This is the nearish spread of Old Northish and kindred tungs in the early 10th hundredyear. The red ground is the spread of the speech Old West Northish; the orange ground is the spread of the speech Old East Northish. The pink ground is Old Gutnish and the green ground is the spread of the other Theedish tungs with which Old Northish still kept some evenway understanding.
Old Norse or Old Northish (Old West Northish: Norrœnt mál. Old East Northish: Dǫnsk tunga) was a Northern Theedish tung spoken in Shedenay from 800 until about 1300. As a Theedish speech, it is akin to English, Theech, and Netherlandish; however, being a North Theedish tongue, it is closer to the nowen tungs of Shedenay. Withal, it is also akin to other Indo-Europish tungs, such as Romish, Greek, Sanskrit, the Celtish and Slavish tungs, and other infolds of Indo-Evelandish. It sprang straight from Ornorthish and soon split into the byleids of Old West Norse, Old East Norse, and Gutnish. Old West Norse begat the nowen tungs Norish (Norse), Icelandish, and Faroish, whilst Old East Norse begat the nowen tungs Danish, Swedish, and Elfdalsk. Of these, Icelandish is the speech that has shifted the least, keeping all of the Old Northish's stavecraft.
Contents
Speechsteadlore[edit | edit source]
Framework board of speechsteads:
| Lip | Teeth | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Lip-velar | Throat | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p b | t d | k g | ||||
| Nose | m | n | (ŋ) | ||||
| Fricative | f v | θ (ð) | s | (ɣ) | h | ||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
| Tongueside Approximant | l |
Stavecraft[edit | edit source]
Old Nordish is a tung of many word endings.
Namewords and Honewords[edit | edit source]
Namewords and honewords take endings for namefall, folkhalf, and scoring, and whether they are strong or weak. Here is the stavecraft of a manly nameword, armr, "arm."
| Namefall | One | Many |
|---|---|---|
| Underthrow | armr | armar |
| Holding | arms | arma |
| Giver | armi | ǫrmum |
| Accusative | arm | arma |
Old Northish can bind the words "a/an" and "the" to the end of words as well. As byspell, úlfr ("a wolf") and úlfrinn" ("the wolf")
Wording Byspell[edit | edit source]
Þórr heitir áss, ok er sterkr mjök ok oft reiðr. Hann á hamar góðan. Þórr ferr oft til Jötunheima ok vegr þar marga jötna með hamrinum. Þórr á ok vagn er flýgr. Hann ekr vagninum um himininn. Þar er Þórr ekr, er stormr.
English Oversetting:
A god hight Thor, that is much stark and oft wrathful. He has a good hammer. Thor fares oft to Jötunhome and slays there many ettins with the hammer. Thor also owns a wagon that flies. He drives the wagon around the sky. Where Thor goes, there are storms.
Deedwords[edit | edit source]
Wordsetting[edit | edit source]
Wordhoard[edit | edit source]
Old Northish loan words in English/Anglish[edit | edit source]
The living together of the English and Northmen in the Danelaw beget many Old Nothish loan words in the English word-hoard . The share of loan words in steadly byleids in Scotland and northern England is even higher than in mean English. Below is a list of some Old Northish loan words in English and Scots.
| English | Scots | Old Northish | orspringly meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| aloft | alaft | á lopt | on loft |
| anger | anger | angr | swench |
| awe | awe | agi | qualmthrea |
| are | are | er, erum, eruð, eru | to be (2. sg and pl) |
| auk | auk | auk | far-northern seabird |
| awkward | ackwart | ǫfugr | turned-backward |
Old Northish Speechcraft[edit | edit source]
Old Nordish is well-known for its leethsongs. It is the tung of the Icelandish sagas, the greatest spring of knowledge about the Northish gods, folklore, and eretide.
