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Ripuarish (/ˌrɪpjuˈɛəriən/; also Ripuarish Frankish; German: Ripuarisch, ripuarische Mundart, ripuarischer Dialekt, ripuarisch-fränkische Mundart, Ribuarisch) is a German bytungset, part of the West Middle German tungset. Together with the Moselle Frankish which includes the Luxembourgish language, Ripuarish belongs to the larger Middle Frankish bytung family and also to the Rinelandish speechly continuum with the Low Frankish tungs.
It is spoken in the Rhineland south of the Benrath line — from northwest of Düsseldorf and Coleyn to Aachen in the west and to Waldbröl in the east.
The tung's span also comprises the north of the German-speaking Fellowship of Belgia as well as the southern edge of the Limburg province of the Netherlands, especially Kerkrade (Kirchroa). The name derives from the Ripuarish Franks (Rheinfranken), who settled in the area from the 4th yearhundred onward.
The most well known Ripuarish language is Kölsch, the neighbytung of Coleyn. Bytungs belonging to the Ripuarish group almost always call themselves Platt like Öcher Platt (of Aachen) or Eischwiele Platt (of Eschweiler), Kirchröadsj Platt (of Kerkrade) Bocheser Platt (of Bocholtz) or Bönnsch Platt (of Bonn). Most of the more than one hundred Ripuarish bytungs are bound to one specific thorp or boroughship. Usually there are small distinctive differences between neighbouring bytungs (which are, however, easily noticeable to locals), and increasingly bigger differences between the more distant bytungs. These are described by a set of isoglosses called the Rhenish fan in speechlore. The way folk talk, even if they are not speaking in Ripuarish, often allows them to be traced precisely to a thorp or borough quarter where they learned to speak.
Rime of speakers[]
About a thousand-thousand folk speak a variation of Ripuarish bytung, which constitutes about one fourth of the inhabitants of the area. Penetration of Ripuarish in everyday communication varies considerably, as does the percentage of Ripuarish speakers from one stow to another. In some stows there may only be a few elderly speakers left, while elsewhere Ripuarish usage is common in everyday life. Both in the genuine Ripuarish area and far about it, the rime of folk passively understanding Ripuarish to some extent exceeds the rime of active speakers by far. Estimates assume some ten, and up to twenty thousand-thousand speakers.
Geographic significance[]
Speakers are centred on the German borough of Köln (Coleyn). The language's distribution starts from the important geographic transition into the flat-lands coming down from the Middle Rhine. The Ripuarish varieties are related to the Moselle Frankish tungs spoken in the southern Rhineland (Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland) in Germany, to the Luxembourgish language in Luxembourg, to the Low Frankish Limburgish language in the Dutch province of Limburg, and to Low Dietsch in the province of Liège, Belgia. Most of the historic roots of Ripuarish tungs are in Middle High German, but there were other influences too, such as Leeden, Low German, Dutch, French and Southern Meuse-Rhenish (Limburgish). Several elements of staffcraft are unique to Ripuarish and do not exist in the other tungs of Germany.
The French Fellowship of Belgia and the Netherlands officially recognise some Ripuarish bytungs as minority tungs, and the Europish Union likewise follows.
Staffcraft[]
Rimewords[]
| Cardinals | Ordinals | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ēn | dę ìəštə |
| 2 | tswęī | dę tswę̀itə |
| 3 | dreī | dę drę̀itə |
| 4 | fiəꝛ | dę fiətə |
| 5 | fønəf | dę fønəftə |
| 6 | zęks | dę zękstə |
| 7 | zevə | dę zevəntə |
| 8 | āx | dę āxtə |
| 9 | nøŋ̀ | dę nøŋ̄tə |
| 10 | tsèn | dę tsèntə |
| 11 | eləf | dę eləftə |
| 12 | tsweləf | dę tsweləftə |
| 13 | drøksēn | dę drøksēntə |
| 14 | fiətsēn | dę fiətsēntə |
| 15 | fuftsēn | dę fuftsēntə |
| 16 | zęksēn | dę zęksēntə |
| 17 | zevətsēn | dę zevetsēntə |
| 18 | āxtsēn | dę āxtsēntə |
| 19 | nøŋ̄sēn | dę nøŋ̄tsēntə |
| 20 | tswantsiχ | dę tswantsiχstə |
| 21 | enəntswantsiχ | |
| 22 | tswęiəntswantsiχ | |
| 23 | dreiəntswantsiχ | |
| 24 | fiəꝛentswantsiχ | |
| 25 | fønəvəntswantsiχ | |
| 26 | zękzəntswantsiχ | |
| 27 | zevənəntswantsiχ | |
| 28 | āxəntswantsiχ | |
| 29 | nøŋəntswantsiχ | |
| 30 | dresiχ | dę dresiχstə |
| 40 | fiətsiχ | dę fiətsiχstə |
| 50 | fuftsiχ | dę fuftsiχstə |
| 60 | zęksiχ | dę zęksiχstə |
| 70 | zevəntsiχ | dę zevətsiχstə |
| 80 | āxtsiχ | dę āxtsiχstə |
| 90 | nøŋ̄siχ | dę nøŋ̄tsiχstə |
| 100 | hondəꝛt | dę hondəꝛtstə |
| 200 | tsweīhondəꝛt | |
| 1000 | dùzənt | dę dùzəntstə |
Forenamewords[]
Ripuarish (excluding Borough-Coleynish) emphasised personal forenamewords:[2]
| 1st hoad | 2er hoad | 3rd hoad m. / f. / n. |
reflexive forenameword | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Onefold | ||||||
| Nem. | iχ | du | hę̄ | zeī | ət | |
| Stre. | – | – | – | – | – | |
| For. | mīꝛ | dīꝛ | em̀ | ìꝛ | em̀ | ziχ |
| Wra. | miχ | diχ | en | zeī | ət | ziχ |
| Manifold | ||||||
| Nem. | mīꝛ | īꝛ | zē | |||
| Stre. | – | – | – | |||
| For. | os | yχ | eǹə | ziχ | ||
| Wra. | os | yχ | zē | ziχ | ||