th hundredyear leethwriter Jónas Hallgrímsson is bemarked as Icelandish Tung Day.

Stare[]

The oldest kept writs in Icelandish were written around 1100 AD. Much of the writs are grounded in leethcraft and laws kept by word of mouth. The most bereemed of the writings, which were written from the 12th hundredyear onward, are the Icelandish Sagas, which are a gathering of the writings of yorer Snorri Sturluson and the Eddish Leeths. The Sagas are written in Old Icelandish, also called Old Nordish, which oncame to Iceland from the Nordish settlers from North Europe. The Danish oversee of Iceland from 1380 to 1918 weighed but little on the unfolding of Icelandish, for the tung was still spoken daily by Icelanders during this timespan. Icelandish has shifted little since the 13th hundredyear, with shifts happening mainly in overall breathening. Nowa speakers can understand the first sagas and leeths (albeit with slight ednewing and footlogs), and while the skill is often oversaid, some speakers can indeed read the olden writings.

Wordstock[]

Early Icelandish wordstock was mainly brought from Old Norsish. The inleading of Christendom to Iceland in the 11th hundredyear, trade and knightship all brought on the need to bewrite new thinking, leading to borrowing from other Theedish tungs and French. In the late 18th hundredyear, tung cleanliness began to get ground in Iceland, and since the early 19th hundredyear, it has seen wide backing from the Icelandish leedward and folk. Tung cleanliness in Iceland has let Icelandish wordstock blive mainly Theedish.

Tung cleanliness[]

During the 18th hundredyear, a scrithing was begun by writers and other learned folk to rid the tung of walsh words as much as could be done and to make a new Icelandish wordstock and shape the mothertung to fit the unfolding of new thinkings, instead of borrowing new words as happened with many other tungs. Many words that were no longer noted were given new meanings in today's speech, and new words were made from Old Norsish roots. Work is still being done to cleanse the tung further and to keep Icelandish timely.

Writing framework[]

The Icelandish staffhoard is well known for keeping two old staves no longer found in the English or New English staffhoards: Þ, þ "thorn" and Ð, ð "eth", of which the first stands for the rearded and the other the unrearded "th" galdor, as in English "thin" and "this". The full Icelandish staffhoard is as follows:

Upper staves
A Á B D Ð E É F G H I Í J K L M N O Ó P R S T U Ú V X Y Ý Þ Æ Ö
Lower staves
a á b d ð e é f g h i í j k l m n o ó p r s t u ú v x y ý þ æ ö

In Icelandish, swayinglies with tittles (á, é, í, ó, ú, ýand ö) are freestanding staves, and not thought of as being the same as the swayinglies they come from. The staff «é» was put into the staffhoard in 1929 to stand in stead of «je», and the staff «z» was taken out in 1973.

Kinwords with English[]

Icelandish and English are both Theedish tungs, so many kinwords can be found between them; each having akin meanings and the same root. The words that arise from the shared root have shifted spelling and sayingwise in each tung, as is shown the byspels given below:

English word Icelandish word
apple epli
book bók
root rót
house hús
mother móðir
night nótt
stone steinn
that það
word orð


Links to leaves about tungs (adight)
Kin of tungs Tungs
Ind-Europish tungs
Theedish tungs North Theedish tungs: Faroish - Norish - Icelandish (High Icelandish) - Old Norse - Old Gutnish - South Jutish - Danish - Swedish - Gutnish (moot) - Elfdalish (moot) - Norn tung (dead)
West Theedish tungs:
Weser-Rhine Theedish tungs: Old Low Frankish - Netherlandish - Highsunlandish tung - Zeelandish - Flemish (moot)
Elbe Theedish tungs: Old High Theech - Theech tung - Allmenish - Bairish - Wymysorys tung - Lombardish (dead) - Littleburgish - Yiddish - Ripuarish
North Sea Theedish tungs: Saxish (Old Saxish - Middle Low Saxish - Low Saxish) | English (Old English - Middle English - Latterday English - Anglish (moot) - Lowland Scottish - Northumberish tung (moot) Cumberish tung (moot) - Yola) | Friesish (Old Friesish - Western Friesish - Northern Friesish - Saterland Friesish)

East Theedish tungs (dead): Gottish tung - Wendish tung - Burgundish tung

Celtish tungs Mainland Celtish tungs (dead): Galatish - Gaulish - Celtiberish - Gallaicish - Lepontish - East Celtish tung
Gelish tungs: Irish - Scottish Gelish - Manx tung
Brythonish tungs: Cornish - Welsh - Breton tung
Other: Shelta
Balt-Windish tungs Windish tungs:
East Windish tungs: Russish - Ukrainish - White Russish -Russinish
West Windish tungs: Slesish - Polish - Bohemish (a.k.a. Checkish) - Slovakish - Kashubish - West Pomeranish (dead) - Polabish/Onelbish (dead) - Upper Sorbish - Lower Sorbish
South Windish tungs: Serb-Croatish (Serbish - Blackbarrowish - Bosnish - Croatish) - Bulgarish - Macedonish - Slovenish

Baltish tungs:
Eastern Baltish tungs: Lettish - Latgalish (moot) - Lithuish - Samogitish (moot) - Selonish (dead) - Zemgalish (dead) - Courlandish (dead)
Western Baltish tungs (dead): Old Prussish - Sudovish - Western Galindish - Skalvish?
Eastern Galindish (dead)
Italish tungs Sabellish tungs (dead): Umbrish - Osckish - Volscish - Sabinish? - South Picenish - Marsish - Fore-Samnitish


Latish-Faliscish tungs (dead):
Latish (Folklatish) - Faliscish
Romanish tungs: Italish-Western tungs:
Italish-Dalmatish: Istriotish tung - Tuscish - Venetish - Sassarish - Sicilish - Italish
Western-Romanish tungs: Gallish-Romanish (Old French - Middle French - Latterday French - Wallonish - Normandish (Angle-Normandish) - Burgundish tung (Romanish) - Savoyardish - Occitanish - Catalandish - Lombardish) - Ligurish - Foothillish - Emilianish | Iberish-Romanish tungs (Spanish - Mirandish - Portugalish - Sephardish)
Eastern-Romanish tungs: Romeenish - Aromeenish - Meglenitish - Istro-Romeenish (deathbound)
Sardinish

Hellenish tungs Greekish - Tsakonish - Yevanish
Ind-Iranish tungs Ind-Aryish: (Hindlandish offshoots: Hindish - Urdu tung) - Punjabish - Sindhish - Mean Rajasthanish - Gujaratish - Romani tungs - Kashmirish - Nepalish - Chhattisgarhish - Bhojpurish - Maithili tung - Odia tung - Bengalish - Assamish - Marathi tung - Singhalish - Maldivish


Iranish: Persish - Kurdish tungs - Old Persish (dead) - Medish (dead) - Old Azerish - Parthish - Balochi tung - Gilanish - Mazanderani tung - Gorganish (dead) - Semnanish - Sangsarish - Lasgerdi tung - Sorkhei tung - Zaza tung - Gorani tung - Talysh tung - Gozarkhani tung - Karinganish - Tatish - Southern Bashkardi tung - Garmsiri tung - Sivandi tung - Gazi tung - Kumzari tung - Larestanish - Lurish - Kuhmareyi tung - Pashtunish - Bactrish (dead) - Khwarezmish (dead) - Sogdish (dead) - Wakhi tung - Munjanish - Yidgha tung - Ormuri tung - Parachi tung - Yaghnobish - Ossetish - Old Avestish (dead) - Younger Avestish (dead)
Nuristanish tungs: Kamkata-vari tung - Wasi-wari tung - Ashkunish - Waigalish - Tregamish - Zemyaki tung (deathbound)

Anatolish tungs Hettitish - Palaish Luvish - Lykish - Milyish - Carish - Sidetish - Pisidish - Lydish
Other Ind-Europish Albanish - Armenish - Thracish (dead) - Dacish (dead) - Lusitanish (dead) - Illyrish (dead) - Messapish (dead) - Frygish (dead) - Paionish (dead) - Mysish (dead) - Liburnish (dead) - Cimmerish (dead) - Sicelish? (dead)
Afrosunriselandish tungs
Semitish tungs Amharish - Arabish - Aramaish - Hebrew - Assyrish
Uralish tungs
Balt-Fennish Estish - Finnish - Sami tungs - Livonish (deathbound) - Karelish - Vepsish - Ludish (moot) - Votish (deathbound) - Izhorish (deathbound)
Ugrish? Ungarish - Chantish - Mansish
Turkish tungs
Oghuz Mickleyard Turkish - Azerish - Turkmen tung
Karluk Uzbek tung - Uyghur tung
Khalaj Khalaj tung
Oghur Chuvash tung - Hunnish tung? (dead) - Avar tung? (dead)
Siberish Sakha tung - Tuvish tung - Khakas tung - Chulym tung
Kipchak Kazakh tung - Kyrgyz tung - Tatar tung - Krimlandish Tatar tung
Japonish tungs
Japanish tung - Ryukyu tungs (moot)
Mongolish tungs
Khalkha tung - Buryat tung
Southialandish tungs
Philippine Philipslandish - Yami tung - Ivatan tung
Malayish Malay tung - Indonesish tung - Mualang tung
Polynesish Tongish - Samoish - Marquesish - Firelandish - Tahitish - Maorish
Sinitish-Tibetish tungs
Sinitish Chinesish
Tibetish-Burmish Burmish - Tibetish - Dzongkha tung
Niger-Congo tungs
Swahilish - Yorubish tung - Zulu tung
Koreish tungs
Koreish - Jeju tung
Southasiatish tungs
Vietnamish
Forbinded tungs Papiamento tung
Lone tungs
Baskish - Ainu tung
Other
Cherokee tung - Canaman Folktung - Esperantish tung (crafted) - Etruscish tung (dead) - Folkspraak tung (crafted) - Greenlandish tung - Toki Pona Tung (crafted) - Volapuk (crafted)
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