This is the nearish spread of Old Northish and kindred tungs in the early 10th hundredyear. The red ground is the spread of the speech Old West Northish; the orange ground is the spread of the speech Old East Northish. The pink ground is Old Gutnish and the green ground is the spread of the other Theedish tungs with which Old Northish still kept some evenway understanding.
Old Norse or Old Northish (Old West Northish: Norrœnt mál. Old East Northish: Dǫnsk tunga) was a Northern Theedish tung spoken in Shedenay from 800 until about 1300. As a Theedish speech, it is akin to English, Theech, and Netherlandish; however, being a North Theedish tongue, it is closer to the nowen tungs of Shedenay. Withal, it is also akin to other Indo-Europish tungs, such as Romish, Greek, Sanskrit, the Celtish and Slavish tungs, and other infolds of Indo-Evelandish. It sprang straight from Ornorthish and soon split into the byleids of Old West Norse, Old East Norse, and Gutnish. Old West Norse begat the nowen tungs Norish (Norse), Icelandish, and Faroish, whilst Old East Norse begat the nowen tungs Danish, Swedish, and Elfdalsk. Of these, Icelandish is the speech that has shifted the least, keeping all of the Old Northish's stavecraft.
Contents
Speechsteadlore[]
Framework board of speechsteads:
| Lip | Teeth | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Lip-velar | Throat | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p b | t d | k g | ||||
| Nose | m | n | (ŋ) | ||||
| Fricative | f v | θ (ð) | s | (ɣ) | h | ||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
| Tongueside Approximant | l |
Stavecraft[]
Old Nordish is a tung of many word endings.
Namewords and Honewords[]
Namewords and honewords take endings for namefall, folkhalf, and scoring, and whether they are strong or weak. Here is the stavecraft of a manly nameword, armr, "arm."
| Namefall | One | Many |
|---|---|---|
| Underthrow | armr | armar |
| Holding | arms | arma |
| Giver | armi | ǫrmum |
| Accusative | arm | arma |
Old Northish can bind the words "a/an" and "the" to the end of words as well. As byspell, úlfr ("a wolf") and úlfrinn" ("the wolf")
Wording Byspell[]
Þórr heitir áss, ok er sterkr mjök ok oft reiðr. Hann á hamar góðan. Þórr ferr oft til Jötunheima ok vegr þar marga jötna með hamrinum. Þórr á ok vagn er flýgr. Hann ekr vagninum um himininn. Þar er Þórr ekr, er stormr.
English Oversetting:
A god hight Thor, that is much stark and oft wrathful. He has a good hammer. Thor fares oft to Jötunhome and slays there many ettins with the hammer. Thor also owns a wagon that flies. He drives the wagon around the sky. Where Thor goes, there are storms.
Deedwords[]
Wordsetting[]
Wordhoard[]
Old Northish loan words in English/Anglish[]
The living together of the English and Northmen in the Danelaw beget many Old Nothish loan words in the English word-hoard . The share of loan words in steadly byleids in Scotland and northern England is even higher than in mean English. Below is a list of some Old Northish loan words in English and Scots.
| English | Scots | Old Northish | orspringly meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| aloft | alaft | á lopt | on loft |
| anger | anger | angr | swench |
| awe | awe | agi | qualmthrea |
| are | are | er, erum, eruð, eru | to be (2. sg and pl) |
| auk | auk | auk | far-northern seabird |
| awkward | ackwart | ǫfugr | turned-backward |
Old Northish Speechcraft[]
Old Nordish is well-known for its leethsongs. It is the tung of the Icelandish sagas, the greatest spring of knowledge about the Northish gods, folklore, and eretide.
| Tungs | Kin of tungs |
|---|---|
| Indo-Europish tungs | |
| Theedish tungs | North Theedish tungs: Faroish tung - Norish tung - Icelandish (High Icelandish) - Old Norse - Old Gutnish - South Jutish - Danish tung - Swedish tung - Gutnish tung (moot) - Elfdalsh Tung (moot) West Theedish tungs: Weser-Rhine Theedish tungs: Old Low Frankish - Netherlandish tung - Highsunlandish tung - Zeelandish tung - Flemish tung (moot) Elbe Theedish tungs: Old High Theech - Theech tung - Allmenish tung - Bairish tung - Wymysorys tung - Lombardish tung (dead) - Littleburgish tung - Yiddish tung - Ripuarish tung North Sea Theedish tungs: Saxish (Old Saxish - Middle Low Saxish - Low Saxish tung) | English (Old English tung - Middle English tung - English tung - Anglish (moot) - Lowland Scottish tung - Northumberish tung (moot) - Yola) | Friesish (Old Friesish tung - Western Friesish - Northern Friesish - Saterland Friesish) East Theedish tungs (dead): Gottish tung - Wendish tung - Burgundish tung |
| Celtish tungs | Mainland Celtish tungs (dead): Galatish tung - Gaulish tung - East Celtish tung Gelish tungs: Irish tung - Scots Gelish tung - Manx tung Brythonish tungs: Cornish tung - Welsh tung - Breton tung Other: Shelta |
| Balt-Slavish tungs | Slavish tungs: East Slavish tungs: Russish tung - Borderish tung - White Russish tung West Slavish tungs: Slesish tung - Polish tung - Bohemish tung (a.k.a Checklandish Tung) - Slovakish tung - Kashubish tung South Slavish tungs: Serb-Croatish (Serbish tung - Blackbarrowish tung - Bosnish tung - Croatish tung) - Bulgarish tung - Macedonish tung - Slovenish tung Baltish tungs: Lithuish tung - Old Prussish (dead) |
| Italish tungs | Sabellish tungs (dead): Umbrish tung
|
| Greekish tungs | Greekish tung - Tsakonish tung - Yevanish tung |
| Indo-Iranish tungs | Indo-Aryish: (Hindlandish offshoots: Hindish tung - Urdu tung) - Punjabish tung
|
| Other Indo-Europish | Albanish tung - Armenish tung - Thracish tung (dead) |
| Semitish tungs | Amharish tung - Arabish tung - Aramaish tung - Hebrew tung - Assyrish tung |
| Ulgarish tungs | Estish tung - Finnish tung - Ungarish tung - Sami tungs |
| Turkish tungs | Oghuz: Mickleyard Turkish tung - Azerish tung - Turkmen tung
Karluk: Uzbek tung - Uyghur tung Khalaj: Khalaj tung Oghur: Chuvash tung - Hunnic tung? (dead) - Avar tung? (dead) Siberish: Sakha tung - Tuvish tung - Khakas tung - Chulym tung Kipchak: Kazakh tung - Kyrgyz tung - Tatar tung - Krimlandish Tatar tung |
| Japonish tungs | Japanish tung - Ryukyu tungs (moot) |
| Mongolish tungs | Khalkha tung - Buryat tung |
| Southialandish tungs | Philippine: Philipslandish tung - Yami tung - Ivatan tung
Malayish: Malay tung - Indonesish tung - Mualang tung Polynesish: Tongish tung - Samoish tung - Marquesish tung - Firelandish tung - Tahitish tung - Maorish tung |
| Sinitish-Tibetish tungs | Sinitish: Chinish tung
Tibetish-Burmish: Burmish tung - Tibetish tung - Dzongkha tung |
| Niger-Congo tungs | Swahilish tung - Yorubish tung - Zulu tung |
| Koreish tungs | Koreish tung |
| Southasiatish tungs | Vietnamish tung |
| Forbinded Tungs | Papiamento tung |
| Lone tungs | Baskish tung - Ainu tung |
| Other | Cherokee tung - Canaman Folktung - Esperantish tung (crafted) - Etruscish tung (dead) - Folkspraak tung (crafted) - Greenlandish tung - Toki Pona Tung (crafted) - Volapuk (crafted) |
